tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-75468544015875922562024-02-19T02:01:40.953-08:00Social Media Studyand the writing of ESL 5301, Advanced Writingweblog museumhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07113851247903847410noreply@blogger.comBlogger29125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7546854401587592256.post-17199322741376737362014-12-27T11:39:00.001-08:002014-12-27T12:03:13.726-08:00Abstracts<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: large;"><br />Abstract<br /> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: large;">Social networking sites are one of the latest examples of communication technologies that have been widely adopted by students. The primary objective of conducting <a href="http://esl5301fall2014.blogspot.com/2014/11/normal-0-false-false-false-en-us-x-none.html">this study</a> was to contribute to understanding of how university students use social media. We focused more on YouTube, as one of the popular social networking websites, and graduate students, as representatives of university students who are more frequently involved in academic activities. A survey, including twenty five questions, was developed to address key questions in terms of using different types of social media, including the purpose of using YouTube, students’ attitudes towards the impact of social media on academic performance, and gender and nationality differences. Surveys were filled out by 152 students at a university in west Texas. We found that graduate students were more likely than other students to use YouTube for learning purposes. A major take-home message for educators is that social media have the potential to become a valuable resource to support their educational communications, and they will benefit from integrating social media, such as YouTube, into university courses. (SV)<br /> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: large;"> Abstract<br /><br />In the Fall 2014 semester, the ESL 5301 class decided to conduct <a href="http://esl5301fall2014.blogspot.com/2014/12/social-media-study-by-serdar-kaleli.html">a study</a><span class="gmw_"> about social media. We were curious about how Texas Tech students use social media and we decided to conduct surveys as a data collecting method. Our study had several phases. First, we read some articles about social media and summarized them; secondly, we wrote our introductions and literature <span class="gm_ gm_3abc8f04-c6b6-d4b2-fc32-2d1b7973b433 gm-spell">rewiews</span><span class="gmw_">; then each student prepared some hypotheses; next, we prepared and conducted our survey. In total 152 Texas Tech students filled out our survey. Next steps were organizing the survey results and discussing the results. In the end, it was an interesting study; we had very interesting hypotheses and some <span class="gm_ gm_29b9843e-f711-e685-45b1-fc5581fee7ab gm-spell">suprising</span> findings. We believe that this study will lead the way to further studies about social media. (SK)</span></span><br /> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: large;">Abstract<br /> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: large;">Social media are becoming an important part of our society and redefine the way modern people interact with each other. Social media companies presented a real name policy to mandate all users to use their real names on their accounts in order to decrease the risk associated with pseudonyms several years ago. However, it has raised a war between social media users and social media companies because a few social media users fight against this policy. To better understand this war, research was conducted to know people’s attitudes toward the real name policy of social media. In <a href="http://esl5301fall2014.blogspot.com/2014/12/an-analysis-of-real-name-issue-on.html">this research</a>, a survey form including two questions about the real name policy of social media was at first designed. Secondly, people on Texas Tech campus were randomly selected to fill out the survey forms. Last, the survey results were analyzed using a statistical methodology. The results show that the majority of survey respondents supported the real name policy of social media and used their real names on their social media accounts. In addition, survey respondents’ attitudes towards the real name policy of social media and using real names on social media accounts varied by their demographic information, such as gender, nationality and level of study. (FL)<br /> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: large;">Abstract <br /> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: large;">Previous studies have shown that many differences exist between female and male Facebook users among college students. These differences can be used to explore the personality differences between females and males. Totally 167 surveys about social media were taken in Texas Tech University between October 12, 2014 and October 23, 2014. Based on the results of all the surveys, <a href="http://esl5301fall2014.blogspot.com/2014/12/investigating-personality-differences_10.html">we analyzed</a> the personality differences between females and males in two aspects: neuroticism and extraversion. Through analyzing the time spent on Facebook and frequency of checking Facebook, we found males were more neurotic than females. By investigating the participants’ activities on Facebook, we figured out that males were more extraverted than females. From these two conclusions, we can also deduce that people who have a strong sense of loneliness may not always lack social activities. (YL)<br /> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: large;">Abstract<br /><br />Language use by gender and age is commonly reported to have differences. The raising of internet and social media as the dominant communication tool in the present also shows different characteristics in language use. However, with new tools as emoticons, photos, updates and abbreviations inside modern language, it is important to know how people perceive it. We presented a survey to 152 Texas Tech University students and some other non-students in Lubbock to see how they perceive the use of language in social media. <a href="http://esl5301fall2014.blogspot.com/2014/12/communication-through-social-media.html">We found</a> that most of the people disagree with traditional stereotypes for males and females about language use. Nevertheless, we also found that the use of emoticons, abbreviations and status updates follow these stereotypes suggesting that people didn’t realize how these differences among genders really reflect previous reported stereotypes. (MCRB)</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: large;">Abstract<br /><br /> <a href="http://esl5301fall2014.blogspot.com/2014/12/the-way-texas-tech-university-students_65.html">This study</a> shows how Texas Tech University students use social media. This research paper was written after a survey was done with 152 students. Those students were chosen to be as close to %50 each as possible in order to represent reality. They were asked many questions to discover how they used social media and what their purpose using social media was. You will find out about young people’s social media habits.<br /> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: large;">Abstract<br /><br /> Social media have a significant impact on students and each group of students has a particular use, different from other groups. <a href="http://esl5301fall2014.blogspot.com/2014/12/the-impact-of-social-media-on-texas.html">This study</a> focuses on effects of social media on Texas Tech University students. It made a survey on 152 TTU students as a sample of TTU students. The survey contained 21 questions which consisted of several points about gender, nationality, and education level (graduate / undergraduate) and their methods of using social media. The results showed that the majority of the survey was from American undergraduate students, who represent 95% of all Texas Tech University students. Moreover, the survey showed Facebook was more used than Twitter. Also, this study showed that each group of TTU students had a particular use of social media. (FA)</span>weblog museumhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07113851247903847410noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7546854401587592256.post-18335006678384864352014-12-02T20:35:00.000-08:002014-12-27T11:36:37.423-08:00The Impact of Social Media on Texas Tech University Students<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Abstract:</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Social media have a significant
impact on students and each group of students has a particular use, different from
other groups. This study focuses on effects of social media on Texas Tech
University students. It made a survey on 152 TTU students as a sample of TTU
students. The survey contained 21 questions which consisted of several points
about gender, nationality, and education level (graduate / undergraduate) and
their methods of using social media. The results showed that the majority of
the survey was from American undergraduate students, who represent 95% of all
Texas Tech University students. Moreover, the survey showed Facebook was more
used than Twitter. Also, this study showed that each group of TTU students had
a particular use of social media.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Introduction</span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Social media have become important nowadays. Social media make the
world look like a small village. Social media allow people to poste, comment
and watch in full freedom that social media help people in communication. “Facebook
will let the people use the applications without any personal information”
(Valinsky, 2013, para.1). People use social media sites such as Facebook,
Twitter, and Myspace to create and sustain relationships with others (Boyd
& Ellison, 2007). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Regardless, we
cannot deny that social media have many advantages for people. However, there
are many social media applications on phone devices such as Facebook, Twitter,
Instagram and Snapchat; every person prefers one over the other. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Moreover, many people use social media to tell
other people about their lives. People usually post on social media (Facebook, Twitter,
Instagram and Snapchat…. etc.) what they believe inside themselves. There is
argument between people about social media, some people view Facebook is better
than Twitter, and others view opposite that. “Facebook is a repository of
someone’s life where Twitter is like a thought-stream, at least in terms of
usage“ </span><a href="http://www.digitaltrends.com/users/mmchugh/"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">(McHugh</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">, 2013, para.3).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Although, social
media have negative effects on the society, its positive effects are more than
negative effects. A lot of people use social media to get jobs, even for their research.
According to McAndrew & Jeong (2012, para.1) “Males are more interested
in number of friends and educational and career accomplishments”.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">On the other hand, several researchers discuss the relationship of
social media among students, where some of them see students differ in their use
of social media. Sponcil & Priscilla (2014) say “In particular, college
students form a large proportion of users on social media networks.” <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In fact there are many differences between male
students and female students and of the other aspect, there are differences
among graduate students and undergraduate students. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The argument about social media will continue
between people, and that is a natural phenomenon.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Literature
Review:</span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">There are many studies that have addressed the issue of social
media, but we will choose some studies which have a relationship to our topic.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span class="gmw_">Here are studies focused on the importance of social media in our lives. According to <span class="gm_ gm_db3365df-ef51-1659-a8b3-aa08f8856d81 gm-spell">Asur</span></span><i> </i>el al.<i> </i><span class="gmw_">(2011, para.2),”social media development and the previous research about the popular topics in social media help to develop social media in the whole world.” Also, the author <span class="gm_ gm_2795c03f-687a-0dcf-31a7-8b432cecc741 gm-spell">Hajli</span> (2014, p.18), said, “Social media has presented new opportunities to students to use the internet in their research.” </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In addition,
the </span><a href="http://www.usnews.com/topics/author/ryan_lytle"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">author
Lytle</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> (2011, para.1), says, “Facebook
provides an online job hunting platform for students”. We agree with saying
that the social media are very important these days. we could measure this
important during our survey.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">On the other hand, studies have studied the negative effects of social
media on the society. The author Moore (2011, para.2), introduced the topic of "Texting,
social media affecting teen sleeping patterns." He believes that teenagers
keep their phones with them; therefore, they tend to wake up and check their
phones frequently during the night.</span><span style="background: white; color: #666666; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Facebook users’ personal information is stolen
when filling names, addresses, cellphone numbers, and other kinds of
information for online surveys. In our survey, we think there are differences
between undergraduate and graduate in social media use.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">There are studies that try to show numbers and statistics about
social media and relationships that with students. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There is study that was conducted by Sponcil
& Priscilla (2014); the purpose of this study was to examine social media
use among college students and how it affects communication with others, and
college students' self-concept. This study depends on Pearson correlation
between usage of social media and self-concept; students completed a
questionnaire which assessed personal use of social media, communication skills
with friends and family, and effects on self-concept. Results indicated that
all of the sampled college students were using at least one form of social
networking website where author said that" a .586 Pearson correlation
between usage of social media and communication with family and friends.” These
findings provide implications for future research on why these social networking
sites have gained popularity. </span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Another study discuses intention for using YouTube to share video,
where the author wrote about “</span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Predicting
the determinants of users’ intentions for using YouTube to share video:
Moderating gender effects. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">” (Yang, 2010, para.1). It tries to analyze gender differences
in choosing YouTube to share videos. The results of a survey “among 206 male
and 135 female video sharers on YouTube show that perceived ease of use and a
positive attitude are significant determinants of the intent to use YouTube to
share videos” (Yang, 2010, para.1). In our survey, we may make a comparison
between Texas Tech University males and females students about social media</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Moreover, there is study
that was written by McAndrew and Jeong (2012, para.2) that measured the
relationship between age and sex on Facebook. Also, it included</span><span style="background: white; color: #666666; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">284 males and 735 females;</span><span style="background: white; color: #666666; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">it found
females use Facebook more frequently than males. In addition, there
is a study that was presented by Joiner et al. (2014, para.1) called “Publically
different, privately the same: Gender differences and similarities in response
to Facebook status updates.” <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They made a
hypothesis that says “women use affiliative language more than men on
Facebook statuses; this study consisted of 388 females and 207 males”. The result
was the determination that the females post and publish more than males. In our
survey, we will focus on using Facebook and Twitter between TTU students.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Hypotheses:</span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">This
study put hypotheses to examine finally; these hypotheses are: </span></div>
<ol style="direction: ltr; list-style-type: decimal;">
<li style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"><div style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> The
uses of social media differ between graduate and undergraduate students.</span></div>
</li>
<li style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"><div style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">There
will be no difference between males and females about using social media.</span></div>
</li>
<li style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;"><div style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">TTU
students use Facebook more than Twitter. </span></div>
</li>
</ol>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Methods:</span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">This study concentrates on all kinds of social media such as
Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Instagram, Pinterest and Snapchat. We tried to
discover which one of the social media were used more than the others. Texas
Tech University students were used in this study as samples that could be
generalized to all universities in the United States. Texas Tech University is
located in Lubbock, which is an average city, and includes 33,111 students on
its campus (TTU, 2014). All the technical and communications methods are available
in the city, which help students use social media.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">We are a group that contributed the survey on the campus of Texas
Tech University. We designed a paper survey which contained 21 questions about
gender, nationality, and education level (graduate / undergraduate). In
addition, the survey offered several questions about social media; all of them
revolved around the question of how Texas Tech University students used social
media. However, our group consisted of nine persons who collected a sample
survey of Texas Tech University students. Some of us handled the survey by ourselves
where are they worked between TTU buildings to ask students, and others went
online where they used social media to collect the survey.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">The survey included 152 students; 80 of them were females and the other
72 were males. Also, the survey showed 59 graduate students and 85
undergraduate students; another point was that the survey included 120 American
students and 32 International students. American graduate students were 39 and
American undergraduate students were 75. Also, the survey covered international
graduate students, who were 20 and International undergraduate students, who were
10. That means the largest category on our survey was undergraduate females
students. (See figure 1).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div align="center" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-no-proof: yes;"><img border="0" height="294" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAnYAAAEpCAIAAACRBvgRAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAAlwSFlzAAAOwwAADsQBiC4+owAAKBFJREFUeF7t3U9sHNd9wPFhdRDiKBAQwNQfs1QOuz4IdCPHadWuZB/r7NJpmCBlCCQFYcTahY2g3CAWWyi0E1iMEVIxQCZpAq7tqkIaYMOkDmub3PZqhGu7lp20IHjw8lDRlFjn0EscBC4gse/Nv53dHe68Ge7szux8B0LCHb4/v/d5z/pp/u0MXL169be//a3GhgACCCCAAAJBBQYHB0UynZ6edjYwMDc317QraPvUQwABBBBAIKEC8/Pzrcn0jxKKwbARQAABBBAIWYAUGzIwzSOAAAIIJFWAFJvUmWfcCCCAAAIhC5BiQwameQQQQACBpAqQYpM684wbAQQQQCBkAVJsyMA0jwACCCCQVAFSbFJnnnEjgAACCIQsQIoNGZjmEUAAAQSSKkCKTerMM24EEEAAgZAFSLEhA9M8AggggEBSBUixSZ15xo0AAgggELIAKTZk4H5p/txA63ZucSv04VUKer92V1uLbpG4BCfrVEThQsUZo6zeuMf8bWO7rkW8xyqC7YaJdyCUQACBaAiQYqMxD5GPYn1P32oLGS2/Zvy8tz6VCjvuykops1BzdJWacovEDKg5vLRqeJVCujhiDUu0spEzE/G+KVm1ZY9yYbffoTBpBgEEggmQYoO5UasrAlvvbmgj93YnkV/MWkNKTV1byJRWGg5/uzJcOkEAgT4TIMX22YR2dTjyLK7jnKp1SCb+/9zionGG11nAPOnbUKf5LK5RRz/dKppJF6taKbdvhU4NNn06Uy1ecaRUeay8lNXkwa0egBWPPVrn0Wd9WCuOgFoGq1dZtM5z6y02ti8q25U44dypuaUdBHoqQIrtKX/MO89edB7tba0uV/NjxrFgtVjU9BOva/lSzkpQOWOXPA/rcsnScbJ2baSYLlREnrPOS4t0F+YmepJxtvybILtkBtDmlHilkCsZp85rpzdKZpQinboOtrSsXTNU9JTe1L5oakOeFZcFRoqTXbjSHSYqbSOAgKaRYlkFBxBIjY7bZ1SdGVYTF2yNtCizcHWzpjl+m5qayVeXV5tulZLnhK0EnR3Laxvvhn8vlWPk2SXzeq6VaxXveNIvFhvnmOW4jBb3HWxmfFQ/6y0Om93VJZXOttSNK90HmHmqIoCAigApVkWJMvsJ1HOsSCuamWsaCqfuHbHSpX2cmLOO9hwla5vVzGnr/iR55tZMNt2213OtOHgtzaocRcp/GLhvroNtf11ZdL2mtR5Ld1uA/hBAoGMCpNiOUSazIXnoJu8MkhnWPERrhHDcsWTfiux2N3JDVm3It8FhHendbMS14aZLyqKo/JeDUo6XPbhvbQe775Csg2l5LK14HB2ch5oIIBC2ACk2bOG+b1+c1S2tLDZnWOsgsHKlqF+gbTil7PZwqkxW1l284uxrZ24kFrFVHRc15XVT61ytY170S8rOy8Nbi5PF+iG5dcraEaE8E2w0oPdg3Cm1tThrHp17DrZhUVjty/uheKy27/97YYDJEiDFJmu+wxitzLHF4shMw1Oy+ZHNtLx9SN7Ao1+VlbcUmWdB08vjxr6GTd77I55Hbah04HDluVdx75R5I5MMxu3OJXkDsaPYgAzQKKcfzor6+hGlkYplW5PauHnZVb9lyQjbsdNzsNbAnO3LSlasNtuBBWgAAQR6KDAwNzc3PT3dwwjoOvYC8umazRn5lIuxNX+O/QAZAAIIIOAlMD8/35pMOYr1YuP3XgKNtxJ7leb3CCCAQGIESLGJmeowBqp/s6/87sGQH1wNI3baRAABBMIWIMWGLdzX7ZvfGNyUYM3vRurrkTM4BBBAwFuAFOttRAkEEEAAAQQCCJBiA6BRBQEEEEAAAW8BUqy3ESUQQAABBBAIIECKDYBGFQQQQAABBLwFSLHeRpRAAAEEEEAggAApNgAaVRBAAAEEEPAWIMV6G1ECAQQQQACBAAKk2ABoVEEAAQQQQMBbgBTrbUQJBBBAAAEEAgiQYgOgUQUBBBBAAAFvAVKstxElEEAAAQQQCCDQNsVWCuZ7Ns3/01+aKTbHfl4hHQCdKggggAACSRBom2LF+6ztbS2v5cf0F4JWCvJ90fovagtacXJxKwlQjBEBBBBAAAF/AoonircWZ0tWhl0p5WemUno3qamZfHV5lRzrD53SCCCAAAJJEBiYm5trfVF788jFmeHZ07V1mVjFG0LTmzN71uvLxMdJ7Zr+m+atXC5vb28bew8dOnT79u0kgDJGBBCItcDw8PDExESsh0DwPRGYn59vTaYqKbYhq6qnWOcgXfvuiQKdIoAAAggg0HEB1zSncKK4cqVYNU8St8ZU26x2PFAaRAABBBBAoA8EvFNsZaWUWbio3+gkt9ToeKY0a97iJC/RZsZHXc4S9wENQ0AAAQQQQOAgAl4pVr/Pybq7ycixU+trI8W0/hxPujiy5nod9iAhURcBBBBAAIF+EPBKsSKh2rc22eN1PMxj3fbUDxaMAQEEEEAAgQ4KeKXYDnZFUwgggAACCCRJgBSbpNlmrAgggAACXRQgxXYRm64QQAABBJIkQIpN0mwzVgQQQACBLgqQYruITVcIIIAAAkkSIMUmabYZKwIIIIBAFwVIsV3EpisEEEAAgSQJkGKTNNuMFQEEEECgiwKk2C5i0xUCCCCAQJIESLFJmm3GigACCCDQRQGVl9l1IBxeZqeO+L9Pf0q9cG9LfvyZd3obAL0jgAACEREI+jK7iIRPGAgggAACCMRKgBPFsZougkUAAQQQiI8AKTY+c0WkCCCAAAKxEiDFxmq6CBYBBBBAID4CpNj4zBWRIoAAAgjESoAUG6vpIlgEEEAAgfgIkGLjM1dEigACCCAQKwHvFFspDFhboWKMzbHr3OJWrMZLsAgggAACCHRJwCPFimSa09b2zG0payTY3MZCTd9VW9CKkyTZLs0V3SCAAAIIxEqg/bc7iQy7MrZnZFZra9wnPs2erq1PpVpHXS6Xt7e3Y6URiWAf+6AciTgUgnjhyIRCKYogECeB4eHhiQkWdpymLCKxun67U9sUu7V4bnJZq1arxgjyayLbin3pzRk77coi2jXXFOscNl+gqL4I+AJFdStKIoAAAhERCPQFitWRGfMs8Vq+lLMuxkZkRISBAAIIIIBAdAW8b3eyYs+O5V2GUds0D3GjO0QiQwABBBBAoBcCbVNsanQ8U1oxbiPeWpwtZU6nNX3frHmLk75zfNTlQmwvxkKfCCCAAAIIREig/VFsaurawkZOf2YnXRxZ0y+5pqbW10aK6cadERoRoSCAAAIIIBAJAa8TxSKhNj6yI6POLln7mu42jsSQCAIBBBBAAIEoCHil2CjESAwIIIAAAgjEUIAUG8NJI2QEEEAAgTgIkGLjMEvEiAACCCAQQwFSbAwnjZARQAABBOIgQIqNwywRIwIIIIBADAXaf0dxxwbEFyiqU/IFiupWlFQXYF2pW1ESgQACgb5AMUA/VEEAAQQQQAABTeNEMasAAQQQQACBUARIsaGw0igCCCCAAAKkWNYAAggggAACoQiQYkNhpVEEEEAAAQRIsawBBBBAAAEEQhEgxYbCSqMIIIAAAgiQYlkDCCCAAAIIhCJAig2FlUYRQAABBBAgxbIGEEAAAQQQCEWAFBsKK40igAACCCDQPsVuLZ4bqG+FiulVKdg7zy1ugYgAAggggAACrQLeR7H5tT1zW8rq9SuF3MZCTd9XW9CKkyRZFhYCCCCAAAJBUmxzncpKKT8zldJ3p6Zm8tXlVQ5kWVoIIIAAAgg0C7R/mZ04UZwuVs064nBWHMfKXZsz8id9Ex8ntWvrZsptaL1cLm9vb0PuV+CxD8p+q/Sq/AtHJnrVNf36FWBdKYoNDw9PTLCwFbUoVhdwfZmd8vtixfXXnCaSbFo5xTrteV+s+krkvZ7qVpRUF2BdqVtREoEAAgd7X2x2LK9tvNtySri2aR3kBoiIKggggAACCPSvgPftTubYxSVYbeTelJYaHc+UZs1bnLYWZ0uZ8VHjwiwbAggggAACCNQF2qdYx9M5+llieQE2NbW+NlJM64/tpIsja67XYSFGAAEEEEAg6QLtU2x2yXpgZ8++wUmIOXZbtz0l3ZHxI4AAAggg0CSgfKIYOQQQQAABBBDwI0CK9aNFWQQQQAABBJQFSLHKVBREAAEEEEDAjwAp1o8WZRFAAAEEEFAWIMUqU1EQAQQQQAABPwKkWD9alEUAAQQQQEBZgBSrTEVBBBBAAAEE/AiQYv1oURYBBBBAAAFlAVKsMhUFEUAAAQQQ8CNAivWjRVkEEEAAAQSUBUixylQURAABBBBAwI+A8vti/TTaWpb3xar78V5PdStKqguwrtStgpV87bXXglWkVvQFHnroIc8gD/ZKds/m2xYgxar78VehuhUl1QVYV+pWfkveuHFjd3f39u3bQ0NDfutSPvoCOzs7hw4dOnHixKlTp9pEe7BXskefgQgRQACBXgiI/HrXXXeJ/HqHrR8FxMyK+RWzHGBxcS02ABpVEEAAAVNAnB8Wx69Hjx4Vn/sxvzCmO2JmxfyKWQ5wLYAUy98UCCCAwIEEBgcH/0/fSEd9KWBMrpjlAKuE250CoIVbhWtm4fomtXXWVUgzL45sjh075mh895VvPlnWJr73nc+eEHv1T/99/hs/ffxTRpl3fvzl53Ymvvc17Ydif73aJya+8edvPGfv+YRZ36gui1lNyPq/MuvVm3Xp1A5BxvBD7WtGPE2bs/3vDf2LI3C91s6Q9qtfOaIUtT9x/nzjvnaR7xODM9p6BHZoji7METoLmTSNI24cY4vGfsP3uSbef//9Nvc9cS3WJyfFEUAAAQWBhkO3W2+9vnf+/N7rb93Sd+/t7Z06f/69X7xsfLz18i/eO3VK7JT7v3TlJ/Z2efS4Y8+Vs68/+eProvyx0ctXvnRKliyckbUvffk57etWpa9rb8oyslmXTode/4HZqdGd6wGms3091MZa93zust6ZGYP88fLn7lGK3KU1K4aGaEUELV0UCk2jfvL1s5bV14fKT14SA1NtX5+C/Ybv86BbYS00F1E6Uby1eG5gYKBQsSpXCuKjsZ1b3ArQK1UQQACBvhFw/kV98603tLOPPDB04423bsr9t/c07eQDZzXj4/WVnw2dPatpe7fl/r3bzprOPYPHhzQrJ9b3y7bHv3tB5FpjO3PB/Nm100fGhn62oqfg1r5c+9VDda/lbEEx8v1ba47WCKap2fpHYaaNP54btAf93XGpqd5+++E7KP7GbXNSBVixCil2a3FyeXwhbzdeKeQ2Fmr6vwtqC1pxkiQbwJ0qCCDQNwKOv4Vvvv2m9mdnjp15IHPjzbf1HCtT6bHs5+5Zfvntm6+u7Pz16Bm5R+6/sfz3k9b29Ks39ZJmU2+/tX7q5DHzg7VftH3jnuPWXs9O75x57G/3FpfeNmPY/4DN7lf/wb2WIzbVyPdrrZXICM3ZhePjzVs7p4SoI/xjx++5sSMOY/eJ1n0K9h9+/TdXr15tWpNiT9gpVk+w16burWfYlVJ+Ziqlf05NzeSry6scyPbN3xUMBAEEfAvU/xbefefNvT+9X+SDTz7wFzfefGf3zh1NHoxo8nP1+5d+fvKvPnPM2CP+d/iLz75obU/r+2/8/NKj+rZy8lmxx2jXbEH/Yfjk8dZcsW+ndz75yBd3VlZ37Rasurur3zL6+dbqbkP7MlS3Ws4WFCO3qjTH0Bpt0zBbR61H5djEZ/2Pa7T7a6hkWTEf9vSLn5uq+F4ZmuZxu5M4RTypXVufSolzwytje0tZTexJb87In/TNLtDad7lc3t7eDhBTwqs89kE5LgIvHJmIS6jEybpSXAPDw8MTEz4Wtrjd6WMf+5jR+P9ULj/1Uv0vveEvXH7q/l9ffl678FT2uPzdrc8+/9Uz4gex54L2vLHfDsvY7yxpN2qW/M2LF145edlZx6tTPaRV7dO3rjf25bRw9muF1FzLLmMMUiVyRzFna1orkWHQ1Gz9Y8uoWwA92renQHEFaGJ2Ljwvpqdl+93vfuf3dqe2KdaRTgOkWGd4fLuT8uRq3PmpbkVJdQHWlbqVr5IixX70ox/Vq7z/b7NP73526dFP6p/+82rhlRPPGKl0RhykWpsoZafY1v3GHlH3R9oTRktGeX2/7OCX95j7Zamr2qO5XY9OZVtv/PHnn3H25Ryh3b6jIyOCei3nrxqKWeO2x2hH7t7a/b9ujdYIrKnZplFf/7QVv+zgphiNaKkOa0fr1n7rFPiaYEfh3//+935TbNtrsbXNqlbK6bc15Uryp9abm2QRNgQQQCDBAubpxN13rmtjn7nPOrl43/1n37v+zm7TJUb7KuOe9t4vny7Y22zFWfK+yW+P3fxRYbbym4pIqu/Jkv/4mzt37v7LS/p+c/vR3v33eXd63+Tj8gYr99Oku872naE21Wq8FqsSecPArdbco225FtsQlT7qB65bVj/ae/zHl/7y7sZrt+3bd1JLxsBbgDWu+lysfRSrnyleHq+Jk8f6aWL757adcxSrPjccbahbUVJdgHWlbuWrpDiKPXz4sK8qFI6pwIcfftjRo1hXhtTU+tpIMa0f26aLI2t6rmVDAAEEkiog/uY1tsCHR1SMsoA9vwEWuMJDO3qr2SX7Dif9g7VZtz0F6JoqCCCAQOwFnIc1Uc4TxBZYwF6jKq+0a1rQqik29v8dMAAEEEAgHAFxRs9oOPBf4lSMsoAxufYs+1pEpFhfXBRGAAEEmgUefPBB4/jGPr3HD/0kIGZWzK+Y5QBLX/V2pwBNO6twu5M6ILelqFtRUl2AdaVuRUkEAgjwGoAAaFRBAAEEEEAgoAAnigPCUQ0BBBBAAIH2AqRYVggCCCCAAAKhCJBiQ2GlUQQQQAABBEixrAEEEEAAAQRCESDFhsJKowgggAACCJBiWQMIIIAAAgiEIkCKDYWVRhFAAAEEECDFsgYQQACBTgp85YXN1j/ODsQryvQXg4oXmA04XhEqPhYqopz4tf6aFccmiuuF7U0v2FjUftfoPs3WI9ALmC3s152Mwm6xIaL6O019diQDsMbYSe9It0WKjfT0EBwCCPS1QCajFa8Y6dLexNvM9K8frC1kMgs1/UfjhWbWJ7Gj/gIWa6d8AZqdNt2atdrfWpzdyOczpRWz2327MyuIrCjfWWp9I6Lsp55l/XTU1xO53+BIsYmcdgaNAALREBgfz5dydmo8QEzZsbyj9v7Nbq0ua+MXL47Xc2zbTkVCLuWd7yzNLq3lq8ur4iBc3zrW0QGGHuWqpNgozw6xIYBAvwuMipRVmpXnjT23qvmibsfJ5Xqdykopczptf96vWT3DjqZSUzN5+zi2Xce1zaqzWVk0fTpT3axZlTrVkefo41mAFBvPeSNqBBDoF4HsxYXWs8Vug7NPFBvnjY3Nyruzp2vO3eK93m7NmhlW1BNHvYqZ3cu5ax15BRLF35NiozgrxIQAAgkS0A8pZxffDTRkI+/WRJaebDoUdmm2cqVYtXJyrqQ5Tvju13fjIatequXAtiMdBRp89CuRYqM/R0SIAAJ9LqAfCBZLwUeZmrrmcijc3Kw8mWzeQCXvXmq4qLpP36lRcdXWcbFY3FycK+VnHIfRsmIHOgo+9kjX9Eixjnu16/eQGbeaG5tjb6THSXAIIIBAdwT++bHTrX88upYHgp7R2ddiHY/c2JXMQ8nGa7qNzcoMK67D2lXEuWLv41hxw3FtYSNn/ZWv31xcv5/ZastHRyWrrURkj/avZK8Uzr17UT+/L3JtenNGlxUJ1jrrL/cK8MYrAG7rhFeye/7XYxfg1dnqVpRUF2BdqVtREoEAAgFeyZ5dsrJn/ey7+IeQfZZA/svF+19BAWKlCgIIIIAAAnEXaH8Uqx+8FqtykPk14+SA43BW7hYfJ7Vrroex5XJ5e3s77kDdj/+xD8rd7zRYjy8cmQhWkVrdF2BdKZoPDw9PTLCwFbUoVhdwPYr1SLF2bfuUsFY/Y+yRYp32nChWX4mc0FO3oqS6AOtK3YqSCAQQCHCiuN7LfqeExQnkAKFQBQEEEEAAgT4TEN8u3TSitncUO7+xWVyC1UbuTWn6LdzWV5HI79ZquEOtz7wYDgIIIIAAAsoCGT8pVjzrZN+rndPMi7HiFm75PdD6Ldzp4ojzyyuVo6AgAggggAACfS/Q/rlY6xUM8illx5NQ2SXrpQsuz0f1PRkDRAABBBBAwE2g+cop3+7EOkEAAQQQQKAjAr5OFHekRxpBAAEEEEAgkQIcxSZy2hk0AggggED4AqTY8I3pAQEEEEAgkQKk2EROO4NGAAEEEOi0wNT6elOTpNhOG9MeAggggAACugAploWAAAIIIIBAKAKk2FBYaRQBBBBAAAFSLGsAAQQQ6KSAeONC6x9HB85vptXfVjZQqFi/Fr8ztsb3leu766U6GS1thSpAig2Vl8YRQAABZYFKIbexUNO/PG9m84qdd8WXwW/k85nSir1HuUUK9liAFNvjCaB7BBBAoFUgu2R/Z+3W6rI2fvGieAELOTZ2S4UUG7spI2AEEOhTgeyS8Y6VhrPEeoYdTckXipJjYzfxpNjYTRkBI4BA3wro71ipjS/X86yZYcWIs2N5+0WifQvQbwMjxfbbjDIeBBCIvMDGu1ttYpSvOFvLV5dXRaHKlWK1ar49NFfSjJ1ssREgxcZmqggUAQT6QkAcjVaL1s1MMoXmx7L6wMTNxdZdw1vvbmgj96a0ykopY94AJW+CshJvXzgkYhCk2ERMM4NEAIGuCXz8mXda/zh7zy7VFjZyxsM58hZi68YmcblVM3eniyNrYrfMsOI6rF1ZZmeOY7s2kx3oiBTbAUSaQAABBPwIyFPB5rY+Vc+gmn4p1tj0vCs+N/y+dYefXinbfQGvFOv6ILS9s/n56O7HT48IIIAAAghEVKB9iq0UZk/rz0HXFrTi5KJxmd3xdLRzd0QHSFgIIIAAAgj0RqB9is0umScpUqPjGTNAcXEgP2Oe2pBPanFloDczR68IIIAAAhEXGJibm5uenvaKUtzplt6ckVcH6j/pdcTHSe1a49UCs7Fyuby9ve3VMr9vFnjsg3JcUF44MhGXUImTdaW4BoaHhycmWNiKWhSrC8zPzx/+178TV9mdKEop1plW1VOssxvRt0IiZ7akgPgC8bhAiNsm4xIqcbKuWAMIhCqgp9h/bXoru9ftTvpxanp53L6tvCnE2mY11KBpHAEEEEAAgZgKeKRYce+wPEHsOBEsr8raX+IlXgDR+NRWTBUIGwEEEEAAgY4LtE2xMoNqWsl8Ftp8XaF4oMv4pmqxycejXa/DdjxOGkQAAQQQQCBmAm1TrOPx6Pqz0GKAzY9Hx2zMhIsAAggggEAXBLyvxXYhCLpAAAEEEECg/wRIsf03p4wIAQQQQCASAqTYSEwDQSCAAAIIxF2g6YkdMRxSbNznlPgRQAABBCIqQIqN6MQQFgIIIIBA3AWUvt3p4IPs+bc7feWFzYOPojstfH/7K93p6OC98O1OrKuDr6LWFlhXYajSZtgCrmmOo9iw2WkfAQQQQCChAqTYhE48w0YAAQQQCFuAFBu2MO0jgAACCCRUgBSb0Iln2AgggAACYQuQYsMWpn0EEEAAgYQKkGITOvEMGwEEEEAgbAFSbNjCtI8AAgggkFABUmxCJ55hI4AAAgiELUCKDVuY9hFAAAEEEipAik3oxDNsBBBAAIGwBUixYQvTPgIIIIBAQgVIsQmdeIaNAAIIIBC2gEKKrRQGBgYKFUck+h5jO7e4FXaItI8AAggggEAcBTxSrEymK2NreefQKoXcxkJtT261Ba04SZKN48QTMwIIIIBA2AIeKTa7tLe3lG0IorJSys9MpfR9qamZfHV5lQPZsKeJ9hFAAAEE4ieg9L5YcSy7Mmam2q3Fc+nNGTvvio+T2rV1M+U2jL9cLm9vb0eE5L8+/khEIvEMI0bvi33hyITncPq7AOsqjPnt7boaHh6emEj6wg5jWvu+Tdf3xYaYYp2gvJJdfXnFKMXy6mxeya6+sNVLsq7UrSgZHYFQXsle26xGZ4REggACCCCAQHQEFO4obgw2NTqeKc2atzhtLc6WMuOjxoVZNgQQQAABBBCoCyjcUTwwkCtppZz1hE5qan1tpJjWH9lJF0fWXK/DQowAAggggEDSBRTuKNYfz9E3K5vK+4zNrel246RzMn4EEEAAAQQsAd8niqFDAAEEEEAAARUBUqyKEmUQQAABBBDwLUCK9U1GBQQQQAABBFQESLEqSpRBAAEEEEDAtwAp1jcZFRBAAAEEEFARIMWqKFEGAQQQQAAB3wKkWN9kVEAAAQQQQEBFgBSrokQZBBBAAAEEfAuQYn2TUQEBBBBAAAEVAVKsihJlEEAAAQQQ8C1AivVNRgUEEEAAAQRUBEixKkqUQQABBBBAwLcAKdY3GRUQQAABBBBQESDFqihRBgEEEEAAAd8CpFjfZFRAAAEEEEBARYAUq6JEGQQQQAABBHwLkGJ9k1EBAQQQQAABFQFSrIoSZRBAAAEEEPAt4D/FVgoD1nZucct3h1RAAAEEEEAgGQJ+U2ylkNtYqO3JrbagFSdJsslYJ4wSAQQQQMC3gM8UW1kp5WemUno3qamZfHV5lQNZ3+hUQAABBBBIgsDA3Nzc9PS04lC3Fs+lN2f2lrJGefFxUru2bqbc5jbK5fL29raxV5xaFse9ir1QDAEVARaVihJl/AocOXLkiSee8FuL8gjMz8+7JFORYvXTvkpbbSGj5dfsouJjxjxr7FHdVy9KoVAo8QIsqsQvgVAAWFehsCagUdeV4/NEceM/VGqbVf7lggACCCCAAAKuAv5SbGp0PFOaNW9x2lqcLWXGR40Ls2wIIIAAAggg0CDgL8WKW5zW10aKaf2pnXRxZG2/67DNykePHgUegc4KsKg660lrhgDripXQQQGfKVb0nF2yT6pbtz15x1MoFLwLUQIBPwIsKj9alFUVYF2pSlFOQcB/ilVolCIIIIAAAgggQIplDSCAAAIIIBCKACk2FFYaRQABBBBAgBTLGkAAAQQQQCAUAVJsKKw0igACCCCAACmWNYAAAggggEAoAqTYUFhpFAEEEEAAAVIsawABBBBAAIFQBEixHWcV7x+yX1o/oL+13vEWe/GbQkXv0ijW9FZ7o6RZQi+m73HukHtaCtgdNpTs+NBoMFICnVpC1jJjFUVqegmmLwRIsWFMY/39Q9Y3TDreSFT/TqxMPq81vHBXvI43k8k4IhLfA72Rz2dKK0Za3mdzbTyMcdFm1AQ6tYTEuFhFUZtc4ukHAVJsL2fx9Ni4VrxipU+ZTxdmxp0ZdnVZG794Ubx7oX2O7eUY6LunAiyhnvLTOQIeAqTYMJZI1XxTQv0Ur72n8cxwWr66yEyfWzKfjqabM+xoKjU1k2+bY/dpPIyR0WbUBDqzhMSoWEVRm1ri6QcBUmwYs1g/52adFbb3NL2bqJ4+K1eKIzNTzlcDGjlX7smO5e13CLrEu1/jYQyNNqMm0JEl5DxRrPr6rKhBEA8CERQgxfZ6Usz0KS7D5seyzmBEzq1aRxa5klZtuGrb66jpP0ICLKEITQahINAgQIrt+YIQf0GKTJrbWLjYmGHFrU8LNfvFgWt5cmzPpyqqAbCEojozxJV4AVJsd5ZA/eps4xM4svfsxYWMljFOCdubvLnYuUv+LWofx5Zy5vMVxpXddo13Z3j00luBAy8hVlFvJ5De+1ZgYG5ubnp6um/Hx8AQQAABBBAIX2B+fr41mXIUGz48PSCAAAIIJFKAFJvIaWfQCCCAAALhC5BiwzemBwQQQACBRAqQYhM57QwaAQQQQCB8AVJs+Mb0gAACCCCQSAFSbCKnnUEjgAACCIQvQIoN35geEEAAAQQSKcBzsYmc9i4O+rXXXutibwft6qGHHjpoE9RHAIFECrg+F0uKTeRa6Mqgb9y4sbu7e/v27aGhoa50eNBOdnZ2Dh06dOLEiVOnTh20LeojgEDCBPjqiYRNeK+HK/LrXXfdJfLrnZhsIlQRsAi713L0jwACfSLAtdg+mcioDUOcHxbHr0ePHhWBxSTD3hGhioBF2PE6uR21qSceBBCwBUixLIawBAYHB/9P3+KSYo1oRdhhidAuAggkTIBrsQmb8G4NVxwIHjt2zO5t95VvPln+b+PjJya+951PX69/NvZ948/feK6siV999oTcISr8UPva17Qf2tU07fw3fvr4p/RfOXbadc3W9eaNNgJv77//Pvc9BdajIgLJFOBabDLnvWejtg9eb7186cnXz175ibFdObvz1i3xHtxTX7L2iJ2XR4+LPeeHXv/By7f0evaLcu1iV7703nNf/vF1/Vcuda3Wrpx9/UlZ6iBbz8joGAEE+kuAE8X9NZ9RGo2V5K6v/Ewbfzw3aH4ezF3IDd7e07S92840KPecfGRs6Gcren40CjiLDeae+e74ey+9ctO9rtXa4PEhba99fv0bt81ZJUqKxIIAAjEWIMXGePIiHrqZtG7e2jn1Z2eONWW9Pe3G8t9PWtvTr968I3PqnTOP/e3e4tLb8jBWfjT/16p77Pg9N3ZuiZ2udY1Sb7+1fupkc2+NnV+9erWJTuwhxUZ8OREeAnEUIMXGcdbiEbOZtDR5zle/q3h39VuPyu1bq7ti5/AXn33R2p7+zDGr2Ccf+eLOil5A1KrXNRoTu/Q/rXVv/PyS3vajKyefFa15nSYWHduI4uem4vHwJUoEEIi8ACk28lMU2wDNvHX3sZPb/3FdXmG9++Gnnn/+8heGtTu3b4snZO40nii29tz98IVP/8fL1/WPTcVu3bw5fGLQte7wFy4/rze+vXPTK78avxfFBa3439bisSUncAQQiJYAKTZa89FP0Vip609yn997qbS2ax2I2ncyNVwyNfbqZQYffkR76aVtu5zZ0K9ffOqlk488POgoaf7G3jP48Def0P7hwou/VsuyS0tLrgX7aRYYCwII9FCAh3Z6iN/PXYuHdj7ykY/YI3z/35/99sp7xsc/Hvv2pTO/qX829j3+wNuval+99LD5oM9//dPjr5749le1F+1qej35a2dbbnX132tm4UDGf/jDH3hoJ5AclRBIrgDfUZzcue/+yEWKPXz4cPf77UiPH374ISm2I5I0gkByBHguNjlzHYmRikRlbGpnbXtfyg44EnwEgQAC8RfgWmz85zCSI3AeBfY+eapFYENyCBvJNUVQCMRPgBQbvzmLS8QDAwNGqGoJrveljGjtsOPiTJwIIBBZAVJsZKcm9oE9+OCDxuFg/RbiaP8kQhUBi7BjT88AEEAgGgLcURyNeSAKBBBAAIE4C3C7U5xnj9gRQAABBOImwIniuM0Y8SKAAAIIxESAFBuTiSJMBBBAAIG4CZBi4zZjxIsAAgggEBMBUmxMJoowEUAAAQTiJkCKjduMES8CCCCAQEwESLExmSjCRAABBBCImwApNm4zRrwIIIAAAjERIMXGZKIIEwEEEEAgbgKk2LjNGPEigAACCMREgBQbk4kiTAQQQACBuAkMLCwsiNdkxi1s4kUAAQQQQCBCAocPHxbJdHp62hnTgHj3SYRiJBQEEEAAAQT6RYATxf0yk4wDAQQQQCBiAqTYiE0I4SCAAAII9IsAKbZfZpJxIIAAAghETIAUG7EJIRwEEEAAgX4RIMX2y0wyDgQQQACBiAmQYiM2IYSDAAIIINAvAqTYfplJxoEAAgggEDGB/wf0QkPNduwwfwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_11" width="624" /></span></div>
<div align="center" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Figure (1)</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">This study depended on the survey to explain differences between
Texas Tech University students where there are many aspects about social media.
Some students preferred Facebook to Twitter, but others were in contrast to
that. On the other hand, some students posted on social media than more others,
and each group had particular interests different from others. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, we will discuss the results of survey
in the next section.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Results:</span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">We will view the sample of the survey that was taken from Texas
Tech University students by our group. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The survey showed the majority of this sample
was from American undergraduate students, who represent 95% of all Texas Tech
University students, and 5% were international students. Also, the survey stated
nearly 56% were undergraduate students and approximately 44% were graduate
students (Figure 2). For more details about categories of survey, there are 52%
female undergraduate students and there are 48% overall of the survey who were
male undergraduate students. We obtained several results from our survey which
showed differences between males and females, graduate students and
undergraduate students in Texas Tech University.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div align="center" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="border-image: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-no-proof: yes; padding: 0in;"><img border="0" height="279" src="data:image/png;base64,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" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_12" width="534" /></span></div>
<div align="center" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">(Figure 2)</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">There are several social media applications that were included in
our survey such as Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Instagram, Pinterest, Snapchat,
Ello, Vine and Google+. The user numbers of Texas Tech University students were
different from one to another in social media. We compared numbers of Texas
Tech University students who had accounts in social media; we found YouTube
obtained 24%, which was the biggest percentage, then Google+ got 19% of users
who were included in the survey, then Twitter took third place with 17%. The percentages
of users for Facebook, Instagram, Pinterest, Snapchat, Vine social media were
between from 11% to 7% of user percentages of those who were included the
survey. The Ello social media had the lowest percentage of users; it got 1% of users
of those who were included in the survey (Figure 3).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div align="center" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-no-proof: yes;"><img border="0" height="326" src="data:image/png;base64,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" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_13" width="492" /></span></div>
<div align="center" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Figure 3)</span></div>
<div align="center" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Moreover, the survey stated various results when we wanted to see the
interaction between Texas Tech University students and social media. We merged
numbers of students who post regularly and post /use occasionally to become
numbers of students who work on social media. After that, we found Facebook got
the highest number of users with 108 users of these who were included in the
survey, that means it got 71% of user percentages of those who were included
the survey.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The second social media
interaction was Instagram, which contained 73 of out 152, that means it got 48%
of user percentages of those who were included the survey. Snapchat had 68
users; that means it got 44% of user percentages of those who had accounts on
social media. Twitter, YouTube and Pinterest took numbers of users between from
40 to 45 users, approximately 26% to 29% of user percentages of who those had accounts
on social media, but Google+ and Vine got less than 20 users who were included in
the survey (Figure 4).</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></div>
<div align="center" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><img border="0" height="326" src="data:image/png;base64,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" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_14" width="492" /></span></div>
<div align="center" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">(Figure 4)</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">At this point, we will focus our analysis on Facebook and Twitter,
because they are popular social media in the world. Facebook has gotten the
highest number, for interaction in social media, when we wanted to divide this
number between males and females and graduate and undergraduate. In addition,
we noted that undergraduate students posted more than graduate students on
Facebook. Furthermore we noted TTU female students used Facebook more than TTU male
students (Figure 5).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Also, TTU students
used Facebook in different ways; most of them posted on Facebook (if we collect
students who chose “post regularly” and “post occasionally” together) and a few
students do not know Facebook (Figure 6). </span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span class="gmw_">On the other hand, Twitter got the same results that Facebook got, where undergraduate female students used Twitter more than undergraduate male students, but male graduate students used Twitter more than female graduate students. Combinations of numbers of the survey showed graduate male students worked on Facebook more than graduate female students used Twitter. Also, the undergraduate female students worked on Facebook more than undergraduate male students (Figure 7). Moreover, graduate students have accounts on Twitter more than undergraduate students, but the undergraduate students posted on Twitter are more than <span class="gm_ gm_33210cf8-6676-dcb1-1c35-f597cc174be8 gm-spell">gradute</span> students. </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Furthermore,
undergraduate students who not know Twitter more than graduate students (Figure
8).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Otherwise, we will illustrate numbers of YouTube social media,
because it took highest number in users who have accounts on it than other
social media. In fact, female students have accounts on YouTube more than male
students. Also, the undergraduate female students worked on YouTube more than
undergraduate male students (Figure 9).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>All this survey can be considered as a sample of university students in
the United States who used social media.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><img border="0" height="300" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAewAAAEsCAIAAACOoBeDAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAAlwSFlzAAAOwwAADsMBx2+oZAAAHatJREFUeF7tnT1vKsfbh5cnRRpLkU6RkgpcWK5S4k8ATuEKURzJKSKQ0kBzXKEUR25sNzidkaXI0lMgV24Mn8CUKSLk4kBFmSJVmhTR+c/s7MJi3mbNAjOz1+pIx17Py31f9/jHeHZ27szvv//+119/eVwQgAAEIGAYge+///6nn35abVTm6urq4uLCMMsxBwIQgAAEvOvr67X6/H9wggAEIAABewkg4vbGDsshAAEIeIg4gwACEICAxQQQcYuDh+kQgAAEEHHGAAQgAAGLCSDiFgcP0yEAAQgg4owBCEAAAhYTQMQtDh6mQwACEEDEGQMQgAAELCagJeKj25NMJlPrKT/Vd+EV3rWYAaZDAAIQsJaAhoiPbs8fy63qjIvV7tfguita6zuGQwACELCewFoR9yX8oX5ovac4AAEIQMBBAmsOwBJLJ+few0s916tlns6++tNucS/f6AcsxJR82Vy80+mMx2NV7ptvvvnvv/8c5IdLEHCaQDabrVQqTrtotHM6B2B54hTDcGVk7v9hq+AFCyfdavhVtJS4u+j2fIOrelnaPT+AAAQgkGoCOsq5cjll+Nr32iX/EWapLb86uR3NfGwVz6re4MvsPaM/1zAOAhCAgFsEVop48W7yIahm4mJdZcb93lPbOz6cvecWH7yBAAQgYDSBtQ82560Xy+PhVfKWL4kb7TbGQQACEHCDgK6Ii0l5+AAzMj9f+lDTDTh4AQEIQMB0Aroibrof2AcBCEAglQQQ8VSGHachAAFXCCDirkQSPyAAgVQSQMRTGXachgAEXCGAiLsSSfyAAARSSQART2XYcRoCEHCFACLuSiTxAwIQSCUBRDyVYcdpCEDAFQKIuCuRxA8I2EIg8tJ3JNvMBtb7Db492Um/PT/Pzfur63e0nZKI+Ha40ioEILCSwCSxDHllNhwpiPiGAKkOAQgkQCCa9XE6KY7cXXRzdvb8eqMSR64pOW1zweR7wzl9AiDiN4GIx2dGDQhAIFkCIoFYw2sN5amp4sDUfuPGT+jbq4n0M2rG3q32G3mZ0NfPSaOKTu4pW/qDo4evX0UShKBkpPqw5TXySrKnbUZuhs6Mbi/b4rjWt6e1Jutr4q0h4okjpUEIQGA9gSBTgZLWXP1FHHQ9lEvbInWBp7IUyJOuveqZn8XXP3ZPLLyMnh/7XqF8Ks+/lukMvPZTkMA9uJs7LRf8+r4gF1qfZHX/Zv/xefHN0Nah+iSxbnkHEV8/2igBAQgkTiBYE1ezXrXEIY+2ljNxdY2+DJZ0KqbaYaqaQO9lwSCzQe7wWMzKX4czdTVu9hslkXUy/CMgcXe32CAivkW4NA0BCOgQUPPryCRYCrIvvAsvUXKas22y9hHkGPO1v3CUn6mpc1O0Kj9A2pdv8pfpOLDXMoj4XvHTOQQgEBBQs2d/DUUtp0SXS8JdgJOFkXD6Pn04KZdLxPw9XG9RJdXq+uqbqn+5RlO8i6zIWxOYNdnuk/JDK2dzUp3RDgS2SeDvX3/YZvO6bX/4/IduUdPKiS0gpbZYTomsPvvPK/vS0Gq12m6HP53e9lOyqwp+deVTcM+/U6hWvXZbtCGm1MH0fFp9ek89GvW7Cm+GD0tlrejXBnDTUU5E3IBAYYJVBBBxq8Jlt7E6Iq61nKKeOsj9PeqKvHBl72tOdscW6yEAAQj4BDREXGzhfCy3wkfGUsJLg+DBgtxpeW7bYwAiDwEIQMAdAmtF3Jfwh/rhxGXx4KHa9LcFyd2dzap6nMAFAQhAAAJ7ILBmTVwspJx7D2K9X6ygPJ35m+3FU4HX5uSRxKTAvO2dTmc8Hu/BJ7qEwDYJ/PxPZ5vN67Z9f1DRLbpBuWw2W6nsoqMNbHS5qs6a+EoRjwj2O0Q8ilbHFJdDgW8OEeDBpkPBNN0VHeVcuZwyfO17wcuxYkuP+Gr+MaYswgUBCEAAAnsisFLE/fMK1CX2wIstmWJdRW6hn7zTJI8nCM4x2JP9dAsBCEAg1QTWPticoyOOqukeB2cX5BvHtp34lepo4zwEIOAcAV0RF5Py6etVkRm6dSd+ORdBHIIABFJNgDc2txJ+nn1tBasZjRJcM+KQCis2frCZCko4CQEIQMBiArrLKRa7iOkQgAAE3CWAiLsbWzyDAARSQAART0GQcRECEHCXACLubmzxDAIQSAEBRDwFQcZFCEDAXQKIuLuxxTMIQCAFBBDxFAQZFyEAAXcJIOLuxhbPIACBFBBAxFMQZFyEAATcJYCIuxtbPIMABFJAABFPQZBxEQIQcJcAIu5ubPEMAhBIAQFEPAVBxkUIQMBdAoi4u7HFMwhAIAUEEPEUBBkXIQABdwkg4u7GFs8gAIEUEFgj4qPbk0xwTTLdR+6JH9V6KaCEixCAAAQMJbBaxHs3j+Whn+1+2PIaN1O9Fpnvg4skm4ZGFrMgAIFUEFgt4sW7l3rO5zB87ReO8qlAgpMQgAAE7CGwJlGyWDrJN/rSHTH3Dibd03szt+d87nQ64/HYHhRJWvrzP50km3tvW/cHlfdWpd5SAqkKbjabrVQYRXv7ddBJlKyb7V4qt1haCSfmgU+9WqbkTdR9haM6puyN0xY6JiH6FqCa0iTBNSUSKbBDRzl1d6fk6s1q//F5NIuteFb1Bl/e3EwBWVyEAAQgYAiBlSIuJtqTzSe9p7Z3fKgWyCfXwpuGeIYZEIAABFJAYKWIFz+1BqVgh+F02URIe3jpraWkACMuQgACENgPgdXLKbn6S7iVMHys6XnFu8m96c39WE+vEIAABFJOQHdNPOWYcB8CEICAmQQQcTPjglUQgAAEtAgg4lqYKAQBCEDATAKIuJlxwSoIQAACWgQQcS1MFIIABCBgJgFE3My4YBUEIAABLQKIuBYmCkEAAhAwkwAibmZcsAoCEICAFgFEXAsThSAAAQiYSQARNzMuWAUBCEBAiwAiroWJQhCAAATMJICImxkXrIIABCCgRQAR18JEIQhAAAJmEkDEzYwLVkEAAhDQIoCIa2GiEAQgAAEzCSDiZsYFqyAAAQhoEUDEtTBRCAIQgICZBNaIuEhyH6ZiO7mdJESOJGiL3DXTQayCAAQg4DKB1SLeu3ksD/1kbMOW17jp+SR6tdKgNb17PhV3l0HhGwQgAAETCawW8eLdS10luB++9gtHeV/Dn9rVZnA3V29W+4/Pkym6iR5iEwQgAAGHCWSurq4uLi6WeSiWU/KNvvxptauyIss7r81JhmTx7bn3EEr9TDOdTmc8HjvMboVrP//TMcHx+4OKCWY4ZkOqgpvNZisVRtHehvD19fUKfVZmrRHxie1Su8XSykvd0xbxqN86puyN0xY6/vvXH7bQauwmP3z+I3YdKqwjQHDXEeLniRHQUU7d3SnLFk7EMkti9tIQBCAAAQjEJLBSxMUulJp6mOkvhXvHhzkvd1outC+Dh5mj28t2oXyqls25IAABCEBg1wRWinjxU2tQCrYYlrxgUTxXf+keN/L+7XzjuLtwPXzXbtAfBCAAgXQSWL2cIgTb32AoL/+xprqKd4vuphMgXkMAAhDYJwHdNfF92kjfEIAABCCwhAAiztCAAAQgYDEBRNzi4GE6BCAAAUScMQABCEDAYgKIuMXBw3QIQAACum9sbkhK572jDbswqjov9SUejo/3r4m3+b4Gfxt/fF/FZGvxOm6yPM1sTUc5mYmbGTusggAEIKBFABHXwkQhCEAAAmYSQMTNjAtWQQACENAigIhrYaIQBCAAATMJIOJmxgWrIAABCGgRQMS1MFEIAhCAgJkEEHEz44JVEIAABLQIIOJamCgEAQhAwEwCiLiZccEqCEAAAloEEHEtTBSCAAQgYCYB1167N+TlbN7MTny4GxJZ4RfBTTy4NLiMAK/dMzYgAAEIOE5g3XKKyJWsrpMgN7LnjW5Pgnvyv0kmZcdB4R4EIAABEwmsFvFe7fJoKPNpDlte43wi455X7S5IvWmif9gEAQhAwGkCq0W8eBfkss+dlgtOc8A5CEAAAlYS0HywKZZQ8q9NlfFeft3oB96KKbl/c8HV6XTG4/GOqfz54ccd97iwO0Oefd0fVEygkYgNhkRW+JKq4Gaz2UrFnVGUyFDcZSM6Dza1RDwq4TMOiBXzkrdcxqdldUxJBI0hexgM+T13KW+AIZE1R8RdCm4iv/tONqKjnOsebKqJ92N5uHC+XTyreoMvIyfp4RQEIAABCwisEXEx1ZbLKMHK+Jw/vae2d3yYs8BPTIQABCDgJIGVIj66vWx7XrsU7ihU2wknuw4zmmspToLDKQhAAAImEFgp4rn6S7iT0P9fLakU76Y3lz3UNME1bIAABCDgPoH1a+LuM8BDCEAAAtYSQMStDR2GQ8AGAmJb0fy/pA0Xa7zpfXccEU96ONEeBCAQk0D0KI/pAR8xG1lefH7/nOhwC/0kZnC8hhDxeLwoDQEIJEtAboETm5iDJ23D8uONv4GCS5cAIq5LinIQgEDyBOQWuGp3uolZ7KZQ2yXkZLlWk4ft+XPmyKa4yWl8k3u1p9Cw6LqK+lq+6BIe46caU++c9xv56bl+0z8FLFyVQcSTH5a0CAEIaBIYPT/2q2dLTu7ot72mmKD7Ch/ZFNc99k/j69VKg5Y6n+9oIPZCL7nEp8JwuqFO1n0+fRm2CgVZV314jG7Pwz8Ful7JOhlHxDUHG8UgAIGtEpjOq8PllELr01Tep5Plkq/Y4k3DQvnUf9MwV29WV5r2tu5sYflB4s/LxSXatu4ddER8q+OSxiEAgVUEcofHXvvJV2011+4ulmMxWW4cBwdgi2l0TKjr604P1176fnrMPndXHBHfHWt6ggAE3hIofmoV2qW1W0WGr/3CUd6v3LvxD1HNHxX6j8/+xhP1anl4BZ8J0Ztv684aIQ/aDipZGR9E3MqwYTQEbCHw/z8fzf+LGC/fCxcr1Wo1Q65nhGI942DxblKm5FXlbD1XfxCpavxq514znJyLclV1UMi5Vw4n9bm3dT2h235d9eEhmxqEp4us/TwxDrzWUbSbW61zoOLmvYgWDDmwlKNoE4lmtBFDIitMIriJB5cGlxHQUU5m4owfCEAAAhYTQMQtDh6mQwACEEDEGQMQgAAELCaAiFscPEyHAAQggIgzBiAAAQhYTAARtzh4mA4BCEAAEWcMQAACELCYwDoRn5xnEN0CHzlQzL6d8RYHC9MhAAEIvCWwWsR7tcsjdUyYeDdKHhwmr+nhYTO3YQsBCEAAAjsnsFrEi3fBOb/ydIHANnF4WLXpH+CoTg8Lzy/Yuel0CAEIQAACmq/dy2PUX5sy3f30Kx+e+Pbce5ge6R4h2ul0xuPxjhH/+eHHHfe4sDtD3sy+P6iYQCMRGwyJrPAlVcHNZrOVijujKJGhuMtGdF671xLxqHDri3jUVR1TEkFjyAkbhvyef/j8RyJUTWjEkMiaI+IuBdeEAWamDTrKue7Bpj/XlhnwVMqkuUucEGmm81gFAQhAIA0E1oi4zGEqllEiyyX+2buXwTNOeWRvmF0jDbTwEQIQgIBhBFaKuDpWXZ3OKy8/+Zw4/ndyOm9eJNtYuB5umJeYAwEI7InA37/+MP8vIVuiaZETanLazFYbT9LalSIuj2uPXuGSSiRn6ZJVliRNpC0IQMBdArNaKbNhWpGpWO23jl7C9P28NrN+Tdzd0YNnEIAABKwngIhbH0IcgICjBOQk/VZMzaeLub6jkzfGa08Tx6f57IN5vJwX12qyrpoeR14zV7eiNyIz6AWNR/9WUF/L3R61cJXZb07eafT705Rv/paQ6Dr09mKEiG+PLS1DAAIbEmg3xMYKccnMmUqep2+MD48GQX7k0e252EHnL/12vaCc5/Xbnqwrn9qJx3uDll+gW/UKrQdxK7IoLB7yBe+jL2p8gQdioXl4N1lpltWfT1+GrUJB9qGeEi42aUMai6sj4lvBSqMQgEASBKpd9diteBZkPRZvjIcb4uQL434fo+dHNQn2Ey17gy9qwbrQ+rR4Y7QybDpTFnXUtajxZV4sqB4pusSkJJDMtYGIbwUrjUIAAtoEQtXVrrCgYLU7mRkv2DCXOzwOVL408OfhcqYs9tapOmIOHb/r9dVXmxS/x2U1EPHkWNISBCAQm4CYY/cbN/5KiZgK3zT61bNV8+f8USE8rkltgRaX//LKU9DEQgN6T8FqSrja4YnXFAtH+Umnqtaixv0fBK1PehS3FlSPdL3epNigllZAxJNjSUsQgMAcAXE8wPy/aKni3bA1CF5GEfPkZS+HB1Vy9QdxpKq/dHLuNYMptLwZNhE8yJy1I38U1Jk8Iy3eTV53KXnVYK1mYeNi9VyuyKsey0FJLzdXXei234l6SrrWpOSGitbZKZt3p3MCwOa9iBYMOWGDs1MSiWa0EUMiK0wiuIkHd9sNij0l4lDtYJlFfPN0Jg/zs+HSUU5m4jZEEhshAIENCBQ/hbN3+ejTCx6WbtCgUVURcaPCgTEQgMAWCMy8fG7JJFwbAyKujYqCEIAABMwjgIibFxMsggAEIKBNABHXRkVBCEAAAuYRQMTNiwkWQQACENAmgIhro6IgBCAAAfMIIOLmxQSLIAABCGgTQMS1UVEQAhCAgHkENETcP2A3kmxjenrXJGWbeX5hEQQgAIFUEFifKFm8oiqO4H1zTc/ncm3jfCqijpMQgIAzBNaIuDw4HZl2Jto4AgEIOEdA6wCs2RNjVCKigISYki8T+U6nMx6Pd0zszw8/7rjHhd0ZckbS/UHFBBqJ2GBIZIUvqQpuNputVNwZRYkMxV02onMA1jtEPOKCUHdxmozGXF3HlETQGHLWnSG/5+II0ESomtCIIZE1R8RdCq4JA8xMG3SUU+PB5grnZM6kJLJymMkPqyAAAQgYT2AzERcp6bzjQ5kWlAsCEIAABPZAQGN3ip971E9soVJW+FsO1aW3lrIHt+gSAhCAQDoIaOxOmeQf/aoyY8gdK+HFzpV0DBO8hAAETCWw2XKKqV5hFwQgAIGUEEDEUxJo3IQABNwkgIi7GVe8ggAEUkIAEU9JoHETAhBwkwAi7mZc8QoCEEgJAUQ8JYHGTQhAwE0CiLibccUrCEAgJQQQ8ZQEGjchAAE3CSDibsYVryAAgZQQQMRTEmjchAAE3CSAiLsZV7yCAARSQgART0mgcRMCEHCTACLuZlzxCgIQSAkBRDwlgcZNCEDATQKIuJtxxSsIQCAlBBDxlAQaNyEAATcJIOJuxhWvIACBlBBAxFMSaNyEAATcJKAh4n5OzVov4n8ky6ZKu8kFAQhAAAJ7IaCRKPnprFuN2tarlQatoZ9lc9jyGufI+F4iR6cQgAAEBAGNRMlvkiH3ntrVpp8x2fNy9Wa1//jMZJyxBAEIQGA/BDJXV1cXFxerOxfLJ09nX5WYj25P8q/N4Bv/23Pv4SUQ9ZlmOp3OeDzesVt/fvhxxz0u7O638UcTzLg/qJhgRiI2GBJZ4UuqgpvNZisVd0ZRIkNxl41cX1+v1ectinjUVR1TEkHz8f41kXY2bMSQ3/MPn//Y0BFzqhsSWXNE3KXgmjPMTLNERzk1HmyudGv42jfNbeyBAAQgkB4CsUU8d1outC+Dh5mj28t2oXyqFsi5IAABCEBg1wQ0dqdkMqW21y6JfYb+fsJc/aV73MiLbzOZfOO4u3A9fNdu0B8EIACBdBLQ2J3ibyb0r1Cvi3eTW2+2rqQTIl5DAAIQ2BeB2Msp+zKUfiEAAQhAYJ4AIs6ogAAEIGAxAUTc4uBhOgQgAAFEnDEAAQhAwGICiLjFwcN0CEAAAog4YwACEICAxQQQcYuDh+kQgAAEEHHGAAQgAAGLCSDiFgcP0yEAAQgg4owBCEAAAhYTQMQtDh6mQwACEEDEGQMQgAAELCaAiFscPEyHAAQggIgzBiAAAQhYTAARtzh4mA4BCEAAEWcMQAACELCYACJucfAwHQIQgAAizhiAAAQgYDGBuCI+uj3xs2uqq9az2HVMhwAEIGA/gbgiLj2udsMUm2TYtH8E4AEEIGA1gczV1dXFxYW2D2Imnn9tftVR706nMx6PtVtOpuCfH35MpqHNWvlt/HGzBpKpfX9QSaYhA1oxJLKCRKqCm81mKxV3RpEBAzmeCdfX12v1+T0i3ugHdogpuY6ai9I6psRzbknpj/evibSzYSOG/J5/+PzHho6YU92QyJoj4i4F15xhZpolOsoZdzklV38J11K61XaJRXHTgo49EIBAugjEFfEIneJZ1Rt8GaWLF95CAAIQMIrABiLee2p7x4c5o9zBGAhAAALpIhBXxHu1yf7Ckqe9JJ4upngLAQhAYGcE4op48S5cEv+q+1BzZ77QEQQgAIHUEYgr4qkDhMMQgAAETCaAiJscHWyDAAQgsIYAIs4QgQAEIGAxAUTc4uBhOgQgAAFEnDEAAQhAwGICiLjFwcN0CEAAAog4YwACEICAxQQQcYuDh+kQgAAEEHHGAAQgAAGLCSDiFgcP0yEAAQgg4owBCEAAAhYTQMQtDh6mQwACEEDEGQMQgAAELCaAiFscPEyHAAQggIgzBiAAAQhYTAARtzh4mA4BCEAAEWcMQAACELCYQHwRjyRoO7klTbLFscd0CEDAAQJxRbxXKw1aQz9F27DlNc6RcQcGAS5AAAL2Eogp4iLDfbVZVxnuc/Vmtf/4zGTc3uhjOQQgYD2BzNXV1cXFhaYfo9uT/GtzkiFZfHvuPbwEov62jU6nMx6P1d1MJiPm7pq9UMwuAgTXrnjFsvbg4OCXX36JVYXCCRK4vr5er89CxKf569d9NWwVvGp3Ukp8WwjWVtbUjNXLOiv4uVkECK5Z8UjUGoKbKM7Yjenwj7mcMvsRM3ztJ/iZQ1MQgAAEIBCXQDwRz52WC+3L4GHm6PayXSifqgVyLghAAAIQ2AOBeCIuHma+dI8bebEKmsnkG8fdZevhbz357rvv9uAcXe6EAMHdCeb9dEJw98M9Tq8xRVw0XbybrOvcFXW7qtVqukUpZxsBgmtbxGLYS3BjwNpT0fgividD6RYCEIAABOYJIOKMCghAAAIWE0DELQ4epkMAAhBAxBkDEIAABCwmgIhbHDxMhwAEIICIMwYgAAEIWEwAEbc4eJgOAQhAABFnDEAAAhCwmAAivovgieMeSaCxC9Bm9EG4zYhDWqxAxGNFWvx6igMH3giyynVU68VqicJ7JqBCGVx8xO45GnS/AQFEPC68QrXqzaTCEIkyCoVC3GYov38C03OUdc8A2r/NWACBtwQQ8dhj4uis7DVuwnm3OMtx0GqWw1YiGUjfTthlken0j4l7bPBbr7AoOr3aye2t/6eW/8dWEN9w5k64tx4UOlhLABFfi2iuQF4eyPukVHz0/OiVT/OTMpHjwcRxj29SkI5uzx/LKkFp1ysh4/HRJ1ujH5zHqdbClkWn33g8kkHrVtulzKX8UmaXVZ/ihDvZiNDaewgg4u+gJrOLKhXv3TSOw5yjqqHpbK7UftO0EPx+qBvih4MvpCd9B/wEq0yXU8R5nMujE2SVzR+JtFZ+sOWx+kH0CHeC8aCp9xFAxN/FrXhWlckxZN7os+h5vGI2J05ZV2f1ylx2c1ckuR3rsO9Cv81KcaNDuLcZDdrWJICIa4J6U0youJhUlwatTzNnqouEdYUjtbgiJulvktf5eZGCZZj39Uqt7RF4T3QI9/biQcvaBBBxbVSzBYufxER7Ljtd8W6S+KjkiW0ss1eu/tAalNjV9k7kW672jugQ7i3HhOZ1CGRENuWLiwudopSBAAQgAIFdEri+vl6rz8zEdxkR+oIABCCQMAFEPGGgNAcBCEBglwQQ8V3Spi8IQAACCRNAxBMGSnMQgAAEdkkAEd8lbfqCAAQgkDABRDxhoDQHAQhAYJcEEPFd0qYvCEAAAgkTQMQTBkpzEIAABHZJABHfJW36ggAEIJAwAUQ8YaA0BwEIQGCXBDKtVuvff//dZZf0BQEIQAACOgS+/fbber2+umRGnJmq0xZlIAABCEDAQAIspxgYFEyCAAQgoEsAEdclRTkIQAACBhJAxA0MCiZBAAIQ0CWAiOuSohwEIAABAwkg4gYGBZMgAAEI6BJAxHVJUQ4CEICAgQQQcQODgkkQgAAEdAkg4rqkKAcBCEDAQAKIuIFBwSQIQAACugQQcV1SlIMABCBgIIH/AdRc25rvcak+AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_16" width="492" /></span></span></div>
<div align="center" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">(Figure 5)</span><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></span></div>
<div align="center" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><img border="0" height="248" src="data:image/png;base64,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" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_18" width="624" /></span></div>
<div align="center" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">(Figure 6)</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></div>
<div align="center" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><img border="0" height="305" src="data:image/png;base64,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" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_15" width="492" /></span></div>
<div align="center" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">(Figure 7)</span></div>
<div align="center" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><img border="0" height="292" src="data:image/png;base64,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" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_19" width="623" /></span></div>
<div align="center" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">(Figure 8)</span></div>
<div align="center" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><img border="0" height="230" src="data:image/png;base64,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" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_1" width="623" /></span></div>
<div align="center" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">(Figure 9)</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Discussion:</span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">In this section, we will try to explain survey results and find
some explanations for these numbers from the survey. The survey showed the
majority of this sample was from American undergraduate students, who represent
95% of all Texas Tech University students, and 5% were international students.
That result came like that because most TTU students were from the United
States which means they have American nationality.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Also, the survey showed that 56% were
undergraduate students and approximately 44% were graduate students because it
is knows that undergraduate students are more than graduate students in all
universities. Otherwise, the numbers from the survey indicated that 53% of TTU
females used social media, which is more than TTU males, because most of our
survey was from TTU females. Also, the result that female undergraduate
students were more than male undergraduate students referred to the fact that most
TTU students are females. The survey obtained several results from our survey
which showed differences between males and females, graduate students and
undergraduate students in Texas Tech University.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">According to the survey, 56% of TTU students, who were included the
survey, were undergraduate students; that means undergraduate students use social
media more than graduate students. Normally, younger people like fun and to use
any new things more than older people; that could explains why undergraduate
students use social media more than graduate students. Also, we noted that the
survey indicated that 53% of TTU females used social media, more than TTU males,
because the most sample of TTU students were from females. I think that has a
relationship with females psychology, because it is common that females are more
social than males. The behavioral female psychology makes them use social media
more than males.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is just trying to
explain the relationship between females and social media.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In focus on kind of social
media, we noted YouTube and Google+ had high percentages - 24% and 19% respectively
- of students who have accounts on them. The reason YouTube and Google+ had
higher percentages than other social media is there they request from users to
open accounts in their social media. On the other hand, the small percentages
of students who had accounts on social media were 1%, 7% and 7% for Ello,
Snapchat, and Vine respectively. Explanation of these decreased percentages could
be that these kinds of social media are new for users and some of them are more
complicated to use than others.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In spite of the fact that YouTube and Google+
had high percentages of students who have accounts, Facebook, Instagram and Snapchat
got high percentages of students who posted. Facebook was awarded the highest percentage,
which was 25%. This is a high percentage for Facebook because it gives its
users full options to design their website page and post on it what they want.
The other social media which had high percentage were <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Instagram, which took 17%, and Snapchat which got
16%; that could be cause to these kinds of social media allow their users to
post pictures and videos and share them with other users, which makes people more
active with other people. </span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">On the other hand, here we will try to understand the difference
between Facebook and Twitter. They are more popular than other social media; a comparison
between Facebook and Twitter is necessary to discover which one is more used
than others among TTU students. The survey indicated that 88% of TTU students
use Facebook, while 64% of TTU students use Twitter; that means TTU students
use Facebook more than Twitter. Facebook has special advantage of discovering
old friends for you because it displays persons had studied with you in the same
school or in the same job, or with same interests, and so on. Furthermore, TTU
undergraduate students are more likely to be working on Facebook and Twitter than
TTU graduate students. I think that is because Facebook is more fun than
Twitter, which is more to</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">exchange news
between its users.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Also, I noted TTU
graduate students were more likely to have accounts on Twitter than TTU
undergraduate students. I think that is because Twitter is more serious than
others, where users use it to exchange news and to know any new happening such
as any new science, technology or happened in the world.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Finally, all of information in our survey was
about on TTU students. We chose some important result and we tried to analyze
these results. There are many differences between females and males, and also
between undergraduate students and graduate students. In fact, each group of
TTU students had different interests from other groups. </span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Conclusion:</span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Social media is very important in
our lives. To discover this information, we made a survey, which included 152 students
of Texas Tech University; 80 of them were females and the other 72 were males.
Also, the graduate students were 59 students and undergraduate students were 85
students. In addition, American students were 120 students and International
students were 32 students. <b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></b>The
study showed differences between males and females and graduate students and undergraduate
students in Texas Tech University. Also, the survey indicated that TTU female
students used social media more than TTU male students. Furthermore, Texas Tech
University students who had accounts in social media YouTube obtained the
biggest percentage, then Google+ got many users, after that comes Twitter took
third place between other social media. We learned from the survey that TTU
students use Facebook more than Twitter where Facebook has more power than
Twitter. On the other hand, the results showed what normally happens among
university students, but the results sometimes were a surprise for us. However,
this social media study of TTU students was a small sample which included 152
TTU students, and gave us the general trends for using social media between TTU
students. The sample of TTU students should include at least 3000 TTU students
to get perfect results.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Reference:</span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<a href="javascript:__doLinkPostBack('','ss~~AR%20%22Al-Deen%2C%20Hana%20S.%20Noor%22%7C%7Csl~~rl','');" title="Search for Al-Deen, Hana S. Noor"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Al-Deen, H. S. </span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">& </span><a href="javascript:__doLinkPostBack('','ss~~AR%20%22Hendricks%2C%20John%20Allen%22%7C%7Csl~~rl','');" title="Search for Hendricks, John Allen"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Hendricks, J. A.</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> (2012). <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="citation">social media: usage and impact</a>. Lanham,
Md.: Lexington Books, c2012.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Asur, S., B. A. Huberman, G. Szabo, and C. Wang. (2011). Trends in
social media: persistence and decay. In 5th International AAAI Conference on
Weblogs and Social Media, 2011.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Burbach, C. (n.d.). ways social networking ruins friendship. About
Relationships.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><a href="http://friendship.about.com/od/Social_Networking/tp/Ways-Social-Networking-Ruins-Friendship.htm"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://friendship.about.com/od/Social_Networking/tp/Ways-Social-Networking-Ruins-Friendship.htm</span></a></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Boyd, D.M. & Ellison, N.B. (2007). Social network sites:
Definition, history, and scholarship.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i>Journal of
Computer Mediated Communication,</i> 13, 210-230.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Hajli, M. N. (2014). A study of the impact
of social media on consumers. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i><a href="javascript:__doLinkPostBack('','mdb~~bth%7C%7Cjdb~~bthjnh%7C%7Css~~JN%20%22International%20Journal%20of%20Market%20Research%22%7C%7Csl~~jh','');" title="Search for International Journal of Market Research"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">International
Journal of Market Research</span></a>. Birkbeck, University of London</i>.
2014, Vol. 56 Issue 3, p387-404. 18p.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Joiner, R., &. Stewart C., et al. (2014). Publically different,
privately the same: Gender differences and similarities in response to Facebook
status updates. <i>Computers in Human Behavior</i>, 39(0): 165-169. <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563214003707"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563214003707</span></a></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><a href="http://mashable.com/people/ryan-lytle/"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Lytle</span></a>, R. (2014). Social media
users are more charitable than you might think. Mashable website.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>http://mashable.com/2014/09/18/social-media-charity/</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">McAndrew, F. T., & Jeong, H. S. (2012). Who does what on
Facebook? Age, sex, and relationship status as predictors of Facebook use. Computers
in Human Behavior, 28(6), 2359-2365. <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563212002075"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563212002075</span></a></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><a href="http://www.digitaltrends.com/users/mmchugh/"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>McHugh</span></a> , M. (2013, Sep. 3). Why do
we hate Facebook Hashtags. Digital Trends <a href="http://www.digitaltrends.com/social-media/why-do-we-hate-facebook-hashtags/#!bNSzV7"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://www.digitaltrends.com/social-media/why-do-we-hate-facebook-hashtags/#!bNSzV7</span></a>.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Moore, E. (2011, August 19). Texting, social media affecting teen
sleeping patterns. The Daily Iowan. Retrieved (September 18, 2014).</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><a href="http://friendship.about.com/od/Social_Networking/tp/Ways-Social-Networking-%20Ruins-Friendship.htm"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://friendship.about.com/od/Social_Networking/tp/Ways-Social-Networking-
Ruins-Friendship.htm</span></a> </span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sponcil, M.& Priscilla, G. (2014). Use of social media by
college students: Relationship to communication and self-concept. Youngstown
State University. <i>Journal of Technology Research.</i></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Valinsky, J. (2013, April 30). You can soon access apps on Facebook
without handing over any personal information. The Week Retrieved <a href="http://theweek.com/speedreads/index/260800/speedreads-you-can-soon-access-apps-on-facebook-without-handing-over-any-personal-information"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://theweek.com/speedreads/index/26080/speedreads-you-can-soon-access-apps-on-facebook-without-handing-over-any-personal-informatio</span></a></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Yang, C., Hsu, Y., & Tan, S.
(2010). Predicting the determinants of users’ intentions for using YouTube to
share video: Moderating gender effects. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social
Networking, 13(2), 141-152. </span></a></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Texas
Tech University (2014). Texas Tech University web page. Retrieved
(October 10, 2014) <a href="http://www.depts.ttu.edu/officialpublications/facultyHB/general.php"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://www.depts.ttu.edu/officialpublications/facultyHB/general.php</span></a></span><u1:p></u1:p>weblog museumhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07113851247903847410noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7546854401587592256.post-16301962041800477832014-12-02T20:21:00.003-08:002014-12-27T11:40:13.981-08:00The Way Texas Tech University Students Use Social Media By Kubra Nur Aric<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Abstract</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-themecolor: text1;">This study shows how Texas Tech University students
use social media. This research paper was written after a survey was done with
152 students. Those students were chosen to be as close to %50 each as possible
in order to represent reality. They were asked many questions to discover how
they used social media and what their purpose using social media was. You will
find out about young people’s social media habits.</span><br />
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-themecolor: text1;">CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">“We
think therefore we are, we share what we are.”</span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Charles
Leadbeater</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">
In today’s world, technology is a big part of our lives. Most people spend many
hours using Internet. We could call using social media more than once per day
‘social habit’.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">
There are many explanations that define what social media is. “Social media is
the social interaction among people in which they create, share or exchange
information and ideas in virtual communities and networks” (Ahlqvist, T. &
Bäck, A. & Halonen, M. & Heinonen, S. 2008).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">The first social
media-networking site, ‘Usenet’, was created by Tom Truscott and Jim Ellis in
1979 (Bonnett, C. 2010). The second one, ‘MySpace’, was created in 2003 and
then Facebook was developed in 2004. Hereafter, the development of social media
started. In today’s world 1.73 billion people use social media websites. Those
numbers show us how the rank of using social media has increased by years.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">
Statistical information about social media is totally shocking. According to
Jeff Bullas (2013), Facebook has 665 million active users on a daily basis. If
it is compared with Twitter, Twitter has fewer users than Facebook has. But,
Twitter has more development. It has 44% growth between June 2012 and March
2013. On the other hand, YouTube has more visitors (1 billion monthly) than the
other social media networking sites.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">It is well known that young
people are more interested in social media than old people. One study shows
that 89% of people who are 18-29 years old use social media (Bullas, 2014).
However, older people are using social media more often as well. “60% of people
between 50-60 years old are active on social media” (Romeri, 2014, para. 2).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">
Social media is something that everybody has some idea about even though they
may not have an account on the sites. Obviously the way of using social media
depends on age, region, gender, etc. This research includes the difference
between females and males while they are using social media.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-themecolor: text1;">CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Social media is an
important part of our lives. According to Joy Baer, 22% of Americans check
their profiles on social media several times in a day (Baer, 2012). In the
research of social media, we decided to investigate the effects of Social Media
on Texas Tech students.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">
One study showed that 96% of UNH Whittemore School of Business students use
Facebook more than the other Social Media websites. The second website that UNH
Whittemore School of Business students check more is YouTube (Bart, 2009). We
wanted to know which social media sites Texas Tech University students are
using the most. Based on our experience, we are assuming that students are
using Facebook the most, you will see the results in the results section.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">According to a study,
keeping in touch with family and old friends is more important for women
(Smith, 2011). They like to find the old friends and have an interaction with
them. We wanted to know how man and woman use social media differently.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">It was also hypothesized
that women use social media emotionally (Joiner, 2014). We decided to ask Texas
Tech University students to know if they agree with this statement or not.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">
Studies show that every social media website has different ways of being used.
A study, which was done with the undergraduate students at a private
university, claims that students spend one hour checking their Facebook per day.
We wanted to investigate how many hours Texas Tech students use for checking
their social media accounts. The reason they check Facebook is to update their
‘Newsfeed’ and read what their friends posted (Pempek &, Yermolayeva &
Calvert, 2009). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">On the other hand Americans
use Twitter to connect with a public figure, for example, athletes, singer,
actor, politician etc. (Smith, 2011). In this research, we hoped to show the
reasons for Texas Tech University students using social media sites.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">
It has been hypothesized that using Social Media ruins friendship (Burbach, C.).
Young people want to share everything they do. When they meet they have
nothing to talk about, because they have already gotten updated from social
media about what they are up to (Moore, 2011). Also if they get a game request
from friends, they start to think about ‘unfriending’ them. We planned to show
how Texas Tech University students feel about their friendship with using
Social Media.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">
The above-mentioned statements were examined by asking Texas Tech University
students. After students answered the questions, my colleagues and I will take
a look and discover the young peoples social habits.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-themecolor: text1;">CHAPTER 3: METHOD</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Texas Tech University is located in Lubbock,
Texas. There are 28,632 undergraduates, 5,526 postgraduates, and 2220 doctoral
students study at Texas Tech University. (Texas Tech University Fact Book,
2014) Although most students are from Texas, Texas Tech University have
students who are from more than 100 different countries. That is why our
survey, which was done by Texas Tech students, fairly represents the way
American young people think about social media. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS"; mso-themecolor: text1;">My colleagues and I were wondering about
young people’s social media habit. S. Kaleli, M. C. Rios-Blanco, F. Almutlaq,
Y. Liu, F. Luo, S. Valipoor, X. Zhang and me decided to make a study about the
effect of social media on Texas Tech University students, so we started to
prepare a survey. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS"; mso-themecolor: text1;">When we prepared the survey, there were some
questions that we had to ask to people according to our hypotheses. Here are
some questions we wanted to learn about Texas Tech students’ social media
habit:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">-Which social media sites are
Texas Tech students using the most?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">-What are the reasons Texas
Tech students use social media sites?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">-Do women express their
emotions more on social media?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">-How many Texas Tech
students connect to public figures on social media?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">-Do they feel texting while
driving is dangerous? Do they avoid doing it?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">-Do they care about Social
Media events such as the Ice Bucket Challenge?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">-Do they think checking
social media websites affects their sleep?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">-Do they feel social media
ruins friendships?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">-Are they okay with the ‘Real
name’ policy on the websites?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">-How many times do they check
social media on a daily basis?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">-Do they share personal
information on the social media (such as relationship status)?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS"; mso-themecolor: text1;">We and our teachers, T. Leverett, R. Branch,
M. Gries, agreed that we should make sure that the study was going to show the
real facts about social media, so we knew that we should seek 50% female and
50% male to keep the balance. Since this study shows the way social media is
used by American young student population, we kept asking the questions to
those who were born in the USA.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For
additional information, the international students did our survey too. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS"; mso-themecolor: text1;">First of all we asked three general questions
such as gender, degree, and nationality. Then, we picked the most popular
social media websites to ask about. We ended up with questions that were
relevant about Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Snapchat, Ello, Google+, and Vine.
In overall, we asked 28 questions to evaluate students’ opinions about social
media. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS"; mso-themecolor: text1;">However, we did not ask only the way they used
social media, there were couple of questions to discover how using social media
affected their own personal life. Also, we asked what they thought about the
Ice Bucket Challenge. On the other hand, we asked if they believed social media
had bad impression on their relationships and friendships in their social life.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS"; mso-themecolor: text1;">At the end of collecting our surveys, we had
81 females, of whom 15 were international, and 71 males, of whom 16 were
international. We had 57 graduate and 87 undergraduate students.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Overall, we kept the balance as much as we
could. We reached 152 students who made our study done. According the data we
collected, we could say that we did our best to reach a fair representation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-themecolor: text1;">CHAPTER 4: RESULTS <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">After we finished collecting our surveys, we
realized that we could reach any information that we needed to discover the way
American students used social media. Actually we realized that we could have
many ideas about students’ social habit by using this data. Although, we did
not limit our survey only with Americans. To compare American students and
international students, we tried to find as many internationals as we could. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Using
this methodology, many results were found. It was hypothesized that females and
males used social media in different ways. We followed this statement and I
would like to highlight the results by comparing females and males. First of
all, it is important to say that we had 80 females and 72 males, which meant
the percentage of females was 52% and 48% for males. So, we kept the balance.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOtBiFodgjNPVjUG4VpYNi92w7ZxFoNDkGqIH1GvPwR_5PR8wictvWtsceIZDhdmMeE2zmt8myMSzSpL79lWuSfwCxhnShCr7cYhaG8bNu7vd2Gk8ZiQQgcTLNY4LBFMK62GU0yHc6iQ5r/s1600/1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOtBiFodgjNPVjUG4VpYNi92w7ZxFoNDkGqIH1GvPwR_5PR8wictvWtsceIZDhdmMeE2zmt8myMSzSpL79lWuSfwCxhnShCr7cYhaG8bNu7vd2Gk8ZiQQgcTLNY4LBFMK62GU0yHc6iQ5r/s1600/1.png" height="232" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">I would
like to divide our results into female and male. Our study showed that 32% of
female students posted on Facebook regularly; on the other hand 23% of male
students posted statuses on Facebook regularly. It is a fact that females use
Facebook more than males. Also, it was found that the percentage of female
students who did not have Facebook accounts (6%) was greater than of male
students (4%). Also, 20 female students and 8 male students spent more than an
hour at Facebook. So, we could say that women spent time on Facebook more than
men did. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">We asked
the students what they thought about Twitter. 66% of females have an account on
Twitter and they post it regularly. This number is almost same with males. 63%
of males post on Twitter regularly. 15% of females stated that they usually
post pictures. Obviously males did not like to post pictures, because only 2%
of them stated that they post pictures. When we asked if they used hashtags on
Twitter, 27% of females and 37% of males stated that they used hashtags offen.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">The
study showed that 81% of female students have an account on YouTube, and 20% of
them used it occasionally. However, this number is the same as that of male
students. 81% of male students used YouTube daily. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Certainly
there were questions about the other social websites. We also asked about
Instagram, Snapchat, Ello, Vine, and Google+. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>According to the data, the percentage of using
Vine, Snapchat, and Instagram is higher with females than males. Surprisingly
only one female undergraduate student and 3 male students had an account on
Ello. The rest of them did not use it or did not know about it. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQUu8SDE487kB9ltULrC0ufgXJurU-E6wdkuFjwpCnd39IuU77frYqrAUi_if9un-wa4yqHDU7z7DKCVX7QzzG8c7pHOi1QB3SEvicIMNfjN1RF_2WVyD5AGQQl7myq1eR7NzbO7q4iy7Q/s1600/2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQUu8SDE487kB9ltULrC0ufgXJurU-E6wdkuFjwpCnd39IuU77frYqrAUi_if9un-wa4yqHDU7z7DKCVX7QzzG8c7pHOi1QB3SEvicIMNfjN1RF_2WVyD5AGQQl7myq1eR7NzbO7q4iy7Q/s1600/2.png" height="257" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">For
additional information, the study showed that 78% of female students thought
females used social media more emotionally. Obviously male students did not
think the same way.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Only 59% of male
students stated that they thought females used social media emotionally.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">It was
found that females and males thought differently when it came to the affect of
social media on the relationships. 20% females stated that they thought social
media had good effect on the friendships, but this percentage is higher with
males. 36% of males thought social media affected friendships in a good way.
However, it was found that most of females (70%) and most of males (55%)
thought social media did not have any effect on the friendships.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">It was asked
that if the students believed social media had good effect on the grades. Only
2% of females and 1% males thought social media were good for the grades.
However, 31% of females and 18% males stated that social media had bad effect
on the grades. The study showed that most of Texas Tech students believed that
social media did not have any effect on the grades.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">There
was another question about the ‘real name policy’ on Facebook. We wanted to
know what Texas Tech students thought about that. Most of females (62%) and
most of males (77%) stated that they did not agree with the ‘real name’ policy
on the Facebook. Also, 70% of females and 76% of males used their real name
instead of using nicknames on the social media websites.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-themecolor: text1;">CHAPTER 5: DISCUSSION</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Before
we started our study, we created some hypotheses so that we could follow these
statements and come up with the answers. At the beginning, my colleagues and I
had several hypotheses, but everyone followed different hypothesis to discover
the way of Texas Tech University students’ social media habit. I, personally,
focused on the difference between female and male students and the way they
used social media at this research. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">One of
the hypotheses stated that women used social media more emotionally. What we
found after the survey was that both girls and boys agreed with this statement.
Our study showed that we were right at the beginning. But I am still wondering
about it. How do girls use it emotionally? When somebody likes their picture,
does it make them happy? Or, when they read bad comments about them, do they
get sad easily? Maybe we should do another survey to investigate how exactly
girls and boys use social media different. Because our study showed us most of
students, 92% of females and 70% of males, stated that they used emotions while
they were texting. According to data, we could stick on that hypothesis;
females used social media emotionally. But it is just one difference between
females and males. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Also,
we thought that we could figure out which social media Texas Tech students use
most. Our study showed that Texas Tech students used Facebook most and than
Twitter. These results were exactly what we were expecting. It is well known
that Facebook and Twitter are more popular than the other social media
websites. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">However,
we knew that Ello was not that popular, and the results did not surprise us.
There were only five people who knew about Ello and had an account on it. We
may study about it. We are curious about the reasons they do not use Ello. They
might have never heard about it or they may have checked and did not like it.
Also, they might not have had time to try a new social media website. However,
we could assume that the students did not want to try it. Those are possible answers,
but still I am wondering why they did not get along with Ello. What was missing
on that website? Obviously, we need more information to discover the reasons of
avoiding having an account on Ello. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Also, we
believed that Snapchat was very popular among Texas Tech students. I,
personally, have seen many people using Snapchat all the time. Whenever an
important event comes such as football game or something happens on the campus,
they all take a snap, which means quick photo. The fact that not too many students
used Snapchat was shocking. 65% of females and 50% of males stated that they
used Snapchat. I was expected that 80% or 90% of them used it many times in a
day. The things I have seen do not match with our study. Either I may be wrong
that they were taking ‘Snaps’ or people may have given us wrong information. In
that case I would like to investigate why Texas Tech University students pretend
that they do not use Snapchat. Is it something that we are embarrassed to say
that we have an account? In my view, it is absolutely worth studying about it. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>However,
based on our experience, we have seen many people texting while driving, but
most students stated that they thought driving and texting were dangerous,
which was very surprising for us. Only one female and two male students thought
checking social media or texting while driving was not dangerous. However, it
was found that 62% of females and 52% of males stated that they checked their
phone while driving. We ended up wondering why they were doing it if they
thought it was dangerous. Also, we could say that some of them must feel guilty
about it because some people stated that they used their phone only at the stop
signs. I thought it meant they knew texting while driving was wrong, so why do
they keep doing it all the time? We may need more study to investigate their
behavior. It is obvious that the reality and the information that we got from
our survey do not match. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>There
was another result that was not expected. We knew that in some countries people
use Twitter and Facebook to connect with public figures, but there was not many
Texas Tech students who used the social media websites for this reason. 85% of
females and 50% of males stated that they never connected with public figures
on social media websites. It is obvious that male students were interested with
public figures more than female students. We may do another study to find out
what the reason is that they do not use Twitter for reaching public figures. In
the past, fans wrote letters to those whom they loved and sent them by mail. It
is well known that Twitter has replaced fan letters. But, we could assume that
Twitter has not replaced fan letters in United State of America. I, personally,
believe that Twitter is a perfect way to have a chance to talk with famous
people, because most famous people answer the questions they receive from their
fans. All we need is to find their account and mention the question. It seems
very easy. Since many public figures consider the bad and good comments about
them in my country, I am very interested in this situation. But this is not the
only explanation; we could assume that Twitter had negative interaction so that
people would not want to associate with Twitter. As we said before, we need
more information to discover the reasons. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>We
were curious about the reason that Texas Tech students used social media; we
found that most of them used it to update their status and follow their
friends. In today’s world, many people fall apart from their friends and from
their family, sometimes. I believe it is a great way to reach some old friends.
Since I am an international student who lives in America, I use social media to
follow what is new in my friends’ life. Texas Tech University students stated
that most likely, they posted pictures and sent messages. Well, we never
considered the way of using Facebook for texting. So this information shocked
us. But overall, we could say that young people use Facebook for communicating
with friends. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>On
the other hand, we knew that Ice Bucket Challenge was really popular for a long
time. We have seen many famous people doing it; not only them; some of our
friends followed this trend. So, we asked what they thought about it. For sure,
most students knew about the Ice Bucket Challenge, and almost half of them
(48%) stated that they thought it was good. However, 27% of them thought it was
pointless. I would say that this statement is totally surprising for me. When
we discussed it during class, we all agreed that it was pointless. Obviously,
American students do not think the way we think. Based on my own experience, I
could say that many of my friends challenged by other people and they took a
video and showed the awareness of the disease </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amyotrophic_lateral_sclerosis"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">amyotrophic lateral sclerosis</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"> (ALS).
But, I knew that none of them donated money to the organizations. That is the
reason that I thought the Ice Bucket Challenge did not have point. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>There
was a question to investigate that social media affected on the Texas Tech
students’ social life. We asked the students if they published their
relationship status on the social media. 43% of female students and 23% of male
students stated that they updated their status when they had a relationship.
Obviously male students did not like to show their relationship status. This
information pushed us to ask more questions. We would like to know the reasons
they were hiding their relationships. Did males think publishing relationships
is bad? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In
the end, we could say that we have gotten any information we needed by
collecting the surveys. All of data were useful to reach the results, but some
of results showed that there were many questions we had to ask to investigate
the way of Texas Tech University students’ social media habit deeply.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-themecolor: text1;">CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-themecolor: text1;">Overall, I could say that it has been a long
process for my colleagues and me. We started thinking how it would be useful to
discover American young students’ social media habit and we started our study.
It was not as easy as we expected. First of all, we had to make a decision about
which hypotheses we wanted to follow. Then, we needed to figure out how our
survey should look, and which questions we should include. We worked on the
format and we tried to make it as clear as it was supposed to be. For sure, we
faced some problems while collecting the surveys. Some people did not want to
volunteer to fill the survey out, or some of them did not want to spend their
time. Also, we saw that some students did not answer some question; in that
case we had to hand another survey out, because we would not want having missing
information because of the lack of data. So we could say that we have been
through a complicated process.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-themecolor: text1;">In the end, we believe
that we have all the information to understand American young students’ views
to about social media. We found some surprising knowledge that we would not
expect. Our study showed us that asking correct questions to people we could
have any information that we needed. We believed that our study was useful and
deserved further study. Also, since our survey was done with 152 Texas Tech
University students and we were careful with the numbers, we could say that
this research paper is fairly accurate and represents the way Texas Tech
University students use social media.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-themecolor: text1;">REFERENCES<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Ahlqvist,
T., Bäck, A., Halonen, M., Heinonen, S (2008). Social media road maps exploring
the futures triggered by social media. VTT Tiedotteita – Valtion Teknillinen
Tutkimuskeskus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Bart, M.
(2009, Dec. 30). Do college student spend too much time on Facebook,
YouTube and other social networking sites? <i>Faculty Focus.</i> Retrieved
(October 2, 2014) </span><a href="http://www.facultyfocus.com/articles/edtech-news-and-trends/do-college-students-spend-too-much-time-on-facebook-youtube-and-other-social-networking-sites/"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://www.facultyfocus.com/articles/edtech-news-and-trends/do-college-students-spend-too-much-time-on-facebook-youtube-and-other-social-networking-sites/</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Baer, J.
(2012). 11 Shocking New Social Media Statistics in America. <i>Convince and
Convert. </i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Retrieved<i> </i>(October
5, 2014) </span></span><a href="http://www.convinceandconvert.com/social-media-research/11-shocking-new-social-media-statistics-in-america/"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://www.convinceandconvert.com/social-media-research/11-shocking-new-social-media-statistics-in-america/</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Baer, J.
& Falls, J. & Shaefer, M. & Webster, T. (n.d.). The Social Habit:
Social Media Research Retrieved (N.D.) </span><a href="http://socialhabit.com/about/"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://socialhabit.com/about/</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Bonnett,
C. (2010, May 17). A Piece of Internet History<i> Duke Today </i></span><a href="http://today.duke.edu/2010/05/usenet.html"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://today.duke.edu/2010/05/usenet.html</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Bullas,
J. (2013). 21 Awesome Social Media Facts, Figures and Statistics for 2013. <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Retrieved<i> </i>(October 7, 2014) </span></span><a href="http://www.jeffbullas.com/2013/05/06/21-awesome-social-media-facts-figures-and-statistics-for-2013/"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://www.jeffbullas.com/2013/05/06/21-awesome-social-media-facts-figures-and-statistics-for-2013/</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Bullas,
J. (2014, January). 22 Social Media Facts and Statistics You Should Know in
2014. <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Retrieved<i> </i>(October 7,
2014)</span> </span><a href="http://www.jeffbullas.com/2014/01/17/20-social-media-facts-and-statistics-you-should-know-in-2014/"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://www.jeffbullas.com/2014/01/17/20-social-media-facts-and-statistics-you-should-know-in-2014/</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Burbach,
C. (2014, August) Ways Social Networking Ruins Friendship <i>About Relationships
</i>Retrieved (September 25, 2014). </span><a href="http://friendship.about.com/od/Social_Networking/tp/Ways-Social-Networking-Ruins-Friendship.htm"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://friendship.about.com/od/Social_Networking/tp/Ways-Social-Networking-Ruins-Friendship.htm</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Joiner,
R. & Stewart, C. (2014). Publically different, privately the same: Gender
differences and similarities in response to Facebook status updates. <i>Computers
in Human Behavior,</i> 39(0): 165-169. </span><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563214003707"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563214003707</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kaplan
A. M. & Haenlein, M. (2010). The challenges and opportunities of Social
Media. <i>Business Horizons </i>Retrieved (October 13, 2014) from </span><a href="http://www.slideshare.net/escpexchange/kaplan-haenlein-users-of-the-world-unite-the-challenges-and-opportunities-of-social-media"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://www.slideshare.net/escpexchange/kaplan-haenlein-users-of-the-world-unite-the-challenges-and-opportunities-of-social-media</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Moore,
E. (2011, August 19). Texting, social media affecting teen sleeping patterns. <i>The
Daily Iowan</i> . Retrieved (September 18, 2014) from </span><a href="http://friendship.about.com/od/Social_Networking/tp/Ways-Social-Networking-Ruins-Friendship.htm"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://friendship.about.com/od/Social_Networking/tp/Ways-Social-Networking-Ruins-Friendship.htm</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pempek,
T. A., Yermolayeva, Y. A., & Calvert, S. L. (2009). College students'
social networking experiences on Facebook. <i>Journal of Applied
Developmental Psychology</i>, 30(3), 227-238.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Romeri,
M. J. (2014, February). New Social Media Statistics You Need to Know. Retrieved
(October 11, 2014) from </span><a href="http://www.socialmediatoday.com/content/new-social-media-statistics-you-need-know"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://www.socialmediatoday.com/content/new-social-media-statistics-you-need-know</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Smith,
A. (2011, November 15). Why Americans use social media. Retrieved (October 3,
2014) from </span><a href="http://aosresourcecenter.com/file_depot/0-10000000/390000-400000/398422/folder/1145143/WhyAmericansUseSocialMedia.pdf"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://aosresourcecenter.com/file_depot/0-10000000/390000400000/398422/folder/1145143/WhyAmericansUseSocialMedia.pdf</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Social
Networking Reaches Nearly One in Four Around the World (2013, June 18)
Retrieved (October 5, 2014) from </span><a href="http://www.emarketer.com/Article/Social-Networking-Reaches-Nearly-One-Four-Around-World/1009976"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">http://www.emarketer.com/Article/Social-Networking-Reaches-Nearly-One-Four-Around-World/1009976</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.5in;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Texas
Tech University Fact Book. (2014). Total Enrollment by Gender - Fall 2014. <i>Enrollment.</i> Retrieved
(October 30, 2014) from </span></a><a href="http://www.irim.ttu.edu/FactBook/Enrollment/ENRSEX.aspx"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">http://www.irim.ttu.edu/FactBook/Enrollment/ENRSEX.aspx</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<br /></div>
<!--[if !mso]>
<style>
v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
.shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
</style>
<![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:AllowPNG/>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml><![endif]-->
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves>false</w:TrackMoves>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>JA</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/>
<w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/>
<w:OverrideTableStyleHps/>
<w:UseFELayout/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="276">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]-->
<!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
<!--StartFragment-->
<!--EndFragment--><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<br /></div>
</div>
</div>
weblog museumhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07113851247903847410noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7546854401587592256.post-18637462045236605292014-12-02T19:25:00.000-08:002014-12-27T11:42:25.802-08:00Communication through social media: Evaluating people’s perception about language stereotypes (MCRB)<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Abstract<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Language use by
gender and age is commonly reported to have differences. The raising of
internet and social media as the dominant communication tool in the present
also shows different characteristics in language use. However, with new tools
as emoticons, photos, updates and abbreviations inside modern language, it is
important to know how people perceive it. We presented a survey to 152 Texas Tech
University students and some other non-students in Lubbock to see how they
perceive the use of language in social media. We found that most of the people
disagree with traditional stereotypes for males and females about language use.
Nevertheless, we also found that the use of emoticons, abbreviations and status
updates follow these stereotypes suggesting that people didn’t realize how these
differences among genders really reflect previous reported stereotypes.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; text-indent: 35.45pt;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Introduction<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Nowadays, keeping
in touch with friends and relatives is more important than ever in our history.
Technological advances in communication let people write, talk and even have
video conferences with people thousands of miles away. In this technological
growth, social media have become one of the most important tools to interact
between people. Social media have also changed completely the way we
communicate with each other. Language change is probably one of the most
interesting aspects of those changes. Differences between sex and age show the
beginning of a new era in communication, when people 25 years and older learn
and adapt to the social media, while people between 16 to 18 years old have
used these resources since they were really young (Schwartz et al. 2013). In this paper we want to look into social
media language differences among Texas Tech University students. Also we want
to go further in understanding how social media as one of the most important
communication strategies today is perceived by the students.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Literature
review<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Social media
captures more interest every day. More than 1/7 of the world population uses
Facebook or Twitter (Schwartz et al. 2013). This growing pattern of use of
social media allows people to communicate with others and express themselves in
a more personal way. Also, according to Alter (2014) in social media the way
they want to be perceived by others seems to be more important to people than
their real thoughts. The combination of high interaction between people in real
time and expression of feelings, mood and status updates, allows researchers to
obtain a high volume of information when personal and common language is used
(opposite to books that are written in an impersonal language) (Argamon et al.
2007).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Language
differentiation between gender and age has been an interest of many researchers
for a long time. Usually the hypothesis in this topic states that is possible
to identify with some grade of certainty the age and gender of a writer based on
the word use (Mulac et al. 2013). More recently it has been reported that other
good predictors of gender and age will be style and topics (Pennebaker &
Stone 2003; Argamon et al. 2007). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">When it’s related
with sex, articles, prepositions and informational words are used mainly by
males, while females use personal pronouns, auxiliary verbs and emotion words
more than males (Argamon et al. 2007; Schwartz et al. 2013). It’s also been
reported that males use more possessive words (like “my”) and object references,
and women use adjectives to describe their partner and talk more about
relationships (Argamon et al. 2003). When the comparison is based on the social
interaction, females post more photos and are more interested in other people´s
relationships; males tend to look for the number of friends and professional
achievements (McAndrew et al. 2012). In terms of age, younger people use
emoticons, abbreviations and words related to real time status (like <i>home, fun, beer</i>); in older people topics
related with professional development, politics and family increase their
importance (Argamon et al 2013; McAndrew et al. 2012; Schwartz et al. 2013).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Despite the fact
that language studies are common, and the behavior according to age and sex
were well described, there is no evidence of how people think about these
statements, or whether people are conscious about differences between ages and
sex in language use in social media. The study of age and gender relationships
with language in social media is far from over and new data is available every
day. Also we want to look into Texas
Tech students´ perception of the social media as well as the language used by
females and males in two different age groups (undergraduate and graduate
students). Finally like no other studies before, we wanted to go further in
these language stereotypes and ask people how they think about that. We want to
know whether people agree to the general statements that were made in terms of
language use in social media.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Methods<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Study site<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The university
chosen to make the research was Texas Tech University (Lubbock, Texas). The
university hosts 13 colleges and more than 150 courses (n.a. Texas Tech Facts
2014). Although most of the students are from Texas and southwestern United
States, the school has students from all the country (95%) and more than 106
foreign countries (5%). The enrollment for fall 2014 was more than 34,000
students (Table 1) (Cook 2014). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitaJD7mQCPxjS8_-1bshNQWpX6jhcyYQZbYmWcDIthVUFLg9PkFmzr4oYlENukVauOv48UOazxdECTBD78CC7xRgRsjW-VVzMuLXChoC70RzqP610C2Djt1di1Wjjq-D-CzN9qFSRWJ8FQ/s1600/Table+1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitaJD7mQCPxjS8_-1bshNQWpX6jhcyYQZbYmWcDIthVUFLg9PkFmzr4oYlENukVauOv48UOazxdECTBD78CC7xRgRsjW-VVzMuLXChoC70RzqP610C2Djt1di1Wjjq-D-CzN9qFSRWJ8FQ/s1600/Table+1.png" height="130" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Agreement<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">In order to obtain
the information for this study we made an agreement. Each member of the
research did at least 10 surveys. The conditions of these surveys were that the
surveyed people had to be Texas Tech students, from the United States. The
distribution by genders were 50% of each. Each extra survey collected could be
of any kind of people (international, not student, graduate or undergraduate).
No one of the research members helped or gave advice to answer the survey and
each person was free to answer or not the questions of the survey.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Survey<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The survey was made
according to the suggestion of all of the members of the research team. Each
question was selected in order to test different hypotheses. The survey first
asked about gender, if the person was an international or American, and if he
or she was a student. The next section of the survey had 21 simple
multiple-choice questions and three complex multiple-choice questions about
different activities in social media. The questions used for this research were
numbers 16 to 21 (see appendix 1). The survey had a printed version and an
online version (made by S. Valipoor) with the same structure and questions. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Data analysis<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">We systematized all
the information (paper and online surveys) and we built a matrix where each
question was categorized and standardized. The surveys that presented incomplete
demographic information (sex, student type and whether the person was American
or International) were excluded from the matrix. We used all surveys with
complete demographic information in the analysis. In order to compare between
student type and gender, we calculated the percentage of people who answered in
all the questions. To facilitate the representation of the results we made
graphs for each question where differences were shown. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Results<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">We obtained 152
surveys with complete demographic information. Around 15 additional surveys
were not complete and they were not taken into account. The distribution
between genders was almost 50%. This percentage was similar in American,
International, undergraduate and graduate people (Table 2). In terms of
graduate students (59), this group was less represented that undergraduate
students (85); however, the distribution by gender in these two groups was
similar.<span style="color: red;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3GkfMn_JUhS6Ajv-7WRVbFxibt1KDUonDzDenEX3obJc8S3DNjzS0K6CgSmbz2xw3hZXhztrq4KJ2Tx1QVdN2njxddxyp1G6mpxowSNMktlV7C_N_x6dz0PfB4cMYXvKGAC1pAzuv002E/s1600/Table+2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3GkfMn_JUhS6Ajv-7WRVbFxibt1KDUonDzDenEX3obJc8S3DNjzS0K6CgSmbz2xw3hZXhztrq4KJ2Tx1QVdN2njxddxyp1G6mpxowSNMktlV7C_N_x6dz0PfB4cMYXvKGAC1pAzuv002E/s1600/Table+2.png" height="86" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">When we asked in
the survey about people’s opinion of typical stereotypes of language use in
social media, most of the people agreed that the emotional words were used more
by women than by men (Figure 1). However, the opinions about emotional words
use by females were more evenly distributed among males (yes 27% vs. no 20%)
than in females (yes 41% vs. no 11%). In
addition, females thought that they used more emotional words than males’
opinion about female emotional word use (Figure 1). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEis6bMTYgYbcjcdhsznKkgMIGlbOi1mtCjUzyYiUh38f1bdckt9n_asUTjVYtFVNdKrG5AH2WE_u6nzz4JdVcwN3lslAf4TCCCp-XcOsf06TZ85yZtxhGsojGAP5GEuVUfLabhhDdfj9Nf8/s1600/Fig+1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEis6bMTYgYbcjcdhsznKkgMIGlbOi1mtCjUzyYiUh38f1bdckt9n_asUTjVYtFVNdKrG5AH2WE_u6nzz4JdVcwN3lslAf4TCCCp-XcOsf06TZ85yZtxhGsojGAP5GEuVUfLabhhDdfj9Nf8/s1600/Fig+1.png" height="189" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">However, when we
asked about use of possessive words such as “my” by men, most of the people
disagreed with this statement. In this case there was a difference of around 4%
between the opinion of females and males (Figure 2). Females were more likely
to report that they didn’t believe this statement than men. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzeGOKkEh7by5CjJYoUbeLkijzVRC16_LNt0Ustn13AYRvdLJvFoxZsNt1whNbL8CDE-v8ZE7n2zeuhTAwC9-V7ItDFQJOxNCKeSElNi6Zh9EPltz5LoyOvsMEzjlvWMthvO8RVdbGXR9N/s1600/Fig+2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzeGOKkEh7by5CjJYoUbeLkijzVRC16_LNt0Ustn13AYRvdLJvFoxZsNt1whNbL8CDE-v8ZE7n2zeuhTAwC9-V7ItDFQJOxNCKeSElNi6Zh9EPltz5LoyOvsMEzjlvWMthvO8RVdbGXR9N/s1600/Fig+2.png" height="251" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Most of the people
surveyed reported that they used social media to look for friends’ photos and
friends’ status updates. More females tended to use social media to see
friends’ photos than males, while males used social media to see friends’
status updates more than females. The use of social media by gender didn’t show
strong differences. There was a slight difference between what females reported
in their use of social media to see more friends’ photos than what males
reported (49% vs. 35%). Other activities were similar, with no more than 5% of
differences between genders (Figure 3). The activity with the least interest
for the surveyed people was the political use of social media (Figure 3). The
social media use by undergraduate and graduate students showed a similar
pattern, where the most popular uses were to see friends’ photos and status
updates. However, the results didn’t show strong differences among
undergraduate and graduate students (no more than 3%). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioRNjW25o0pEPKQ-lgjJiCOUzFLSAsWSKWlgR0Z6_QR4X7tkg1FcMOtFg0PYar4vbNlUbQB0bbKAPYhi-EfkL9LtdhONwiIlV89TxcJRDKTGy1hu7X8zBra719TbMb2rPCj7H7Qa3dLY6c/s1600/Fig+3.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioRNjW25o0pEPKQ-lgjJiCOUzFLSAsWSKWlgR0Z6_QR4X7tkg1FcMOtFg0PYar4vbNlUbQB0bbKAPYhi-EfkL9LtdhONwiIlV89TxcJRDKTGy1hu7X8zBra719TbMb2rPCj7H7Qa3dLY6c/s1600/Fig+3.png" height="260" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; text-indent: 35.45pt;">The use of
emoticons and abbreviations was reported by the majority of surveyed people.
Most of the people use these tools sometimes. Only 15.8% of the people reported
that they never use emoticons, and 25.7% never use abbreviations (Figure 4). Also,
we found that there are more people who reported that they always use emoticons
(21.1%) than people who reported the use of abbreviations always (10.5%). Finally,
we found a possible relation between emoticon use and abbreviation use because
around 80% of the surveyed people who reported that they use emoticons, also
reported the abbreviation use.</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiY3DczDqAhIN1ZQMwhZHkKW2TAhQzFmMUBp9IHM888eNo98tPr2htb2Q4u3g8bnpsyN970QXRceh818yXtMS8n3Q75ukkO8TJ8qg3MvPA9IQ4LIwEhmSDbzuXVKIqRdnQSr1dwQOuR5RIN/s1600/Fig+4.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiY3DczDqAhIN1ZQMwhZHkKW2TAhQzFmMUBp9IHM888eNo98tPr2htb2Q4u3g8bnpsyN970QXRceh818yXtMS8n3Q75ukkO8TJ8qg3MvPA9IQ4LIwEhmSDbzuXVKIqRdnQSr1dwQOuR5RIN/s1600/Fig+4.png" height="296" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; text-indent: 35.45pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">As
for the emoticon use by gender, both males and females reported using emoticons
usually and sometimes more than other options. We didn’t find strong
differences when emoticons use were reported as “usually” and “sometimes”; however,
we did find differences between females and males when people reported that
they “always” and “never” use emoticons. There were more females who reported
that they always use emoticons while males strongly said more than females that
they never use emoticons (Figure 5). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWw9DMDyysGGylVKxxsDzM-fT8Otn56b4F1Y7qBghYvZaekeVgNfhDmL43dG9KhZ7slCkxLxFFjQkrXNY5aNvP3iL8JSc8zhEAp13T8Fi0mmUxm1odrmST0-QQsWEBYHq5cYdSr6o5w8XJ/s1600/Fig+5.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWw9DMDyysGGylVKxxsDzM-fT8Otn56b4F1Y7qBghYvZaekeVgNfhDmL43dG9KhZ7slCkxLxFFjQkrXNY5aNvP3iL8JSc8zhEAp13T8Fi0mmUxm1odrmST0-QQsWEBYHq5cYdSr6o5w8XJ/s1600/Fig+5.png" height="313" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">As
for the abbreviation use, most of the females and males reported that at least
sometimes they use abbreviations. Females reported using them sometimes and
always more than males, while males reported more using them never and usually
than females (Figure 6).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIspYmwRvRpyjOmX5kFEUvQhm5NMXNnSYiutKXXv5mo5NBB1vcaVphJgP9d54kTlZYBDLpzpzpL6dsW7KeJBZLYD6Wtpq0GNycJ9kEzHDaASd-tYQnf3MGibkuYMGvwD8n4Lxilpu7XzAn/s1600/Fig+6.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIspYmwRvRpyjOmX5kFEUvQhm5NMXNnSYiutKXXv5mo5NBB1vcaVphJgP9d54kTlZYBDLpzpzpL6dsW7KeJBZLYD6Wtpq0GNycJ9kEzHDaASd-tYQnf3MGibkuYMGvwD8n4Lxilpu7XzAn/s1600/Fig+6.png" height="236" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; text-indent: 35.45pt;">The differences in
use of emoticons and abbreviations for graduate and undergraduate students
didn’t show differences in most of the answers. However, the use of
abbreviations did show important differences. Graduate students said more
commonly that they never use abbreviations than undergraduate students as well
as they reported to use always abbreviations less than undergraduate students (Figure
7).</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9D5SSswmlKFkgpI2SsGSaftKv7aCsYQdZJ17O0hkihR-uw0_ysPFXMuSn6QyyRj8qqh8RunuLoDALZRB_dd-R_2GoGnV330PsEQNzAUq67LbyJmiu0HjhMDSdqaGGdO-Mw51Bp3DNp58v/s1600/Fig+7.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9D5SSswmlKFkgpI2SsGSaftKv7aCsYQdZJ17O0hkihR-uw0_ysPFXMuSn6QyyRj8qqh8RunuLoDALZRB_dd-R_2GoGnV330PsEQNzAUq67LbyJmiu0HjhMDSdqaGGdO-Mw51Bp3DNp58v/s1600/Fig+7.png" height="352" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; text-indent: 35.45pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">In terms of status
updates we found important differences by gender. Most of the surveyed people
reported not updating their relationship status; however, there was a slight
difference between males and females (around 3%). When people reported that
they update their relationship status, there was a difference where males tend
to update less than females (Figure 8).
In general females are more or less evenly split in opinion about
relationships updates in social media (no update 27% vs. update 23%) while
males strongly report that they don’t update relationship status (no update
30.9% vs. update 11.2%). Only 8% of the people reported that only under
pressure they update their relationship status; in this 8%, males tend to
update relationship status under pressure more than females (Figure 8).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAoDBbodXMrhmPkTg6vu4GcKK8T1Eu_xXML7haf-eFtQ3d9DICAZ3hD1-g1NBN27U7OrZgFxqTWf96uOZ7UqUUdSl_zEvR7TFwlCsm9kOsQniZlkAcBN4o9TfYEXv9LLX2VlRWsrrEbd6U/s1600/Fig+8.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAoDBbodXMrhmPkTg6vu4GcKK8T1Eu_xXML7haf-eFtQ3d9DICAZ3hD1-g1NBN27U7OrZgFxqTWf96uOZ7UqUUdSl_zEvR7TFwlCsm9kOsQniZlkAcBN4o9TfYEXv9LLX2VlRWsrrEbd6U/s1600/Fig+8.png" height="261" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">When we analyzed
the relationship status updates according to student type, we found that there was
a slight difference between graduate and graduate students. Undergraduate
students tended to report that they updated their relationships less than
graduate students (Figure 9). When they reported that they updated relationship
status only under pressure, there was no difference between undergraduate and
graduate students (Figure 9).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFJuTVpBlaozM33M-sIpl84KNEG4-HTLs7WzTOkQHSwHeA0FRVqrEnCUox9BvbJTnLXbCEA2Dv77LkqXu8NFVXlsuhUqllC4iszpv16UQRMs789286wbNw1eqlCHdXh7vIy4YTcw2CJMXY/s1600/Fig+9.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFJuTVpBlaozM33M-sIpl84KNEG4-HTLs7WzTOkQHSwHeA0FRVqrEnCUox9BvbJTnLXbCEA2Dv77LkqXu8NFVXlsuhUqllC4iszpv16UQRMs789286wbNw1eqlCHdXh7vIy4YTcw2CJMXY/s1600/Fig+9.png" height="201" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Discussion<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Although there is a
high volume of evidence that shows how language use by females and males is
different and follows specific an stereotypic believe (Schwartz et al. 2013),
our results showed that there was not a consensus between people’s opinion
about these stereotypic characteristics of language use by gender. However, is
interesting how more people tend to believe in female emotional words use than
people who believe in possessive word use by males. These results suggest that
despite the fact that there is evidence of this kind of differences, people
didn’t perceive them or are against the belief of gender stereotypes.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The use of social
media was very similar by gender. A few people were interested in politics and
professional development while most of the people reported that they used
social media for the most traditional uses (friends’ photos and friends’ status
updates). According to our analysis, we found that females tend to use social
media more to see friends’ photos while male use more social media to see
friends’ status updates. These results are similar to what McAndrew et al.
(2012) found but, unlike their study we didn’t find an important tendency of professional
development use more by males. These results could be the product of the
general questions that we asked in the survey. It is possible that these
results could be different if we had asked or analyze the different pages that
the people were subscribed to.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The emoticon use
were reported by the vast majority of surveyed people. This shows how emoticons
have become an important tool in modern communication language. Nowadays, most
of the communication is through emails and social media where use of emoticons has
proven to be useful to show the tone of a conversation (Jayasinghe 2014). In
terms of use by gender, we found that males reported never using emoticons more
than females. This is consistent with the emotional use of emoticons and its relation
with female language tendencies. Finally, it’s also important notice that more
than 20% of the surveyed people always use emoticons, and how that can be
problematic in professional academic environments (Reshwan 2014).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">This use can be
also extrapolated to abbreviation use that is not well seen in academic
environments. According to this we did find differences among undergraduate and
graduate students, where this last group reported to use abbreviation far less
than undergraduate students. These results can reflect a tendency of the
behavior among these different students. Graduate students are used to being more
involved in academic environments than undergraduate students. In addition, the
use of abbreviations can also be seen as a modern style, where people want to
text more rapidly; furthermore, young people could want to hide the real
meaning of some messages from older people (Mills & Cheer 2014).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The abbreviation
use by gender was similar to what we found in emoticon use where males tend to
use abbreviations than females less frequently. This suggests that females were
more worried about speed while texting and probably coded some text. There is the
possibility that we can disentangle these abbreviation behavior with questions
about abbreviation use in with different groups like friends, family,
academics, etc. as well as the use of this abbreviations in different contexts
like friends interaction, flirting or academic communication.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The relationship
updates differences by gender can be an important insight into how females and
males communicate. Most of the people didn’t report relationship updates;
however, this can be imprecise due to three factors. The first is just because
they didn’t want to admit the updating; therefore, they didn’t report it. The
second cause could be the sample size that we use; it’s probable that with a
bigger and better representative sample size of Texas Tech University students,
this differences could be more evident. Finally, the other cause of this could
be that most of the people probably didn’t report relationship updates at the
specific field of “relationship update”; rather they updated their status
through the traditional status or with a tweet or hashtag.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">When people
reported that they updated their relationship status, males tended to do this
less than females. These results can reflect the emotional aspects of
communication where females are more open to sharing emotions in public than
males (Argamon et al. 2003).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">As for the
relationship updates among undergraduate and graduate students, we found that the
relationship updates being more common in graduate students than in undergraduate
students. This shows us an interesting behavior among the surveyed people. At
first appearance, undergraduate students could be more immature, and this could
lead more relationships updates. However, the results can be explained through
two different factors. First, graduate students tend to have more stable
relationships and will be more confident to publish their relationship status.
The other option could be the small sample size which didn’t reflect Texas Tech
students’ population and therefore behavior in terms of relationship status
updates.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">It would be
interesting to ask people why they update or do not update relationship status.
In addition, this opinion can be different under specific circumstances. For
example, long term relationships will be more susceptible to being publish and
updated in social media, in comparison with short term relationships. Also not
just the relationship status can be important. When couples go through crucial
moments like marriage proposals or ending of the relationship, people can
publish a different status related to their relationship, but still not
consider it as a “relationship update”. Also it is interesting that people
reported that they updated relationship status only under pressure. It’s
possible that there will be more people under these circumstances but due to
the small sample size this number was low.
Asking what kind of pressure and what people think about this behavior
would be really interesting. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">There is more
information around relationships that we didn’t ask and can be the
manifestation of people’s language use in social media and could show important
insights into not just language use but into how people perceive those
differences among sex and age.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Conclusion<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">We found several
differences between females and males that show us how they communicate through
social media. Despite much research has been done suggesting specific language
patterns, most of the people didn’t believe in those kind of stereotypes.
However in the other information that we analyzed (like emoticon use and status
updates) they followed this general pattern that females tended to communicate
using more emotional tools than males.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">In terms of
undergraduate and graduate students as a category to separate different age we
didn’t find strong differences. However these results can’t be skewed by the
sample size of graduate students who were far less than undergraduate students.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Finally, there is
still more to consider about language use and how people perceive this. There
is more research needed to understand how differences in data of language use from
of how people perceive it. Cultural statements of equality can be a model of people’s
opinion about stereotypes despite the fact that there is evidence of
differences among genders.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: red; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><b style="line-height: 200%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">References</span></b></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Alter, C. (2014). The Facebook Effect: Everybody Is So
Cliché. <i>Time</i>. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Retrieved
date: 03-10-2014. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Retrieved from:<span style="color: #44546a; mso-themecolor: text2;"> </span></span><a href="http://ideas.time.com/2013/10/02/the-facebook-effect-everybody-is-so-cliche/"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #44546a; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-themecolor: text2;">http://ideas.time.com/2013/10/02/the-facebook-effect-everybody-is-so-cliche/</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4472c4; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-themecolor: accent5;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #222222; font-family: Cambria, serif;">Argamon, S., Koppel,
M., Fine, J., & Shimoni, A. R. (2003). Gender, genre, and writing style in
formal written texts.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>To
appear in Text</i>,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>23</i>, 3.
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Retrieved date: 03-10-2014. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #222222; font-family: Cambria, serif;">Retrieved from: </span><a href="http://u.cs.biu.ac.il/~koppel/papers/male-female-text-final.pdf"><span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #44546a; font-family: Cambria, serif;">http://u.cs.biu.ac.il/~koppel/papers/male-female-text-final.pdf</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #4472c4; font-family: Cambria, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Argamon, S., Koppel, M., Pennebaker, J. W., & Schler, J. (2007).
Mining the Blogosphere: Age, gender and the varieties of self-expression.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>First Monday</i>, <i>12</i>(9). </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Retrieved date: 03-10-2014. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Retrieved from: </span><a href="http://uncommonculture.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/2003/1878"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: #44546a; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: text2;">http://uncommonculture.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/2003/1878</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: #4472c4; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent5;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Cook, C. (2014, September 23). Texas
Tech Enrollment Figures Shatter Previous Numbers. <i>Texas Tech Today</i>. Retrieved date: 01-11-2014. Retrieved from: </span><a href="http://today.ttu.edu/2014/09/texas-tech-enrollment-figures-shatter-previous-numbers/"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #44546a; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: text2;">http://today.ttu.edu/2014/09/texas-tech-enrollment-figures-shatter-previous-numbers/</span></a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Jayasinghe, S. (2014, November 02)
Smileys and emoticons roost Internet. <i>The
Nation. </i>Retrieved date: 20-11-2014. Retrieved from: </span><a href="http://www.nation.lk/edition/fine/item/34763-smileys-and-emoticons-roost-internet.html"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #44546a; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: text2;">http://www.nation.lk/edition/fine/item/34763-smileys-and-emoticons-roost-internet.html</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Joiner, R., C. Stewart, et al.
(2014). Publically different, privately the same: Gender differences and
similarities in response to Facebook status updates. <i>Computers in Human Behavior</i>, 39(0): 165-169. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Retrieved date: 03-10-2014.<span style="background: white;"> Retriever from: </span></span><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563214003707"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: #44546a; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: text2;">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563214003707</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Masin, R. & Foubert,
J.D. (2013)<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Effect of gender and
Facebook use on the development of mature interpersonal relationships.<span class="apple-converted-space"><i> </i></span><i>Journal of Student Affairs,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Vol. XXIII<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></i>51-59. Retrieved date: 03-10-2014.
Retrieved from: </span><a href="http://www.sahe.colostate.edu/Data/Sites/1/journal-of-student-affairs/2014-journal-of-student-affairs.pdf#page=51"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #44546a; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: text2;">http://www.sahe.colostate.edu/Data/Sites/1/journal-of-student-affairs/2014-journal-of-student-affairs.pdf#page=51</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">McAndrew, F. T., & Jeong, H. S.
(2012). Who does what on Facebook? Age, sex, and relationship status as
predictors of Facebook use. <i>Computers in
Human Behavior</i>, 28(6), 2359-2365. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Retrieved
date: 03-10-2014. <span style="background: white;">Retrieved from: <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563212002075"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: #44546a; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: text2;">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563212002075</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: #4472c4; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent5;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Mills, D. & Cheer, L. (2014,
July 12). Social media speak: The 60 new abbreviations that are dominating the
way young people communicate with one another. <i>Daily Mail.</i> Retrieved date: 20-11-2014. Retrieved from: </span><a href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2689655/Social-media-speak-The-30-new-abbreviations-dominating-way-young-people-communicate-one-another.html"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #44546a; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: text2;">http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2689655/Social-media-speak-The-30-new-abbreviations-dominating-way-young-people-communicate-one-another.html</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Mulac, A., Wiemann, J. M., Widenmann, S. J., & Gibson, T. W. (1988).
Male/female language differences and effects in same‐sex and mixed‐sex dyads:
The gender‐linked language effect. <i>Communications
Monographs</i>, 55(4), 315-335. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Retrieved
date: 03-10-2014. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Retrieved from: </span><a href="http://www.siu-voss.net/Mulac__male-female_language_differences.pdf"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: #44546a; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-themecolor: text2;">http://www.siu-voss.net/Mulac__male-female_language_differences.pdf</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Pennebaker, J. W. & Stone,
L.D. (2003). Words of wisdom: Language
use over the lifespan. <i>Journal of Personality
and Social Psychology</i>, 85, 291–301. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Retrieved date: 03-10-2014.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> Retrieved from: </span><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.291"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: #44546a; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-themecolor: text2;">http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.291</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<a href="http://money.usnews.com/topics/author/robin-reshwan"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Reshwan</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">, R. (2014, November 20). 5 Habits That Make You Sound
Young and Unprofessional. <i>U.S News</i>.
Retrieved date: 20-11-2014. Retrieved from: </span><a href="http://money.usnews.com/money/blogs/outside-voices-careers/2014/11/20/5-habits-that-make-you-sound-young-and-unprofessional"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #44546a; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: text2;">http://money.usnews.com/money/blogs/outside-voices-careers/2014/11/20/5-habits-that-make-you-sound-young-and-unprofessional</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Schwartz, H. A., Eichstaedt, J.C, Kern, M. L.,
Dziurzynski, L., Ramones, S. M., et al. (2013) Personality, Gender, and Age in
the Language of Social Media: The Open-Vocabulary Approach. <i>PLoS ONE</i>, 8(9): e73791. Retrieved date:
03-10-2014. Retrieved from: </span><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0073791#references"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #44546a; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: text2;">http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0073791#references</span></a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #44546a; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: text2;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Texas Tech Facts (2014).<i> Texas Tech University</i>. Archived from
the original on 2014-03-29. Retrieved date: 01-11-2014. Retrieved from: </span><a href="http://www.ttu.edu/about/facts/"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #44546a; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: text2;">http://www.ttu.edu/about/facts/</span></a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoCaption" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-after: avoid;">
<b>Appendix 1</b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhY8nTk-anWrbj6weZ9eQydU_hy82_YW_FraEoDzdCp6hdAZSo9k-wBMvqIOix4-eLzs94m6nDtCajwyjUzhDA-JDlwFtg6_XGg3hHvmmjWu226TdvJihbunoaWV7DggI6s874M2X8idZA0/s1600/App1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhY8nTk-anWrbj6weZ9eQydU_hy82_YW_FraEoDzdCp6hdAZSo9k-wBMvqIOix4-eLzs94m6nDtCajwyjUzhDA-JDlwFtg6_XGg3hHvmmjWu226TdvJihbunoaWV7DggI6s874M2X8idZA0/s1600/App1.png" height="640" width="440" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbaOCcFB3lSfZMSD-zZLqMaZRoCrqKYqKjhweWAVMphyphenhyphenerZXBfHTwv9P6gLg4hbtpy22lwEwlhmWSNMHRn2BWq_dEUOyDDOBdtEm7Ewbn6ue97n4bK4ZxCLo_LcQxlVJgA4ioxDnMNJEQ1/s1600/App1a.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbaOCcFB3lSfZMSD-zZLqMaZRoCrqKYqKjhweWAVMphyphenhyphenerZXBfHTwv9P6gLg4hbtpy22lwEwlhmWSNMHRn2BWq_dEUOyDDOBdtEm7Ewbn6ue97n4bK4ZxCLo_LcQxlVJgA4ioxDnMNJEQ1/s1600/App1a.png" height="640" width="396" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoCaption" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-after: avoid;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<br /></div>
weblog museumhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07113851247903847410noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7546854401587592256.post-15998921590907661672014-12-02T19:24:00.001-08:002014-12-27T11:44:36.130-08:00Investigating personality differences between female and male college studenthrough Facebook <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Abstract</span></b></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Previous studies
have shown that many differences exist between female and male Facebook users
among college students. These differences can be used to explore the
personality differences between females and males. Totally 167 surveys about
social media were taken in Texas Tech University between October 12, 2014 and
October 23, 2014. Based on the results of all the surveys, we analyzed the
personality differences between females and males in two aspects: neuroticism
and extraversion. Through analyzing the time spent on Facebook and frequency of
checking Facebook, we found males were more neurotic than females. By
investigating the participants’ activities on Facebook, we figured out that
males were more extraverted than females. From these two conclusions, we can
also deduce that people who have a strong sense of loneliness may not always
lack social activities. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Introduction<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Social
media, as internet-based applications, were created for social interactions.
Through social networks people can establish or keep connections, share
information, and express feelings with friends. Emergence of tablet computers
and smart phones has led to more wide and frequent usage of social media in
modern society. Social media have become an indispensable part of our modern
life, especially for young people. Facebook is considered as one of the most
popular social media among college students in the United States (U.S.).
Approximately 94% of undergraduate students were reported to have Facebook
accounts with a 150-200 friends list (Ellison et al., 2007). Stern and Taylor
(2007) stated 96% out of 364 college students spend 10 to 60 minutes every day
on Facebook. Consequently, Facebook provides a huge amount of information for
social media research. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Literature
review<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Many
studies have proved that men and women are more different than alike in
personality characteristics (Rettner, 2012; Costa Jr et al., 2001; Collins,
2012; Del Giudice et al., 2012). Collins (2012) found females were more
sensitivity, warmth, and apprehension than males through analyzing a survey of
10,000 people. Rettner (2012) utilized 15 personality scales, such as warmth,
sensitivity, and perfectionism, to test personality differences between men and
women. The results showed very large differences between sexes. Previous
studies have also indicated that social media could be used as an effective
tool to investigate personality differences between young female and male users
(Orchard et al., 2014; Amichai-Hamburger, 2002; Amichai-Hamburger et al., 2010;
Correa et al, 2010). Facebook, as one of the most popular social media, is
widely used to explore personality differences (Ross et al., 2009; Ellison et
al., 2007). Personality differences can be reflected from the number of
Facebook friends, Facebook profile design, the time spent on Facebook,
frequency of posting pictures and sharing links, and ways of expressing
feelings. As we mentioned above, personality is identified from many aspects,
such as warmth, sensitivity, perfectionism, apprehension. In general, the most
universally accepted model to describe personality features was created by
McCrae in 1992. McCrae (1992) invented a Five-Factor Model (FFM) to describe
personality in five aspects: neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience,
agreeableness, and conscientiousness. Neuroticism is a reflection of people’s
distress and sensitivity extents. Butt and Phillips (2008) and Wolfradt and
Doll (2001) indicated people at high level of neuroticism spent more time on
internet communication to alleviate loneliness. In this case, neuroticism
difference between males and females can be detected by the frequency of
checking Facebook and the time spent on Facebook. Extraversion is a reflection
of people’s sociable ability (Ross et al., 2009). Consequently, the number of
friends on Facebook accounts and the amount of sharing personal information,
such as posting personal, family, or friends’ photos, are indexes to measure
the extraversion level. In this study, a survey of 160 participants in Texas
Tech University will be taken to explore their basic Facebook account
information and activities on Facebook. Based on these data, I will focus on
analyzing two aspects of personality differences (neuroticism and extraversion)
between male and female college students. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Research
question<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">What personality
differences can be detected by comparing males and females’ activities on Facebook?
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Hypothesis<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Females are at a relatively
higher level of neuroticism and extraversion than males by analyzing their
activities on Facebook. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Data
and Methods<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">To
collect data about social media, 167 surveys were taken in Texas Tech
University between October 12, 2014 and October 23, 2014. Texas Tech University
is a public research university located in Lubbock, Texas. It is the sixth largest
university in Texas, and is the largest institution of higher education in west
Texas. The current enrollment is about 33,111, including approximately 93% of Americans
and 7% of international students. Most of the students come from Texas (85.17%)
and some are from New Mexico, California, Oklahoma, Colorado, and Kansas.
During the past 85 years, the university has granted 173,551 bachelor degrees,
34,541 master degrees, 5,906 doctoral degrees, and 7,092 law degrees (Student
Wellness Center, 2014). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">The
questions of this survey were created by Thomas Leverett, who teaches Advanced
Writing for International Students (ESL 5301 in fall, 2014). The survey had two
versions: online (Google Forms) version and paper version (one sheet and double
sides). The online version was made by Shabboo Valipoor in Cincinnati, Ohio. Thomas
Leverett, two teaching assistants, and seven students in this class were in
charge of sending out these surveys. Each person was required to find at least
ten Texas Tech undergraduate or graduate students from the United States (U.S.)
including five females and five males. If some participants filled out the
survey but they were found to be not students or they were international
students, their surveys should be put in another pile. Additionally, everyone
needed to ask five more people to complete the surveys. These five persons
could be students, faculty members, friends, close friends, or surveyors
themselves. When they took the surveys, surveyors should not give any advice or
suggestions to fill them out. For example, it generally does not say whether to
check one or check multiple answers. All the answers depend on the participants
themselves. If someone left something blank surveyors should not put any
pressure on them, unless they forgot to fill out the back, in which case they
could get a gentle reminder. If someone was angry about taking the survey or
didn’t feel comfortable about the questions, surveyors should apologize and
back down. If someone would like to share something about the survey questions,
surveyors should listen carefully, patiently, and keep track. If someone was
curious about the reason for doing the survey surveyors should explain it in
detail. One important thing is that all participants should be told the results
would be uploaded online anonymously and not have statistical significance. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Most
of the participants were very glad to take these questionnaires and felt
interested. Some interesting stories happened when taking these surveys. Thamas
Leverett said one woman said, “Facebook is the devil” and felt she was forced
to tweet in a literary criticism class. Feixiong said his friends shared a
personal story with him. His friend met a girl through a social media website.
After communicating with each other they established a relationship and finally
got married. From this story we cannot deny the power of social media. Some
students talked much about the feelings when they took ice bucket challenge.
Ying said that a boy described how he would rather have for all diseases and
autoimmune disorder and another boy said he had killed a few when he dumped a
bucket of ice water onto his head. A student from Shabboo Valipoor’s department
even hated the ice bucket challenge. Some participants said they only texted at
stop signs while driving, so there might be one more answer to question 2.
Additionally, a few students said they did not care about the “real name”
policy of Facebook, so they wrote comments like “neutral” for question 7. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Totally
167 survey questionnaires were returned, including 152 paper versions and 15
online versions. As we counted these surveys we figured out two major issues.
Fifteen participants failed to check whether they were undergraduate students,
graduate students, or other occupations, or where they were from, international
or not. In this case, these 15 surveys were excluded. Thus, we obtained 152
surveys in total as original data for our social media study. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Results<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Ten
surveyors were in charge of collecting our questionnaires. They were T.
Leverett, who created the survey, M. Gries, R. Branch, Y. Liu, F. Luo, K. Aric,
S. Kaleli, C. Rios-Blanco, who also organized the results of the survey, F. Almutlaq,
and S. Valipoor, who made the online version of the survey. Totally 167
questionnaires were returned, and 15 were excluded due to lack of certain
information. After summarizing, 80 females and 72 males participated in this
survey. The numbers of females and males maintained a balance, which was
reasonable for our research on the differences between females and males in
using social media. To keep a balance in age, 59 graduate students (older than
24 years old) and 85 undergraduate students (younger than 24 years old) were
included. There were also 8 participants who were teaching assistants, faculty
members, friends, or close friends with the surveyors. Six of the surveyors
were international students, which provided a good opportunity to take surveys
among international students. In total, 32 international students who came from
at least four foreign countries were involved in the survey. Figure 1 shows the
general information about the participants’ gender, educational level, and
citizenship (American or international).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">The
usages of the top nine types of social media (Facebook, Twitter, YouTube,
Instagram, Pinterest, Snapchat, Ello, Vine, and Google+) were investigated in
this survey (Figure 2).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Figure
2 indicates that Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube are the most popular social
media. Before the survey was taken it was assumed that Facebook was becoming
less popular than Twitter. Unexpectedly, the results show Facebook owns more
users than Twitter. Figure 2 shows 93.4% and 66.4% of the participants had
Facebook and Twitter accounts respectively. Moreover, people posted information
on Facebook more frequently than they did on Twitter. The percentage of people
who posted information occasionally and regularly on Facebook was 13.15% higher
than that on Twitter. Although people
did not post information on YouTube as frequently as they did on Facebook and
Twitter, 81.6% of the participants had YouTube accounts. In contrast, few
people knew about Pinterest, Ello, and Vine.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Females
and males have different attitudes towards social media. In this survey, we
investigated whether females and males had different opinions on social media’s
impact on their friendships (Figure 3). Most people thought social media had no
good or bad influence on their friendships. However, males had more positive
attitudes than females. Approximately 34.72% of males indicated social media
totally benefitted their friendships overall, which was 14.72% more than
females. Almost the same proportions of females and males thought social media
affected their friendships badly.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Since
relationship status is relatively private, some people do not like to publish news
about their relationships on their social media accounts. Females and males
also report differently on publishing relationships. Figure 4 implies that
males are more likely to share their relationship status with others. Moreover,
a higher percentage of females (11.25%) publish their relationships only under
pressure, which is about 7% higher than that of males. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Figure
5 displays the general information of female and male participants on Facebook,
such as whether they have Facebook accounts, the frequency of posting. The
results indicate more females than males said they had Facebook accounts.
However, a higher percentage of males than females said they posted information
regularly.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Table
1 below shows differences between females and males on the time spent on Facebook,
frequency of checking Facebook, and the usage change on Facebook. A majority of
females (61.25%) said they spent less than half an hour on Facebook every day.
About 76.06% of males reported that it cost them less than an hour on Facebook
every day. Among these male participants half of them said they spent less than
30 minutes on Facebook per day and the other half of them played with Facebook
between 30 and 60 minutes per day. The percentage of female Facebook users who
stated that they spent more than an hour on Facebook is 5.19% lower than that
of male Facebook users. It is approximately 19.71% of males said they spent about
60 to 90 minutes on Facebook every day, which is 7.20% higher than female
Facebook users. Yet, female Facebook users who extremely like hanging out on
Facebook are more than male Facebook users. The result shows the difference of
the frequency of checking Facebook accounts between male and females users is
almost similar with the result of time spent on Facebook. A majority of females
check their Facebook accounts less than three times per day. Most males check
their Facebook accounts between four times and seven times every day. The
percentages of females who said they checked their Facebook account between
four and seven times a day and between eight times and twelve times a day are 18.19%
and 1.39% lower than those of males respectively. While the percentage of
females who said they checked Facebook account more than twelve time is a
little bit higher than that of males. Table 1 also shows that fewer and fewer
people use Facebook. Approximately half of the participants said they used
Facebook less than before.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Although
females said they checked their Facebook relatively less than males, they love
to check their social media before going to bed. Figure 6 shows that 60% of females
often use social media before sleeping while only 5.63% males do the same
thing. A majority of males rarely check their social media before sleeping. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Female
and male users have great differences on their Facebook activities. Table 2
displays the percentages of females and males’ seven main activities on
Facebook. Apparently, males like posting pictures, sharing feelings, and
messaging with old friends on Facebook better than females. Neither females nor
males like using apps or hashtags on Facebook.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Also
when people visit their Facebook account, females and males are concerned with
different contents. Table 3 indicates that males have more interaction with
their family and are more interested in politics.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Discussion<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">The
usages of the top nine social media (Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Instagram,
Pinterest, Snapchat, Ello, Vine, and Google+) were investigated in this survey.
Approximately 93.4% and 66.4% of the participants use Facebook and Twitter
respectively (Figure 2). Facebook and Twitter are the most two most popular
social media among college students, which is the same as our expectations.
Many research studies have proved that young people spend more time on
smartphones than traditional computers (Halleck, 2014). Consequently, it was
assumed that the usage of Twitter was increasing and Facebook was decreasing. However,
figure 2 indicates Facebook is still more popular than Twitter, which was unexpected.
There are some possible reasons. For example, the instant messaging feature of
Facebook was allowed users to chat with certain friends instantly and
conveniently. Although Twitter can be used to chat, every tweet is limited to
within 140 characters, which is not as user-friendly as Facebook. Additionally,
Facebook has more entertainment apps</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">which
helps people to kill time. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Figure
2 also shows an interesting thing, that although Google+ has the second largest
number of registered users, the users seldom post through Google+. The large
number of registered users could be due to Google’ E-mail (Gmail), which is the
most popular E-mail in the United States and even in the world (Rosenfeld,
2014). In most cases, when people register for Gmail they automatically have
Google+ accounts. Yet, the complexity of posting photos and information on
Google+ may frustrate its users. Before posting users need to find connections
to add to circles, add suggestions and friends to circles, and then post to
specific people by choosing certain circles. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Ello
and Vine are much less popular among all the social media. The major reason may
be that they are newly developed. Ello was created by Paul Budnitz and Todd Berger
in March, 2014 and Vine was founded two years earlier than Ello (McKinney,
2014; Langer, 2013). Compared with Facebook and Twitter, Ello and Vine are too
young. Thus, it is reasonable that they have the smallest numbers of users.
Additionally, YouTube has more registered users who post less because most
people just enjoy watching videos from it. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">From
figure 2 it is apparent that Facebook is the mainstream medium in social
networks, so in this study we attempt to investigate personality differences
between female and male college students through their Facebook activities from
two aspects: neuroticism and extraversion. Previous studies indicated people
who spent more time on Facebook and checked Facebook more frequently were much
more neurotic, because online communication was an effective way to alleviate
loneliness. For example, when I had just come to the United States from China I
spent a lot of time online, because I did not have any friends here and felt
seriously alone. I messaged to my friends and my parents in China, checked my
social media account frequently to look at their status updates, and played
games developed by social media. Nearly every night the last thing I did before
sleeping was checking my social media account, and I messaged my parents to say
“good night”. Social media helped me kill time and reduced my loneliness.
Additionally, neuroticism can reflect people’s sensitivity extent (McCrae,
1992). Sensitive people sometimes like to chat with friends online by texting
and do not like face-to-face talking. For example, when my husband does
something that impresses me a lot I always message him through Facebook to
express my gratefulness instead of directly saying my thankfulness. Similarly,
we only say we love each other is by messaging. Thus, people with higher level
of neuroticism tend to spend more time on social media and check their social media
account more frequently. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Table
1 shows male Facebook users spend relatively more time on Facebook every day. More
than half of female users spent less than half an hour on Facebook. The
percentage of males who spend more than half an hour on Facebook every day is
21.81% higher than that of females. It is obvious in table 1 that males check
their Facebook accounts more frequently than females. The percentages of males
who check their Facebook accounts more than 4 times and 8 times per day are
18.19% and 1.39% higher than those of females. In table 2, it shows males use
Facebook apps more than females. Consequently, male college students are more
neuroticism than female college students. Unexpectedly, figure 6 shows females
like to check Facebook accounts many more times than males. These results are
opposite of my hypothesis that females are more neurotic than males. I think
one reason may be that some females didn’t tell the truth when they took our
surveys, because some people don’t like to admit that they are neurotic. Pedersen
(2014) stated that romantic relationships could stabilize neurotic people, so another
possible reason might be that most female participants had already had stable
relationships or been married. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Ross
et al. (2009) stated that extraversion is a reflection of people’s sociable
ability. People’s activities, such as posting photos, sharing feelings, and
connecting with public figures on social media, can imply their extraversion
levels. For example, when I join parties with my friends on weekends I am used
to taking funny photos and posting these photos on my social media account
later. Thus, people who post photos more frequently usually have more social
activities. Table 2 shows male college students post photos on their Facebook
more frequently than females. The percentages of males who “sometimes”,
“often”, and “usually” post photos on Facebook are 6.1%, 3.7%, and 8.6% higher
than those of females respectively. Table 3 indicates males are more concerned
with photos posted by their friends. Communications with friends through social
media reflect not only people’s neuroticism level but also their frequency of
social activities. In the survey, people were asked the frequency of connecting
with old friends and messaging people. The results show males are more likely
to communicate with friends on Facebook. From these points, male college
students are more social than female college students. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">The
major finding of this survey is that male college students are at a higher
level of neuroticism and extraversion than female college students. An
interesting thing can be deduced, which is that people who feel much lonelier
are not always lacking social activities. Feeling lonely sometimes is a vital
reason that people like to attend and organize social activities, such as
parties. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">There
are also some limitations in our study. The most important one was that the
number of our participants in the survey was not statistically enough. If we
can get funding in the future we can have more samples and the further study
will be conducted. Additionally, a few places of our survey should be revised
and reedited. For example, when people were asked their activity of posting
pictures on Facebook they used “never”, “rarely”, “sometimes”, “often”, or
“usually” to describe the frequency. This is not very accurate, because people
have different definitions of these frequency concepts. For example, I think
posting pictures more than five times should be defined as “usually”, but my
husband insists more than five times should be just “often”. Thus, if we used
total number of times to describe the frequency of posting in the survey it would
be better. Also, the first line of our survey should be separated into three
individual parts. In this case, participants will not ignore checking their
education level, sex, or whether they are from America or are international. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Conclusion<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> Based on the survey results, we analyzed the personality
differences between female and male college students. We compared the time
spent on Facebook and the frequency of checking Facebook between females and
males to detect their neuroticism differences. The result was unexpected, that
male college students were much more neurotic than females. Two possible
reasons were figured out. One was that some participants might tell lies
because they did not want to admit neuroticism. The other reason was that most
female participants might have stable relationships or be married, which made
them less neurotic. According to the participants’ major activities on
Facebook, we explored the extraversion differences between females and males.
The results showed that males were more extraverted and more likely to attend
social activities. Consequently, male college students are more neurotic and
extraverted than females. According to this point we can deduce that people who
have a strong sense of loneliness may not always lack of social activities.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Charts
tables and graphs</span></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPJEMRleGju6PE3VOHD9KsZTaulHSexmcvG_WuuUQ4zKHnvfSeG5FtauFsnNdoNRT1Ch-Ijjv_GucYyz_iIHoxeiSqAQvuYe3H_N1b3tnORkjsIzBcpK9N08qC0z8r93i2KMfCVI-a3CL0/s1600/6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPJEMRleGju6PE3VOHD9KsZTaulHSexmcvG_WuuUQ4zKHnvfSeG5FtauFsnNdoNRT1Ch-Ijjv_GucYyz_iIHoxeiSqAQvuYe3H_N1b3tnORkjsIzBcpK9N08qC0z8r93i2KMfCVI-a3CL0/s1600/6.jpg" height="348" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCcsGTkBW1qJTZZfB9j9o0HcWet_yaCkbVVdnGS9zh3uBpTcbBNPJazEp-AeRuRVIA696OkIrxfCshsK8pvNSjKYAQmtGpANmTtbb8-iK7B_V1hg7epI_zvgr57G-PO-pv1cWj9QDuWi9U/s1600/3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCcsGTkBW1qJTZZfB9j9o0HcWet_yaCkbVVdnGS9zh3uBpTcbBNPJazEp-AeRuRVIA696OkIrxfCshsK8pvNSjKYAQmtGpANmTtbb8-iK7B_V1hg7epI_zvgr57G-PO-pv1cWj9QDuWi9U/s1600/3.jpg" height="560" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnBPr49qgps6Fo1wvTI3lpV7Qy_SH3uySWBhfWePoUvj5NG0mnCqYjIvFuCVrAD3v1ni0pWQpKvYWUXFF0JeQmu4C1wt3cUySwF-1IqXUueR-4s0dsHo9F0PL2c_AcvME8qT0e8uygyFhl/s1600/4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnBPr49qgps6Fo1wvTI3lpV7Qy_SH3uySWBhfWePoUvj5NG0mnCqYjIvFuCVrAD3v1ni0pWQpKvYWUXFF0JeQmu4C1wt3cUySwF-1IqXUueR-4s0dsHo9F0PL2c_AcvME8qT0e8uygyFhl/s1600/4.jpg" height="310" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6-WhP4_HEs7ePJRJkMEE6o9uhkbKIORZmeKtBmTx1c0vYWpVDvWHN2akB7DMCzQPlet-rBR8EYfsoJFFa3J9eWMB-w8SrXBcfBzDPlgW4u7XOnFsah4FC_JDeeReaD67jZzMEkhIrm5ny/s1600/5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6-WhP4_HEs7ePJRJkMEE6o9uhkbKIORZmeKtBmTx1c0vYWpVDvWHN2akB7DMCzQPlet-rBR8EYfsoJFFa3J9eWMB-w8SrXBcfBzDPlgW4u7XOnFsah4FC_JDeeReaD67jZzMEkhIrm5ny/s1600/5.jpg" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.85pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.85pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.9pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Calibri Light",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Female<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.9pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Calibri Light",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Male<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="4" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.85pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Calibri Light",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Time spent on Facebook every day<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.85pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri Light",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">0-30min<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.9pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri Light",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">61.25%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.9pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri Light",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">39.44%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.85pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri Light",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">30-60min<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.9pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri Light",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">20%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.9pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri Light",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">36.62%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.85pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri Light",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">60-90min<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.9pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri Light",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">12.5%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.9pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri Light",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">19.71%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.85pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri Light",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">>90min<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.9pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri Light",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">6.25%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.9pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri Light",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">4.23%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="4" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.85pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Calibri Light",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Frequency of checking Facebook account<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.85pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri Light",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">0-3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.9pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri Light",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">52.5%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.9pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri Light",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">34.72%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.85pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri Light",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">4-7<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.9pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri Light",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">26.25%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.9pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri Light",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">44.44%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.85pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri Light",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">8-12<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.9pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri Light",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">12.5%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.9pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri Light",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">13.89%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.85pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri Light",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">>12<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.9pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri Light",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">8.75%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.9pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri Light",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">6.94%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="4" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.85pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Calibri Light",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Usage change on Facebook <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.85pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri Light",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Use
it more<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.9pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri Light",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">8.75%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.9pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri Light",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">16.67%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.85pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri Light",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Use
it less<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.9pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri Light",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">43.75%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.9pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri Light",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">43.06%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.85pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri Light",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">The
same<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.9pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri Light",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">32.5%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.9pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri Light",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">33.33%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.85pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri Light",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Never
use<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.9pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri Light",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">15%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.9pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri Light",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">6.94%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<!--[if gte vml 1]><v:group id="Group_x0020_3" o:spid="_x0000_s1026"
style='position:absolute;margin-left:1in;margin-top:95.25pt;width:466.65pt;
height:244.25pt;z-index:251659264;mso-position-horizontal-relative:margin;
mso-width-relative:margin;mso-height-relative:margin' coordorigin=",-61"
coordsize="62494,31240" o:gfxdata="UEsDBBQABgAIAAAAIQAPPDsnOAEAAHsDAAATAAAAW0NvbnRlbnRfVHlwZXNdLnhtbKyTy07DMBBF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">
<v:shapetype id="_x0000_t202" coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="202" path="m,l,21600r21600,l21600,xe">
<v:stroke joinstyle="miter"/>
<v:path gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect"/>
</v:shapetype><v:shape id="Text_x0020_Box_x0020_2" o:spid="_x0000_s1027"
type="#_x0000_t202" style='position:absolute;top:28384;width:62494;height:2795;
visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:none;v-text-anchor:top' o:gfxdata="UEsDBBQABgAIAAAAIQDw94q7/QAAAOIBAAATAAAAW0NvbnRlbnRfVHlwZXNdLnhtbJSRzUrEMBDH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" fillcolor="white [3201]" stroked="f" strokeweight=".5pt">
<v:textbox>
<![if !mso]>
<table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width="100%">
<tr>
<td><![endif]>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal>
Figure 1. The general information of participants
including gender, educational level, and citizenship</p>
</div>
<![if !mso]></td>
</tr>
</table>
<![endif]></v:textbox>
</v:shape><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="75"
o:preferrelative="t" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f">
<v:stroke joinstyle="miter"/>
<v:formulas>
<v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"/>
<v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"/>
</v:formulas>
<v:path o:extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect"/>
<o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"/>
</v:shapetype><v:shape id="Chart_x0020_1" o:spid="_x0000_s1028" type="#_x0000_t75"
style='position:absolute;left:6042;top:-61;width:45834;height:27568;
visibility:visible' o:gfxdata="UEsDBBQABgAIAAAAIQC2gziS/gAAAOEBAAATAAAAW0NvbnRlbnRfVHlwZXNdLnhtbJSRQU7DMBBF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">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\GISLAB~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.png"
o:title=""/>
<o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="f"/>
</v:shape><w:wrap anchorx="margin"/>
</v:group><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]-->
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
Table 1. Females and males’ time spent on Facebook,
frequency to check Facebook, and the usage change on Facebook.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnaCwjTrOt593QBQJJE76UiIY6Y2IRqpv9ip2bK6_5PQmh4J4Oc38eyId3Ffkk1qfXAzNVzGqP3GupJERMoqKx4dHBtqFzWYzk8QQrS62BZU3JZFmVsJ8GnLJaYWj9-KRRHPMifwAx-hFw/s1600/7.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnaCwjTrOt593QBQJJE76UiIY6Y2IRqpv9ip2bK6_5PQmh4J4Oc38eyId3Ffkk1qfXAzNVzGqP3GupJERMoqKx4dHBtqFzWYzk8QQrS62BZU3JZFmVsJ8GnLJaYWj9-KRRHPMifwAx-hFw/s1600/7.jpg" height="264" width="640" /></a></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td colspan="11" style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 467.5pt;" valign="top" width="623"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Facebook
Activity<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 77.4pt;" valign="top" width="103"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 77.1pt;" valign="top" width="103"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Never<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.4pt;" valign="top" width="105"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Rarely<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.65pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sometimes<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 77.75pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Often<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 77.2pt;" valign="top" width="103"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Usually<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 77.4pt;" valign="top" width="103"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.2pt;" valign="top" width="51"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>F<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.9pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>M<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.2pt;" valign="top" width="51"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>F<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.2pt;" valign="top" width="54"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>M<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.2pt;" valign="top" width="51"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>F<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 41.45pt;" valign="top" width="55"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>M<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 39.05pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>F<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.7pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>M<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.75pt;" valign="top" width="48"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>F<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 41.45pt;" valign="top" width="55"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>M<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 77.4pt;" valign="top" width="103"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Post pictures<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.2pt;" valign="top" width="51"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
15.8%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.9pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
5.6%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.2pt;" valign="top" width="51"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
27.6%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.2pt;" valign="top" width="54"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
16.7%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.2pt;" valign="top" width="51"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
34.2%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 41.45pt;" valign="top" width="55"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
40.3%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 39.05pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
17.1%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.7pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
20.8%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.75pt;" valign="top" width="48"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
5.3%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 41.45pt;" valign="top" width="55"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
13.9%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 77.4pt;" valign="top" width="103"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Share feelings<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.2pt;" valign="top" width="51"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
46.1%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.9pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
27.8%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.2pt;" valign="top" width="51"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
28.9%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.2pt;" valign="top" width="54"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
38.9%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.2pt;" valign="top" width="51"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
22.4%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 41.45pt;" valign="top" width="55"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
19.4%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 39.05pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
2.6%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.7pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
8.3%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.75pt;" valign="top" width="48"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 41.45pt;" valign="top" width="55"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
1.4%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 77.4pt;" valign="top" width="103"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Connect with old friends<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.2pt;" valign="top" width="51"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
13.2%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.9pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
5.6%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.2pt;" valign="top" width="51"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
28.9%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.2pt;" valign="top" width="54"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
16.9%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.2pt;" valign="top" width="51"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
40.8%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 41.45pt;" valign="top" width="55"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
39.4%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 39.05pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
13.2%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.7pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
13.9%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.75pt;" valign="top" width="48"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
3.9%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 41.45pt;" valign="top" width="55"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
11.2%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 77.4pt;" valign="top" width="103"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Use apps<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.2pt;" valign="top" width="51"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
77.6%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.9pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
64.8%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.2pt;" valign="top" width="51"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
17.1%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.2pt;" valign="top" width="54"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
23.9%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.2pt;" valign="top" width="51"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
2.6%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 41.45pt;" valign="top" width="55"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
4.2%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 39.05pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
1.3%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.7pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
1.4%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.75pt;" valign="top" width="48"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
1.3%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 41.45pt;" valign="top" width="55"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
1.4%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 77.4pt;" valign="top" width="103"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Connect to public figures<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.2pt;" valign="top" width="51"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
60%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.9pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
41.7%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.2pt;" valign="top" width="51"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
24%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.2pt;" valign="top" width="54"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
33.3%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.2pt;" valign="top" width="51"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
10.7%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 41.45pt;" valign="top" width="55"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
15.3%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 39.05pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
4%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.7pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
1.4%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.75pt;" valign="top" width="48"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
1.3%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 41.45pt;" valign="top" width="55"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
1.4%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 77.4pt;" valign="top" width="103"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Message people<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.2pt;" valign="top" width="51"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
17.3%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.9pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
4.2%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.2pt;" valign="top" width="51"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
26.7%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.2pt;" valign="top" width="54"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
20.8%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.2pt;" valign="top" width="51"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
37.3%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 41.45pt;" valign="top" width="55"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
31.9%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 39.05pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
10.7%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.7pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
16.7%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.75pt;" valign="top" width="48"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
8%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 41.45pt;" valign="top" width="55"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
16.7%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 77.4pt;" valign="top" width="103"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Use hashtags<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.2pt;" valign="top" width="51"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
63.2%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.9pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
63.9%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.2pt;" valign="top" width="51"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
21.1%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.2pt;" valign="top" width="54"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
19.4%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.2pt;" valign="top" width="51"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
9.2%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 41.45pt;" valign="top" width="55"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
9.7%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 39.05pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
6.6%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.7pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
1.4%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.75pt;" valign="top" width="48"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 41.45pt;" valign="top" width="55"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
1.4%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p><span style="line-height: 150%;">Table 2. People’s seven main activities on Facebook.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 77.9pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 77.9pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Friends’ photos<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 77.9pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Friends’ status updates<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 77.9pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Family interaction<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Professional development<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Politics <o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 77.9pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Female<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 77.9pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
81.25%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 77.9pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
67.5%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 77.9pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
47.5%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
33.75%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
13.75%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 77.9pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Male<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 77.9pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
86.11%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 77.9pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
75%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 77.9pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
55.56%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
33.33%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
19.44%<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
Table 3. The types of information people care about<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Reference<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .3in; text-indent: -.3in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Amichai-Hamburger,
Y., Wainapel, G., &Fox, S. (2002). On the Internet no one knows I’m an Introver: Extroversion, neuroticism, and Internet
interaction. <i>Cyber Psychology &
Behavior</i>, 5(2), 125-128. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .3in; text-indent: -.3in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Amichai-Hamburger,
Y. (2002). Internet and personality. <i>Computers
in Human Behavior</i>, 18(1), 1- 10. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .3in; text-indent: -.3in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Amichai-Hamburger,
Y., & Vinitzky, G. (2010). Social network use and personality. <i>Computers in Human Behavior</i>, 26(6),
1289-1295. <b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .3in; text-indent: -.3in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Butt,
S., & Phillips, J.G. (2008). Personality and self reported mobile phone
use. <i>Computers in Human Behavior,</i>
24(2), 346-360. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .3in; text-indent: -.3in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Collins,
N. (2012). Men and women have distinct personalities. <i>The telegraph</i>. </span><a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/science-news/8992639/Men-and-women-have-distinct-personalities.html"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/science-news/8992639/Men-and-women-have-distinct- personalities.html</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">
(last accessed: November 14, 2014). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .3in; text-indent: -.3in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Correa,
T., Hinsley, A.W., &De Zuniga, H.G. (2012). Who interacts on the Web?: The
intersection of users’ personality and social media use. <i>Computers in Human Behavior,</i> 26(2), 247-253. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .3in; text-indent: -.3in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Costa
Jr, P., Terracciano, A., &McCarea, R.R. (2001). Gender differences in
personality traits across cultures: robust and surprising findings. <i>Journal of Personality and social psychology</i>,
81(12), 322. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .3in; text-indent: -.3in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Del
Giudice, M., Booth, T., &Irwing, P. (2012). The distance between Mars and
Venus: Measuring global sex differences in personality. <i>PLos one</i>, 7(1), e29265. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .3in; text-indent: -.3in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Ellison,
N. B., Steinfield, C., & Lampe, C. (2007). The benefits of Facebook
“friends:” Social capital and college students’ use of online social network
sites. <i>Journal of Computer</i></span><i><span style="font-family: "Cambria Math",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cambria Math";">‐</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Mediated Communication</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">,
12(4), 1143-1168.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .3in; text-indent: -.3in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Halleck,
T. (2014). We spend more time on smartphones than traditional PCs: Nielsen. </span><a href="http://www.ibtimes.com/we-spend-more-time-smartphones-traditional-pcs-nielsen-1557807"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://www.ibtimes.com/we-spend-more-time-smartphones-traditional-pcs-nielsen-1557807</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">
(last accessed: November 14, 2014). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .3in; text-indent: -.3in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Langer,
E. (2013). Instagram video taking a swing at Vine: study. </span><a href="http://www.cnbc.com/id/100836937"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://www.cnbc.com/id/100836937</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">
(last accessed: November 14, 2014). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .3in; text-indent: -.3in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">McCrae,
R.R., & John, O.P. (1992). An introduction to the five-factor model and its
applications. <i>Journal of Personality</i>,
60(2), 175-215. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .3in; text-indent: -.3in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">McKinney,
K. (2014). 31,000 people an hour are joining the social network Ello. The
anti-Facebook, explained. </span><a href="http://www.vox.com/2014/9/26/6844633/what-is-ello-should-i-care"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://www.vox.com/2014/9/26/6844633/what-is-ello-should-i-care</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">
(last accessed: November 14, 2014). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .3in; text-indent: -.3in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Pedersen,
T. (2014). Romantic relationship can stabilize neurotic person. <i>Psych Central</i>. </span><a href="http://psychcentral.com/news/2014/05/10/romantic-relationship-can-stabilize-neurotic-person/69672.html"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">http://psychcentral.com/news/2014/05/10/romantic-relationship-can-stabilize-neurotic- person/69672.html</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">
(last accessed: November 17, 2014). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .3in; text-indent: -.3in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Rettner,
R. (2012). Men, women really do have big personality differnces. Today Health. </span><a href="http://www.today.com/health/men-women-really-do-have-big-personality-differences-1C9382204?franchiseSlug=todayhealthmain"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">http://www.today.com/health/men-women-really-do-have-big-personality-differences-1C9382204?franchiseSlug=todayhealthmain</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">
(last accessed: November 27, 2014).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .3in; text-indent: -.3in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Ross,
C., Orr, E.S., Sisic, M., Arseneault, J.M., Simmering, M.G., & Orr. R.R.
(2009). Personality and motivations associated with Facebook use. <i>Computers in Human Behavior</i>, 25(2),
578- 586. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .3in; text-indent: -.3in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Rosenfeld,
L. (2014). What’s the most popular email service in the world?. Internet
culture. </span><a href="http://www.techtimes.com/articles/15802/20140917/most-popular-email-service-in-the-world.htm"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">http://www.techtimes.com/articles/15802/20140917/most-popular-email-service-in-the-world.htm</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">
(last accessed: November 17, 2014). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .3in; text-indent: -.3in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Stern,
L. A., & Taylor, K. (2007). Social networking on Facebook. <i>Journal of the Communication, Speech &
Theatre Association of North Dakota</i>, 20(2007), 9-20.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .3in; text-indent: -.3in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Student
Wellness Center. (2014). The TTU student Population. </span><a href="http://www.depts.ttu.edu/scc/APA_Internship/Student.php"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">http://www.depts.ttu.edu/scc/APA_Internship/Student.php</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">
(last accessed October 28th, 2014).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .3in; text-indent: -.3in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Wolfradt,
U., & Doll, J. (2001). Motives of adolescents to use the Internet as a
function of personality traits, personal and social factor. <i>Journal of Educational Computing Research</i>,
24(1), 13-28. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .3in; text-indent: -.3in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">(YL)</span></div>
weblog museumhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07113851247903847410noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7546854401587592256.post-26523685250915297852014-12-02T15:41:00.001-08:002014-12-27T11:48:11.819-08:00An analysis of the real name issue on social media sites (F.L.)<h2 style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US">Abstract</span></h2>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 21pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Social
media are becoming an important part of our society and redefine the way modern
people interact with each other. Social media companies presented a real name
policy to mandate all users to use their real names on their accounts in order to
decrease the risk associated with pseudonyms several years ago. However, it has
raised a war between social media users and social media companies because a
few social media users fight against this policy. To better understand this
war, a research was conducted to know people’s attitudes toward the real name
policy of social media. In this research, a survey form including two questions
about the real name policy of social media was at first designed. Secondly, people
on Texas Tech campus were randomly selected to fill out the survey forms. Last,
the survey results were analyzed using a statistical methodology. The results
show that the majority of survey respondents supported the real name policy of
social media and used their real names on their social media accounts. In
addition, survey respondents’ attitudes towards the real name policy of social
media and using real names on social media accounts varied by their demographic
information, such as gender, nationality and level of study.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<br /></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US">Introduction</span></h2>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">It is reported that 58% people around
the world use social media and the number of people using social media is still
increasing (Social Networking Statistics, 2014). For example, Facebook says
that it has over 1 billion people using Facebook every month, with 23% percent
growth from last year (Associated Press, 2013). Social media are becoming an
important part of our society and redefine the way modern people interact with
each other (Guha, 2014). Social media are changing the world in terms of news
(Bennett, 2013), human interactions (Jones, 2013), political landscape (Tchong,
2012) and learning (Cushard, 2013) and marketing (Whaling, 2011). However, it
is warned that the risks of false information are growing with the increment of
the use of social media (Goodwin, 2013). Fake user names are considered as one
type of false information on social media sites and result in confusion for
some social media users. Therefore many social media companies have presented a
real name policy. However, a few social media users, like technologists Jamie
Zawinski, Violet Blue and Kevin Marks, and some organizations, such as Electronic
Frontier Foundation, have fought against it. One reason is that they think using
real names on social media could endanger a few individuals like victims of
violence. In fact, it has raised a war between users of social media and social
media companies (Tao, 2011). It is possible and likely the majority of people
don’t care it much. Also, the most vocal opponents may only be people who mind the
world knowing that they are using fake names. However, it is still urgent and
important to know how many people support the real name policy, in order to
better understand this conflict. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> In this research, people’s attitudes toward the real name
policy of social media were investigated. To be specific, the percentage of
people that agreed with the real name policy of social media was computed. The
percentage of people who use real names to register on social media sites was
also determined. Therefore, a survey about these two questions was conducted
for Tech students considering their ages and genders etc. Finally, the survey
results were analyzed. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 200%; mso-char-indent-count: .49; text-indent: 7.85pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Literature review</span></h2>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">The real name policy states that
everyone registered on social media sites is mandated to use the real name by
social media companies (Levy, 2014). However, a few social media users have disagreed
with this policy and had a conflict with social media companies. This conflict
is called Nymwars (Galperin, 2011). This word is very popular because of the
hashtag “#nymwars” on Twitter (Twitter, 2014). The real name issue has existed
from the initial stage of online identity. The first case was Blizzard’s
RealID. It started in July 2010. The name on the credit card of the player was
exposed. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 21pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">When
Google+ was released in late June 2011, Google announced a real name policy,
considering that many users used nicknames, pseudo names to sign up. This
policy was to help to fight against spam and keep from pseudo profiles and
encourage users to use their real names on their accounts. The first victim for
the real name policy happened in July 2011. Several accounts were suspended,
such as Limor Fried’s account that contained the name “LadyAda”. In the
following weeks, account suspensions included those who used nicknames,
pseudonyms and handles on their accounts and those who used unusual legal
names. Also, account suspensions included mononymous users and a few users that
Google determined that they were impersonating famous people, like the founder
of Mozilla creator Blake Ross from Facebook. The real name policy issue spread
out quickly through Twitter and other social media sites. In August, Electronic
Frontier Foundation posted “A Case for Pseudonymity” to fight against this real
name policy. In order to reduce the pressure from the opponents, Google VP
Bradley Horowitz firstly responded and made a promise that Google would improve
the process of the suspension. Later, Google presented a “grace period” prior
to suspension and a “verified account” program for famous people. At the Web
2.0 Summit on 19 October 2011, it was revealed by the Google executive Vic
Gundotra that Google would start to support fake names and other kinds of
identity in the following few months. However, according to the Google policy
document on 16 October 2012, Google still asked users to put their common first
and last name into use on their accounts. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 21pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">On
the other hand, the real name policy has been always supported by Facebook
because Facebook think that the real name policy can help to keep its community
safe and make sure that Facebook users know who you are in contact with. The
Salman Rushdie’s account was blocked by Facebook in November 2011 as result of
the real name issue. And Facebook said that there were greater than 83 million
fake accounts on Facebook in August 2012. Facebook has since alleged that it
was very important to have authentic identities for the Facebook experience and
its aim was that every Facebook account should have a real corresponding
individual. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 21pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">However,
many social media users fought against this policy (Kayyali and York, 2014). A
few influential commentators, such as technologists Kevin Marks, Violet Blue
and Robert Scoble and some organizations like the Electronic Frontier
Foundation, criticized the real name policy in public. The main criticisms are
following:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">The policy deteriorates long-term Internet culture and
traditions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">It could be not safe for some individuals when using their
real names online.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Having a pseudonym does not equal to being anonymous. To an
extent a pseudonym can be used to represent an authentic person. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">The real name policy insufficiently prevents spam on social
media.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">The policy cannot stop from trolls. Social media sites would
like encourage their users to develop healthy social criterions, rather than
forcefully tell their users how they have to behave. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 21pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Owing
to the great pressure of these social media users, social media companies
successively determined to stop the real name policy. It’s very likely that
social media companies backed down because they were afraid of losing
customers. Thus, Google+ dropped the real-name policy and apologized to Google+
users in July 2014 (Doctorow, 2014). Facebook also canceled the real name
policy and apologized to Facebook users on October 1, 2014 (Coldewey, 2014).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US">Methodology</span></h2>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">This research used a sampling survey
method. It included three parts: (1) the selection of survey samples, (2) the
survey agreement and (3) the survey form. Specifically, <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Texas</st1:placename> <st1:placename w:st="on">Tech</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> students on campus randomly were
chosen as major survey samples. In addition, it was agreed that the respondents
in this survey were not required to be students. The respondents could be
anybody on campus, including non-students. And the survey form consisted of a
few simple questions including demographic information and the opinion towards a
real name policy of social media. Additionally, there were two ways to conduct
this survey: (1) paper-based survey and (2) online survey. The paper-based
survey was adopted in most cases, and a few survey forms were conducted online.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 21pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">At
first, 152 people on the <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Texas</st1:placename>
<st1:placename w:st="on">Tech</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place>
campus were randomly selected as survey samples. <st1:placename w:st="on">Texas</st1:placename>
<st1:placename w:st="on">Tech</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">University</st1:placetype>
is located in <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on">Lubbock</st1:city>, <st1:state w:st="on">Texas</st1:state></st1:place> and has a history of over 90 years. It
has 44,265 students including undergraduate students, master students and Ph.D
students (<st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Texas</st1:placename> <st1:placename w:st="on">Tech</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place>,
2013). The students are from over 90 countries around the world and most of
them are American. In addition, most of their ages range from 15 years old to
50 years old. Generally speaking, <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Texas</st1:placename>
<st1:placename w:st="on">Tech</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place>
is a typical American university and its students are a typical sample of American
university students. Moreover, most <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Texas</st1:placename>
<st1:placename w:st="on">Tech</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place>
students are young people. Therefore, I would say that their viewpoints can be
said to represent the ideas of American university students, even young people.
And Texas Tech students are good samples for our research. About 200 people on <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Texas</st1:placename> <st1:placename w:st="on">Tech</st1:placename>
<st1:placetype w:st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> campus were
randomly chosen to represent Texas Tech students to fill out the survey forms.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 21pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Secondly,
the agreement of the survey was very flexible. All respondents on campus were
considered to be acceptable, no matter whether or not they were students or whether
or not they were American. Moreover, the respondents gave their answers from
their own mind. They were not mandated to fill out all the items on the survey.
They could miss some questions that they did want to answer. And they could
give any answer that they wanted to give.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 21pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Thirdly,
the survey form was designed for research questions in our research. In the
survey form, there were two questions of most interest for this report. The
first one was to ask respondents whether they supported the real name policy of
social media. And the second one was asking whether they used their real names
to register on social media sites. The first question was to find out people’s attitudes
toward the real name policy, while the second one was to find out about people’s
actions toward the real name policy in reality. These two questions helped us
to explore people’s ideas on the real name policy of social media.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 21pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Finally,
the survey results were analyzed using statistical techniques. The variations
of people’s attitudes towards the real name policy over nationality, gender and
education level were analyzed using a multivariate statistical analysis.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US">Results</span></h2>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 21pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">152
forms were collected including 137 forms from the paper-based survey and 15
forms from the online survey. Moreover, about a half of survey respondents were
female; over half of respondents were undergraduate students; and the majority
of respondents came from the <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">USA</st1:place></st1:country-region>
(more detail see Table 1).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Table 1 the
description of survey respondents<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 98.75pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Item name<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 176.9pt;" valign="top" width="236"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Description<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 150.45pt;" valign="top" width="201"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Percentage<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 98.75pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Gender<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 176.9pt;" valign="top" width="236"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">80 females<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">72 males<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 150.45pt;" valign="top" width="201"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">52.63% females<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">47.37% males<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 98.75pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Education
level<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 176.9pt;" valign="top" width="236"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">85 undergraduates<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">59 graduates<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">8 non-students<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 150.45pt;" valign="top" width="201"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">55.92% undergraduates<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">38.82% graduates<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">5.26% non-students<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 98.75pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Nationality<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 176.9pt;" valign="top" width="236"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">120 American<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">32 Internationals<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 150.45pt;" valign="top" width="201"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">78.95% American<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">21.05% Internationals<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 21pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">
</span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 21pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">It
was found that the vast majority of respondents used social media (shown in
Figure 1). The graph shows that Facebook was the most used one for respondents among
nine popular social media sites, such as Facebook, Twitter, Youtube, Instagram,
Pinterest, Snapchat, Ello, Vine and Google+. It was about 93.42% of respondents
who at least had an account on Facebook. In addition, Figure (1) shows that
Facebook was most known by survey respondents, then Youtube, Twitter,
instagram, Snapchat, Googe+, Pinterest, Vine and Ello. Figure (2) indicates
that the most accounts that survey respondents have was Youtube, then Google+,
Twitter, Facebok, Instagram, Snapchat and Vine, Pinterest and Ello. It can be
observed from Figure (3) that the most posted or used occasionally social media
for survey respondents was Facebook, then Youtube and Instagram, Twitter,
Snapchat, Pinterest, Google+, Vine and Ello. And Figure (4) shows that the most
posted regularly social media by survey respondents was Snapchat, then
Facebook, Instagram, Pinterest, Twitter, Youtube, Google+, Vine and Ello.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgF-9kqVazAtmmdXjM10Sq7wzv9VZOws3RKvJuLRL9h0dKmBYzBL1vU3tuqfjWUacwCKyKMI6D1uk0m30PnIpGRlfiI9ALdIGCPgKwwNvxlcU5OTqJTxk93LfL5B26eEV6fjw6bNLmrWpgw/s1600/social+media.tif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgF-9kqVazAtmmdXjM10Sq7wzv9VZOws3RKvJuLRL9h0dKmBYzBL1vU3tuqfjWUacwCKyKMI6D1uk0m30PnIpGRlfiI9ALdIGCPgKwwNvxlcU5OTqJTxk93LfL5B26eEV6fjw6bNLmrWpgw/s1600/social+media.tif" height="324" width="640" /></a></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 21pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">
</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Figure 1 The percentage of
respondents who used social media<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 21pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Additionally,
it was found that the majority of respondents supported the real name policy
and used their real names on social media accounts (shown in Figure 2). The
graph shows that 77.63% of survey respondents supported the real name policy of
social media and 73.03% of respondents used their real names to create their
accounts on social media sites. In addition, the graph indicates that some
respondents would like to use fake user names on social media, even though they
supported the real name policy of social media.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9BSnTRhyQoUALdwqGKSah_rzUGVS96H6FeA0Dla-90aspAKv5zpKC7zqoIK20BTQRu2yOJHu92blEyopdxQu7FDi8onsmXl0sPGF33fNG1VwnS4cqqY26qDJkombpOBPgnNlq154LSf0E/s1600/real+name+vs+use+real+name.tif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9BSnTRhyQoUALdwqGKSah_rzUGVS96H6FeA0Dla-90aspAKv5zpKC7zqoIK20BTQRu2yOJHu92blEyopdxQu7FDi8onsmXl0sPGF33fNG1VwnS4cqqY26qDJkombpOBPgnNlq154LSf0E/s1600/real+name+vs+use+real+name.tif" height="324" width="640" /></a></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Figure 2 The attitudes
towards the real name policy and using real names on social media accounts<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Secondly,
respondents’ viewpoints on the real name policy and using real names on social
media accounts were varied by gender, level of study and nationality. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">
</span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">1)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Males were more likely to support the real name policy and
use real names on social media sites than females<b> </b>(shown in Figure 3). The graph indicates that about 76.25% of females
and 79.17% of males supported the real name policy of social media, and 70.89% of
females and 76.39% of males registered on social media sites using their real
names.</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjoY0Lnj-GZHizd_LzfwYQ_rDYIXo-W2BZExEY_W8H1v6pFuW30Yg6nmcuN745nxTrIKD53lXzW2nnKP3SQaA2rdozgVARXQcqSr0Pik7RVDM2_ZHxEglrDCdi6ln0t7qk09Gb7cYIijyr/s1600/gender+vs+real+name.tif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjoY0Lnj-GZHizd_LzfwYQ_rDYIXo-W2BZExEY_W8H1v6pFuW30Yg6nmcuN745nxTrIKD53lXzW2nnKP3SQaA2rdozgVARXQcqSr0Pik7RVDM2_ZHxEglrDCdi6ln0t7qk09Gb7cYIijyr/s1600/gender+vs+real+name.tif" height="324" width="640" /></a></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Figure 3 Gender with
respect to the real name policy and using real names on social media accounts<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Undergraduate students supported the real name policy most, and
then non-students and graduate students, while non-students would most likely
use real names on social media site accounts, then undergraduate students and graduate
students (shown in Figure 4). The figure shows that about 75% of non-students, 83.53%
of undergraduate students and 69.49% of graduate students supported the real
name policy of social media, and 87.5% of non-students and 75.29% of undergraduate
students and 68.97% of graduate students registered on social media sites using
their real names.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmKmCrtuLdwUXaiivI_25sP7larIjxtWiuszohtu0nljkJ_Axzuh4sudR42fHap_w2gmrKOJo2zGGwpDOgL4eURtFOcQ2IBGKRmKBwDqFoxcMUjXxzFdt1rNEtg27F5p1fykkulkD5eXGW/s1600/levelofstudy.tif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmKmCrtuLdwUXaiivI_25sP7larIjxtWiuszohtu0nljkJ_Axzuh4sudR42fHap_w2gmrKOJo2zGGwpDOgL4eURtFOcQ2IBGKRmKBwDqFoxcMUjXxzFdt1rNEtg27F5p1fykkulkD5eXGW/s1600/levelofstudy.tif" height="336" width="640" /></a></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Figure
4 Level of study with respect to the real name policy and using real names on
social media accounts<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Internationals more likely support the real name policy than Americans
while Americans more likely used their real names on social media accounts than
Internationals (shown in Figure 5). The figure showed that about 76.67% of Americans
and 81.25% of Internationals supported the real name policy of social media,
and 77.31% of Americans and 59.38% of Internationals registered on social media
sites using their real names.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhm_nNcDfTHOACr0FoUstiEL-BHRneS28zFaDH3aIwu2cG3uYzvvsZ64ormfD6pK2NECTbn4xev5YA3ibAcY2S4kbOO2oQxbqqBblNt1I7dxmZrRgk6HSlC8MCKb5arNVcdTZ8pTA0Y4fwD/s1600/nationality+vs+realnamepolicy.tif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhm_nNcDfTHOACr0FoUstiEL-BHRneS28zFaDH3aIwu2cG3uYzvvsZ64ormfD6pK2NECTbn4xev5YA3ibAcY2S4kbOO2oQxbqqBblNt1I7dxmZrRgk6HSlC8MCKb5arNVcdTZ8pTA0Y4fwD/s1600/nationality+vs+realnamepolicy.tif" height="326" width="640" /></a></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Figure 5 Nationality with
respect to the real name policy and using real names on social media accounts<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US">Discussion</span></h2>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 21pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">These
survey results could be used to infer people’s usage of social media sites, people’s
attitudes towards the real name policy of social media and using real names on
social media accounts.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 21pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Regarding
the usage of social sites, most of people used social media sites and the most
used social media network was Facebook. Similar results were found in the study
by John McDermott (2014). This result could reflect people’s habits of using
social media, because most of our friends in the real world used Facebook and
other social media networks. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 21pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">In
addition, the majority of people supported the real name policy of social media
and used their real names to create accounts on social media sites, although a
few people were opposed to the real name policy of social media and refused to
use real names to register on social media sites. In general, this result was
beyond the expectations of most people, because it was usually assumed that the
majority of people fought against the real name policy of social media and
using real names on social media accounts owing to private rights and security
issues. The reason people supported the real name policy and using real names on
social media accounts could be that the majority of people preferred to have authentic
social network environments, even though their private rights and securities were
violated by the real name policy. This may be a tradeoff for them between the
benefits and harms of the real name policy. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 21pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">People’s
attitudes towards the real name policy and using real names on social media
accounts were analyzed over people’s demography. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 21pt; text-indent: -21pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Females were more likely to support the real name policy and use
real names on social media accounts than males. There could be actually several
possibilities for why women and men differed here. This may be because a few
males were afraid that they were found to have other girlfriends by their
girlfriends when they used real name accounts on social media. And females
would like to be aware of the activities of their boyfriends on the Internet
when using real names on social media accounts. In addition, this could be
because females were more likely to communicate with real people on social
media sites than males. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 21pt; text-indent: -21pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">The percentage of undergraduate students supporting the real
name policy was the highest, and then non-students, then graduate students. On
the other hand, non-students were most likely to use their real names on social
media accounts, and then undergraduate students, then graduate students. There
could be several reasons to explain this. Maybe one of them was that graduate
students had a higher education, and they considered more about their private
rights and security issues. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 21pt; text-indent: -21pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">The internationals were more likely to support the real name policy
of social media than Americans, while Americans were more likely to use their
real names on social media accounts than Internationals. The first result may
be due to the difference in their cultures. Americans emphasized their private rights
while internationals from other parts of the world, such as <st1:place w:st="on">Asia</st1:place>,
considered their private rights little in their own countries. The second
result may be also due to difference in their cultures. Americans may be more
straightforward and believe social media sites would protect their profiles
than Internationals. Another possibility is that internationals are afraid of
repercussions at home, from what they do on social media in the <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">USA</st1:place></st1:country-region>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US">Conclusion</span></h2>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 21pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">In
this research, people’s attitudes towards the real name policy of social media have
been studied by a sampling survey method. In this survey, two questions about
the real name policy of social media were included in the survey forms; and 152
people on Texas Tech campus were randomly selected as respondents; at last the
survey results were analyzed using statistical techniques. The results showed
that most survey respondents supported the real name policy of social media and
used real names on their social media accounts. The results also showed that the
attitudes of survey respondents towards the real name policy of social media
and using real names on social media accounts were varied by their demographic
information, such as gender, nationality and level of study. In addition, some explanations
for the results have been discussed.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">
</span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 21pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">In
the future, further research will be needed to conduct to explain why the
majority of respondents supported the real name policy of social media and used
real names on social media accounts, and why respondents’ attitudes were varied
by their demographic information. </span></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US">Reference</span></h2>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Associated Press. (2013,
May 1). How Facebook has grown: Number of active users <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 21pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">at
Facebook over the years.</span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Available from: <a href="http://news.yahoo.com/number-active-users-facebook-over-230449748.html">http://news.yahoo.com/number-active-users-facebook-over-230449748.html</a>
(Accessed date: Oct. 08, 2014).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Bennett S. (2013, July
25). How social media is changing the world. Available from: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 21pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><a href="http://www.mediabistro.com/alltwitter/social-media-change-world_b46821">http://www.mediabistro.com/alltwitter/social-media-change-world_b46821</a>
(Accessed date: Oct. 08, 2014). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Coldewey D. (2014, October
1). Facebook Apologizes to Drag Queens Over ‘Real <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 21pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Name’
Issue. Available from: <a href="http://www.nbcnews.com/tech/social-media/facebook-apologizes-drag-queens-over-real-name-issue-n216211">http://www.nbcnews.com/tech/social-media/facebook-apologizes-drag-queens-over-real-name-issue-n216211</a>
(Accessed date: Oct. 02, 2014).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Cushard B. (2011, July).
How social media has changed learning: a few answers via <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 21pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">tweet
chat. Available from: <a href="http://www.mindflash.com/blog/2011/07/how-social-media-has-changed-learning-a-few-answers-via-tweet-chat/">http://www.mindflash.com/blog/2011/07/how-social-media-has-changed-learning-a-few-answers-via-tweet-chat/</a>
(Accessed date: Oct. 08, 2014).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Doctorow C. (2014, July
16). Google Plus drops "Real Names" policy. Available <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 21pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">from:
<a href="http://boingboing.net/2014/07/16/google-plus-drops-real-names.html">http://boingboing.net/2014/07/16/google-plus-drops-real-names.html</a>
(Accessed date: Oct. 02, 2014).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Galperin E. (2011,
December 26). <st1:chmetcnv hasspace="True" negative="False" numbertype="1" sourcevalue="2011" tcsc="0" unitname="in" w:st="on">2011 in</st1:chmetcnv>
Review: Nywars. Available from: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 21pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><a href="https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2011/12/2011-review-nymwars">https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2011/12/2011-review-nymwars</a>
(Accessed date: Oct. 02, 2014).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Goodwin B. (2013, January
8). Misuse of social media could wreak havoc, warns <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 21pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">World
Economic Forum. Available from: <a href="http://www.computerweekly.com/news/2240175704/Misuse-of-social-media-could-wreak-havoc-warns-WEF">http://www.computerweekly.com/news/2240175704/Misuse-of-social-media-could-wreak-havoc-warns-WEF</a>
(Accessed date: Oct. 08, 2014).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 6pt; text-indent: -6pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Guha S. (2014, March 7).
How Social Media Has Changed the World? 5 Impacts of <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 21pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Social
Media On Our Lives. Available from: <a href="http://webseo22.hubpages.com/hub/How-Social-Media-Has-Changed-the-World-Impact-of-Social-Media-on-Our-Lives">http://webseo22.hubpages.com/hub/How-Social-Media-Has-Changed-the-World-Impact-of-Social-Media-on-Our-Lives</a>
(Accessed date: Oct. 08, 2014).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Jones H. (2013, June 7).
Social media’s affect on human interaction. Available from: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 21pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><a href="http://www.hastac.org/blogs/haley117/2013/06/07/social-medias-affect-human-interaction">http://www.hastac.org/blogs/haley117/2013/06/07/social-medias-affect-human-interaction</a>
(Accessed date: Oct. 08, 2014).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Kayyali N. and York J.
(2014, September 16). Facebook’s ‘real name’ policy can <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 21pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">cause
real-world harm for the LGBTQ community. Available from: <a href="https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2014/09/facebooks-real-name-policy-can-cause-real-world-harm-lgbtq-community"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2014/09/facebooks-real-name-policy-can-cause-real-world-harm-lgbtq-community</span></a>
(Accessed date: Oct. 08, 2014).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Levy K. (2014, October 1).
Facebook meets with the LGBT community regarding <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">‘real
name’ policy. Available from: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/facebook-might-change-its-real-name-policy-2014-10">http://www.businessinsider.com/facebook-might-change-its-real-name-policy-2014-10</a>
(Accessed date: Oct. 08, 2014).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">McDermott, J. 2014,
Facebook losing its edge among college-aged adults. <a href="http://digiday.com/platforms/social-platforms-college-kids-now-prefer/"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://digiday.com/platforms/social-platforms-college-kids-now-prefer/</span></a>
[accessed date: Sep 4, 2014]<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Social Networking
Statistics. (2014, July 9). Available from: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 21pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><a href="http://www.statisticbrain.com/social-networking-statistics/">http://www.statisticbrain.com/social-networking-statistics/</a>
(Accessed date: Oct. 08, 2014). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tao L. J. (2011). The
Nymwar: social media networks and the laws. Available from: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 21pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><a href="http://www.academia.edu/5660313/The_Nymwar_Social_Media_Networks_and_the_Law">http://www.academia.edu/5660313/The_Nymwar_Social_Media_Networks_and_the_Law</a>
(Accessed date: Oct. 08, 2014).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Tchong M. (2012, September
13). Three ways social media is reshaping the political landscape.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Available from: <a href="http://readwrite.com/2012/09/13/3-ways-social-media-is-reshaping-the-political-landscape">http://readwrite.com/2012/09/13/3-ways-social-media-is-reshaping-the-political-landscape</a>
(Accessed date: Oct. 08, 2014).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Texas</span></st1:placename><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> <st1:placename w:st="on">Tech</st1:placename>
<st1:placetype w:st="on">University</st1:placetype></span></st1:place><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">. (2013). About the TTU
system. Available from:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><a href="http://www.texastech.edu/about.php">http://www.texastech.edu/about.php</a>
(Accessed date: <st1:chsdate day="6" islunardate="False" isrocdate="False" month="11" w:st="on" year="2014">11/06/2014</st1:chsdate>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Twitter. (2014). Tweets
about #nymwars hastag on Twitter. Available from: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 21pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/nymwars">https://twitter.com/hashtag/nymwars</a>
(Accessed date: Oct. 08, 2014).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Whaling H. (2011, May 12).
Five ways social media has changed marketing <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 21pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">
</span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 21pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">campaigns.
Available from: <a href="http://mashable.com/2011/05/12/social-media-change-marketing/">http://mashable.com/2011/05/12/social-media-change-marketing/</a>
(Accessed date: Oct. 08, 2014).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
weblog museumhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07113851247903847410noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7546854401587592256.post-75195202315379113342014-12-01T19:19:00.000-08:002014-12-27T11:51:33.869-08:00Social Media Study by Serdar Kaleli<div align="center" class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Abstract</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> In the Fall 2014 semester, the ESL
5301 class decided to conduct a study about social media. We were curious about
how Texas Tech students use social media and we decided to conduct surveys as a
data collecting method. Our study had several phases. First, we read some
articles about social media and summarized them; secondly, we wrote our
introductions and literature rewiews; then each student prepared some
hypotheses; next, we prepared and conducted our survey. In total 152 Texas Tech
students filled out our survey. Next steps were organizing the survey results
and discussing the results. In the end, it was an interesting study; we had
very interesting hypotheses and some suprising findings. We believe that this
study will lead the way to further studies about social media.</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Introduction</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> As
time passes by, the usage of social media is getting more common among people.
Although some people might think that they are harmful for everyday
communication, they are indispensable communication tools for the recent
generation. Cherie Burbach states that the social media have changed the way
people communicate with each other in a negative way; on the contrary, social
media helps us to keep in touch with family members or old friends more easily
compared to the past (Burbach, n.d.).
Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Pinterest, Google+, YouTube, Snapchat,
Vine, and Tumblr are only some of the popular ones among the college students’
huge variety of social media tools. Some of them are getting more popular; some
of them might lose their popularity over time. According to John McDermott,
some of the usages of the social media among college students, as of November
2013, were Facebook 88.6%, Instagram 51.5%, Twitter 43.7%, Tumblr 35.5%,
Snapchat 25.9% and Vine 25%; in addition, while the usage of Facebook was
decreasing, other social media sites were getting more popular among college
students (McDermott, 2014).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Also, college students use different social media web
pages for different reasons. As McDermott stated, for example, while Facebook
users tended more to keep in touch with their old friends or family members,
Twitter users were using Twitter more for expressing themselves easily; on the
other hand, college students preferred Snapchat due to the feeling of keeping
safe what they shared (McDermott, 2014). Molly McHugh explained the usage of
Facebook and Twitter as: <span style="background: white;">“Facebook
is a repository of someone’s life, where Twitter is like a thought-stream, at
least in terms of usage”</span> (McHugh, 2013,
p. 6).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">In the Fall 2014 semester, the class of ESL 5301 conducted
research about Texas Tech students’ use of social media. Since social media are
enormously popular, we thought it would be useful and interesting to study how
Texas Tech students were using social media. In this research, each student
conducted different research about some topics, for example, the reasons
students used the social media, how frequently they used them, which social
media they preferred for different purposes, whether social media affected
their success and other topics, by making surveys with the contribution of
Texas Tech students. Each individual in the class stated hypotheses and tried
to find out whether they were confirmed or not. I will provide information in
the methods section about how this research was conducted.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Literature Review<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">There are many different statements and questions
about social media. The most general questions about social media are about how
many people are using them, and what the different usages between different age
groups, genders and races. Mislove et al. conducted research to find out how
many Twitter users there were in the United States and how gender, race and
geography affected the usage of Twitter (Mislove et al., 2011). They found out
that Twitter users were mostly represented by male users; however, their research
represented a non-random sample (Mislove et al., 2011). It is very difficult to
find out the number of users of social media; we can, however, get an
approximate percentage of Texas Tech social media users. In addition to that,
Fink et al. found out in their research that male and female users had
different reasons to use social media (Fink et al., 2012). According to the
Thiago Guimaraes (2014), the numbers of social media users are increasing and
Facebook is the most popular one. He indicated that more than 84% of the web
users in North America had Facebook accounts and females were using Facebook a
lot more than males (Guimaraes, 2014).
In our survey, we could simply ask both male and female Texas Tech
students which social media they preferred and how they used social media.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Another claim about social media is that social media
might be harmful for its users in many ways. Eric Moore, for example,
introduced research conducted by Marc Eric Dyken in his article; according to
that research, teenagers spent time on social media at bedtime and it caused
many problems like sleep disorders and fatigue during the day (Moore, 2011). We
wanted to know if this was true for Texas Tech students. In our survey, we could
ask Texas Tech students whether they checked social media at bedtime or not and
whether they believed checking social media at bedtime caused them sleeping
disorders or not. I believed that Texas Tech students checked their social
media at bedtime, but they would not believe that checking social media at
bedtime was causing sleeping disorders. We could also try to find out whether
Texas Tech students believed the social media affected their college success or
not. Mary Bart introduced a study in her article and the study found out that
there was no relationship between grades and social media usage (Bart, 2010).
In our study, we thought we might verify that Texas Tech students believed that
there was no relationship between grades and social media usage; however, I
believed that the students would admit social media disrupted them while they were
studying. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> A different
claim is Kylie Burchart’s statement that the usage of social media has negative
effects on communication; social media are making people more introverted and
people have stopped communicating with their friends face to face because of
the instant messaging ability (Burchart, 2013). Ryan Masin and John D. Faubert
also supported this claim by stating, “Those who use Facebook more intensely
report a lower quality of interpersonal relationships than those who do not use
Facebook as intensely” (Masin & Faubert, 2013, p. 55). We are asked Texas
Tech students if they used the instant message feature of social media web
pages and we could ask them whether they preferred communicating with their
friends on messenger or face to face. In my opinion, Texas Tech students would
state that they were more likely to prefer sending messages than doing face to
face communication.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">According to the Ryan Lytle, social media encourages
people to make donations, and it has become easier to create fundraising than
before (Lytle, 2014). According to his research, 64% of the social media users
donated more than $100 last year (Lytle, 2014). In summer, there was a very
popular fundraiser among social media users called “ice bucket challenge” for
ALS research. Briefly, social media users poured a bucket of ice on their
heads, and donated $10 to the ALS Foundation, and challenged their friends to
do the same through social media. If they did not pour the ice and challenge
other friends in 24 hours, they would have to donate $100 to the ALS
Foundation. It became very popular in a very short time and many people,
including celebrities, got involved in the challenge. We thought it would be
very interesting to check how many Texas Tech students participated in the ice
bucket challenge, and how much they had donated. I believed a large number of
Texas Tech students were challenged by their social media friends and
participated in the ice bucket challenge. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormalCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Hypotheses<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Students will admit that they check social media while
driving.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Females will admit that they check social media while
driving more than males.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Most of the Texas Tech students will admit that they
are checking their social media accounts at bedtime.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Texas Tech students believe that checking the social
media in bedtime will not cause sleeping disorder. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Female students check their social media at bedtime
more than male students.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Texas Tech students will state that they do not
believe social media affect their success in a negative way.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Most Texas Tech students have participated in the ice
bucket challenge and donated to the ALS Foundation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Methodology<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Texas
Tech University is located on an 1839-acre campus in Lubbock, Texas. With
35,134 students, Texas Tech is considered one of the best universities in the
state of Texas (Texas Tech). Texas Tech University is a public research
university; it has students and academics from all over the United States and
the world. In general, Texas Tech University has all of the common features
that any American university has. It has students from every state, so Texas
Tech University could be considered as a representative university for the
United States. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> In
order to collect data, the students and the professor of the ESL 5301 class
decided to conduct a survey. The class made some rules for conducting surveys
and all of the students agreed to follow them. These rules were: Every pollster
had to have at least ten American Texas Tech students, five males and five
females. It did not matter if they were undergraduate, graduate or Ph.D.
students. Other than those ten students, pollsters could conduct the survey
with as many international students, American students or non students who had
connection with Texas Tech (for example Texas Tech alumni); there were no
restrictions on the gender. After the agreement was made, the students started
to conduct surveys.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> The
survey consisted of twenty-four questions in total. The first part was about
general information about the students (What is the gender, nationality,
graduate or undergraduate?). The second question asked the students about which
social media they used and how frequently. Starting from the third question,
the survey asked questions about the hypotheses that students had created
during the literature review section. The last question was about the
motivation of the student’s usage of Facebook, Twitter and YouTube. One survey
sample has been included in the appendix section. (See Appendix I) The survey had both hard copy and online
version; they both had the same questions. One of our team members, S.
Valipoor, prepared the online version of the survey. In order to fill out the
online version of the survey, students needed to open our class blog, click the
link of our survey and fill out the survey. In total, 152 surveys were filled
out; 15 of them were online, 137 of them were hard copy version. S. Valipoor
and C. Rios Blanco worked on the excel file to organize the survey results.
After the surveys were conducted, each student wrote a short story about how
they conducted the surveys and they mentioned the difficulties that they
encountered. The most common difficulty that pollsters encountered was that,
people generally did not fully fill out the first question, because the parts
of it were not easy to see. They usually checked the gender but didn’t read the
other information. I believe I overcame that problem quite well; before they
started to fill out the survey, I introduced them to the parts of our survey. I
warned them that the first question asked about demographic information and
asked them to read that part carefully. As a result, none of my filled out
surveys missed any demographic information. We will discuss the results in the
results section.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Results<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">In
this section, the results of the surveys will be introduced. In total 152
surveys were filled out. The numbers of female students were slightly more than
that of male students who filled out the survey; however, they were very close
in number. The number of female students who filled out the survey was 80; the
number of male students was 72 (53% female, 47% male). The majority of the
people who filled out the survey were undergraduate students. 56% of the people
said that they were undergraduate students, 39% were graduate students and 5%
of the people described themselves as other. The people who were filled out the
survey were mostly Americans. 79% of people were Americans and 21% of the
people were internationals. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> Before
I move into the results, I would like to mention some interesting facts that we
encountered while we were collecting the data. After the students of ESL 5301
class turned in their surveys, our professor asked everybody to write a story
about their data collection process. After I read all the stories, I caught
some interesting points. Overall, people filled out the surveys willingly and
most of them thought our survey was interesting. One of the people who filled
out the survey said that he met his wife through social media; they are having
a happy marriage and they have a baby boy. Another interesting story is while a
lady was filling out the survey, she said that “Facebook is the devil!” and
explained how much she hated social media; she even told a story about one of
her classes that required her to use Twitter but she hated it. One of my
friends told me that he hated the ice bucket challenge a lot and he thought it
was useless; on the other hand, there were some people who said they
participated in the ice bucket challenge and it was fun. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> Other
than our individual hypotheses, all of the team members wanted to discover
which social media people used more and how frequently they were using them.
The different social media usage between males and females gave us interesting
results. The results of the survey indicated that most of the students at least
had a Facebook account. Only 5% of the people who filled out the survey said
they did not know or use Facebook; 95% of the people reported they used
Facebook or at least had an account. The numbers of female and male users of
Facebook were very close to each other. 51% of people who reported they use
Facebook were female, 49% of them were male. Our study indicated that the
numbers of people who did not know or use Twitter were a lot more than those
for Facebook. 30% of the people who filled out the survey reported that they
did not know or use Twitter. The numbers of female and male Twitter users were
very close. 51% of the people who reported they used Twitter were female, 49%
of them were male. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The next result that we received from our survey was
most of the students used YouTube. 82% of the people who filled out the survey
reported that at least they had an account. The numbers of female and male
users of YouTube were almost equal also. 51% of people who reported they used
YouTube were female and 49% of them were male. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Our results indicated that most of the students knew
and used Instagram. 65% of the people who filled out the survey reported that
they had at least an Instagram account. 59% of the people who reported they
used Instagram were female, 41% of them were male.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">According to our survey results, more than half of the
students did not know or use Pinterest. 43% of the students who filled out the
survey reported that they had at least a Pinterest account, 57% of them
informed us that they did not know or used it. Mostly females were using
Pinterest, and males did not know or use it. Of the people who said they used
Pinterest, 85% of them were female and 15% were male. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Another result that our study indicated was that most students
had at least a Snapchat account; 59% of the students informed us that they used
Snapchat. When we took a close look to the users of Snapchat, we realized that
most of the users were female. 58% of the people who reported they used
Snapchat were females, 42% were male. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Our survey results indicated that the majority of the
students did not know or use Ello. 97% of the people who filled out our survey
reported that they did not know or use Ello. The users of Ello were mostly
males. The users were 75% male, 25% female. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Another result we got from our surveys was most of the
students did not know or use Vine. Only 34% of the students who filled out the
survey reported that they used Vine. The users of Vine were mostly females. 65%
of the users were female, 35 % were male; 77% of the users were undergraduate
students, 23% were graduate students. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Lastly, according to our survey, almost half of the
students at least had a Google + account. 52% of the students said that they
used Google+. 56% of the users were males, 44% were females; 48% of the users were
undergraduate students, 47% were graduate students and 5% were other.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> In my
hypotheses, I was looking to find out answers to these questions:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">How the Texas Tech students feel about texting while
driving,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Do they ever check social media while driving,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Do they check their social media before they sleep,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Do they believe checking social media before they
sleep affected their sleep,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Are social media bad for friendship,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Do social media affect their grades,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Did they participate in the ice bucket challenge and
how did they feel about it?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Our study indicated that most of the students believed
checking the social media while driving was always dangerous. 59% of the people
who filled out the survey reported that it was always dangerous, 28% of the
people said usually it was dangerous, 11% of the people said sometimes it was
dangerous and 2% of the people reported that they believed it was not
dangerous. Mostly females, graduate students and international students were
very strict about checking social media while driving and they reported that it
was always dangerous. 60% of the females, 61% of the graduate students, and 71%
of the international students reported it was always dangerous. 1% of the females, 3% of the males, 2% of the
graduate students, 2% of the undergraduate students, 2% of the American
students and 0% of the international students said they believed it was not
dangerous.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> On
the other hand, our study indicated that most Texas Tech students checked their
social media while driving. 40% of the students reported that they never checked
their phone while driving; 28% of the students said they rarely checked, 28% of
them said they sometimes checked, 4% of the students said they checked social
media often while driving. According to our results, female students checked
social media while driving more than male students; undergraduate students
checked social media while driving more than graduate students; and American
students checked social media while driving more than international
students. 34% of the female students,
47% of the male students, 53% of the graduate students, 29% of the
undergraduate students, 63% of the other, 34% of the American students and 63%
of the international students said they never checked social media while they were
driving. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">We found that most of the Texas Tech students checked
social media in bed before they slept. Only 5% of the students reported that
they never checked their social media accounts before they slept. 56% of the
students said they often checked social media in bed before they slept. 6% of
the female students and 4% of the male students; 8% of the graduate students,
1% of the undergraduate students, 25% of the other; 5% of the American students
and 6% of the international students said they never checked social media in
bed before they slept. According to our results, most of the students believed
checking social media before sleep had at least a mild effect on sleep. 36% of
the students reported that checking social media in bed before sleep had no
effect on their sleep. 39% of the students said there was mild effect on sleep,
25% of them said they believed it had a bad effect on their sleep patterns. In
general more than a third thought it had no effect, and this was true for all
demographics. 36% of the female students, 36% of the male students; 44% of the
graduate students, 34% of the undergraduate students; 35% of the American
students and 41% of the international students said they did not believe it had
an effect on their sleep. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> Our
results indicated that most of the Texas Tech students were neutral about the
effects of social media on friendships. 63% of the students answered this
question as neutral, 10% of the students said negative and 27% of the students
said that they believed social media were good for friendships. According to
our results, more male students reported that they believed that social media
was good for friendships than female students. While 36% of the male students
reported social media were good for friendships, 31% of the female students
stated social media were good for their friendships.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> According
to our results, most of the Texas Tech students believed that social media had
no effect on their grades. 72% of the students reported that social media had
no effect on their grades. 2% of the students said it was good for their
grades, and 24% of the students said it was bad for their grades. 63% of the
females, 83% of the males, 90% of the graduate students, 62% of the
undergraduate students and 50% of the others said the social media had no
effect; 31% of the females, 15% of the males, 10% of the graduate students, 62%
of the undergraduate students said it had bad effect; 3% of the females and 1%
of the males said social media had a good effect on their grades.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> Our study
indicated that most Texas Tech students knew about the ice bucket challenge and
they felt it was good for the ALS patients. 79% of the students reported that
they knew about the ice bucket challenge, 18% of the students said they
participated in it, and 3% of them said they did not know about the ice bucket
challenge. 49% of the students said they believed the ice bucket challenge was
good for ALS patients, 28% of the students said it was pointless and 23% of the
students said they had no opinion about it.
In the discussion section, I will be discussing the results of the
surveys. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Discussion<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> Even
though our study was not a perfect scientific study, we received many
interesting results in the end. One of our limitations with this study was that
we had only 152 people who filled out the survey. With more funding
opportunities we could have conducted close to 2000 more surveys, and the
results of these surveys could be more representative for the Texas Tech
University students. Another limitation we had was that the only data we had
was what people reported to us as a result of conducting the survey. We did not
measure the people’s actions; we only measured what people reported. We could
not check the validity of what people reported and we accepted as true what
people reported to us.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> In
this section, the results of the surveys will be discussed. Firstly, the usages
of different social media will be discussed. Our results showed that Facebook was
the most popular social media among the Texas Tech students. While we were
summarizing the articles we found, the statement that McDermott made got my
attention. According to him, the number of students who were using Facebook was
decreasing and other social media web sites were getting more popular
(McDermott, 2014). After I read his article, I was expecting the number of
Facebook users and Twitter users to be about the same. However, our results
indicated that Facebook was still the most popular social media type among
students. The number of Twitter users was less than I had expected. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> Another
interesting result was the numbers of YouTube and Google+ users. According to
our results the numbers of YouTube and Google+ users were pretty high. I was
expecting fewer users of both of these social media types. I believe the reason
behind that result is that all of the Google accounts are connected. If a
person registers for YouTube or Google+, that person will automatically be
registered on any Google provided account; or if a person has a Gmail account,
that person can login to any Google products like YouTube, Google+, Google Play
and others. Our survey results verify that situation. Most of the people who
filled out the survey reported that they only had a Google+ account. I believe
it was all because Google forces people to sign up all Google accounts. On the
other hand, the numbers of YouTube users were not close to those of the Google+
users. I believe that people are not aware of the fact that they can access all
of the Google provided web pages with same Gmail account they have.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> My
first two hypotheses were about checking social media while driving. My first
hypothesis was, “Students will admit that they check social media while
driving.” According to our results, 60% of the students reported that they
checked their social media while driving, so my hypothesis was confirmed. On
the other hand, most of the students believe that it is dangerous to check
social media while driving. The results indicate to us that people feel guilty
about checking social media while they are driving. In our surveys, some
students reported that they check social media only at stop signs. My second
hypothesis about checking social media while driving was: “Females will admit
that they check social media while driving more than males”. Our results
validated this hypothesis; 66% of the female students and 53% of the male
students reported that they checked social media while driving. I believe the
reason behind that result is that females are more obsessed with checking what
is happening in people’s lives.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> The
next three hypotheses that I had were about checking social media at bedtime
before they sleep. The first hypothesis was: “Most of the Texas Tech students
will admit that they are checking their social media accounts at bedtime”. Our
survey results support this hypothesis. Only 5% of the students reported that
they never checked social media in bed before they slept. Although the results
supported my hypothesis, I was not expecting that much difference in numbers. I
believed that people checked their phones in bed to fall asleep more easily.
The second hypothesis was: “Texas Tech students believe that checking social
media in bedtime will not cause sleeping disorder”. However, our results
indicated the opposite. According to our results, 36% of the Texas Tech
students believed that checking social media in bed before sleep had no effect
on their sleep. 39% of the students reported that it had a mild effect on
sleep, and 25% of the students believed it had a bad effect on their sleep. I
believe that the reason that social media affect people’s sleep is the social
media notifications. If people don’t get their phone in silent mode, the
notification alerts will wake them up. This result was quite surprising for me.
The third hypothesis was: “Female students check their social media at bed time
more than male students”. Our results indicated very close results for this
hypothesis. 54% of the females and 56% of the male students stated that they
checked social media at bedtime. Although the difference was not significant,
the survey results had proved my hypothesis wrong.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> The
next hypothesis that I had was: “ Texas Tech students will state that they do
not believe social media affect their success in a negative way”. Our results supported that hypothesis. 72% of
the Texas Tech students reported that they believed social media had no effect
on their grades. However the number of students who believed social media had a
bad effect on their grades is considerably higher. 24% of the students reported
that they believed social media had a bad effect on their grades. The reason
behind that result is that social media disturb students while they are
studying. I believe that if students are studying their classes on their
laptops, they most likely will check their social media for a while. Some
students keep it too long and in the end they cannot study for their classes.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> The
last hypothesis that I had was: ”Most of the Texas Tech students have
participated in the ice bucket challenge and donated to the ALS Foundation”.
Our results indicated that most of the students knew about ice bucket challenge
but not many of them participated in it. 78% of the students reported that they
knew about ice bucket challenge but only 18% of the students reported that they
participated in it. That result was surprising for me, because I was expecting
more people to have participated in it. The ice bucket challenge was very
popular in summer time and many Facebook users, even many celebrities
participated in the ice bucket challenge. Another interesting result was only
49% of the students reported that the ice bucket challenge was good for ALS patients;
I was expecting more people would think positively about it.Short videos of
people dumping ice on their heads made a strong impression on everyone, and
they were very memorable, so, we all had the impression that most of the
students participated in ice bucket challenge, however, our results did not
completely support this impression.</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Conclusion<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> In
conclusion, social media have a very important part in our lives and it was
very interesting to study. Even though our study was not a perfect scientific
study, we got many interesting results in the end. In our study, we only had
152 surveys filled out and we measured only students’ reports not their actions.
Further study can be made to discover people’s actions with social media with
appropriate equipment and measurement tools. Comparing people’s reports and
actions can be a very good idea. Finally, I believe that all of our team members’
hypotheses were very strong and can be used in different studies. - Serdar Kaleli</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">References<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Bart,
M. (2009, December 30). Do college student spend too much time on Facebook,
YouTube and other social networking sites? <i>Faculty
Focus. </i>Retrieved (October 2, 2014)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><a href="http://www.facultyfocus.com/articles/edtech-news-and-trends/do-college-students-spend-too-much-time-on-facebook-youtube-and-other-social-networking-sites/"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">http://www.facultyfocus.com/articles/edtech-news-and-trends/do-college-students-spend-too-much-time-on-facebook-youtube-and-other-social-networking-sites/</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Burbach,
C. (n.d.). Ways Social Networking Ruins Friendship. <i>About Relationships. </i>Retrieved (September 25, 2014)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">
</span><a href="http://friendship.about.com/od/Social_Networking/tp/Ways-Social-Networking-Ruins-Friendship.htm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">http://friendship.about.com/od/Social_Networking/tp/Ways-Social-Networking-Ruins-Friendship.htm</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Burchart,
K. (2013, March 13). Social media: changing communication forever. <i>The Argus. </i>Retrieved (September 11,
2014)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><a href="http://www.theargus.ca/articles/opinion/op-ed/2013/03/social-media-changing-communication-forever"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">http://www.theargus.ca/articles/opinion/op-ed/2013/03/social-media-changing-communication-forever</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Fink,
C. E. (2012, June 4-7). Inferring Gender from the Context of Tweets: A Region
Specific Example. <i>Proceedings of the
Sixth International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social media. </i>Retrieved
(October 2, 2014)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><a href="http://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/ICWSM/ICWSM12/paper/viewFile/4644%26lt%3B/5031"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">http://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/ICWSM/ICWSM12/paper/viewFile/4644%26lt%3B/5031</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Guimaraes,
T. (2014, September 12). 7 New Statistics About Facebook Users That Reveal Why
It’s Such a Powerful Marketing Platform. <i>Business
Insider. </i>Retrieved (October 9, 2014)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">
</span><a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/a-primer-on-facebook-user-statistics-2014-9"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">http://www.businessinsider.com/a-primer-on-facebook-user-statistics-2014-9</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Lytle,
R. (2014, September 18). Social Media Users Are More Charitable Than You Might
Think. <i>Mashable. </i>Retrieved (October
2, 2014)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><a href="http://mashable.com/2014/09/18/social-media-charity/"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">http://mashable.com/2014/09/18/social-media-charity/</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Masin,
R. & Faubert, J. D. (2013). Effect of gender and Facebook use on the
development of mature interpersonal relationships. <i>Journal of Student Affairs Vol. XXIII. </i>Retrieved (October 2, 2014)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">
</span><a href="http://works.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1101&context=john_foubert"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">http://works.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1101&context=john_foubert</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">McDermott,
J. (2014, January 21). Facebook losing its edge among college-aged adults. <i>Digiday. </i>Retrieved (September 25, 2014)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">
</span><a href="http://digiday.com/platforms/social-platforms-college-kids-now-prefer/"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">http://digiday.com/platforms/social-platforms-college-kids-now-prefer/</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">McHugh,
M. (2013, September 5). Why do we hate Facebook hashtags? <i>Digital Trends. </i>Retrieved (September 25, 2014)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">
</span><a href="http://www.digitaltrends.com/social-media/why-do-we-hate-facebook-hashtags/#!bNSzV7"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">http://www.digitaltrends.com/social-media/why-do-we-hate-facebook-hashtags/#!bNSzV7</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Mislove,
A.E. (2011, July 17-21). Understanding the Demographics of Twitter Users. <i>Proceedings of the Fifth International AAAI
Conference on Weblogs and Social Media. </i>Retrieved (October 2, 2014) </span><a href="http://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/ICWSM/ICWSM11/paper/viewFile/2816/3234"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">http://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/ICWSM/ICWSM11/paper/viewFile/2816/3234</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Moore,
E. (2011, August 19). Texting, social media affecting teen sleeping patterns. <i>The Daily Iowan. </i>Retrieved (October 2,
2014)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><a href="http://www.dailyiowan.com/2011/08/19/Metro/24431.html"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">http://www.dailyiowan.com/2011/08/19/Metro/24431.html</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Texas
Tech University (2014). <i>Texas Tech
University web page. </i>Retrieved (October 10, 2014)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">
</span><a href="http://www.depts.ttu.edu/officialpublications/facultyHB/general.php"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">http://www.depts.ttu.edu/officialpublications/facultyHB/general.php</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<br /></div>
weblog museumhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07113851247903847410noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7546854401587592256.post-66483607236917324822014-11-26T21:03:00.003-08:002014-12-27T11:54:08.761-08:00Why and How University Students Use YouTube? (SV)<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:RelyOnVML/>
<o:AllowPNG/>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml><![endif]--><br />
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>AR-SA</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/>
<w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/>
<w:OverrideTableStyleHps/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-right:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0in;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
<br />
<div align="center" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Abstract</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-indent: 27.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> Social
networking sites are one of the latest examples of communication technologies
that have been widely adopted by students. The primary objective of conducting
this study was to contribute to understanding of how university students use
social media. We focused more on YouTube, as one of the popular social
networking websites, and graduate students, as representatives of university
students who are more frequently involved in academic activities. A survey,
including twenty five questions, was developed to address key questions in
terms of using different types of social media, including the purpose of using YouTube,
students’ attitudes towards the impact of social media on academic performance,
and gender and nationality differences. Surveys were filled out by 152 students
at a university in west Texas. We found that graduate students were more likely
than other students to use YouTube for learning purposes. A major take-home
message for educators is that social media have the potential to become a
valuable resource to support their educational communications, and they will
benefit from integrating social media, such as YouTube, into university
courses.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-indent: 27.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:RelyOnVML/>
<o:AllowPNG/>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml><![endif]--></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-indent: 27.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>AR-SA</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/>
<w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/>
<w:OverrideTableStyleHps/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-right:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0in;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Introduction<span class="hit"></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 27.0pt;">
<span class="hit"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Social
media </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">are escalating at a rapid rate, impacting all
aspects of our life.<span class="hit"> In fact, it</span> might be difficult to
imagine a world without using some sort of social media such as Facebook,
Twitter, YouTube, or Instagram. The ways we learn, teach, make friends, do
shopping, and interact with each other are affected significantly by social
media sites. The common feature of all these media is facilitating social
networking. “Social networks are defined as a body of applications that augment
group interaction and shared spaces for collaboration, social connections, and
aggregates information exchanges in a web-based environment” </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">(</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Mazman & Usluel, 2011, p. 133</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">. As Stutzman (2006) states, social
networks can be used for “passing time, learning about other people,
maintaining social relations, or following changes at the university, class or
school enrolled” </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">(</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">as cited in Mazman & Usluel,
2011, p. 134</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">. Advantages and
disadvantages of this widespread use of social media are discussed in the
literature. Enhancing communication, social connection, and technical skills is
demonstrated to be the major benefit of using social networking websites for
younger users </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">(</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Ito et al., 2008</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">. On the other hand, deteriorating
face-to-face communication skills, facilitating laziness, reducing family
closeness, and creating a skewed self-image are some of the discussed
disadvantages of using social media for young users </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">(</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Price-Mitchell, 2014</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">. Comparisons of different social
media in terms of their features, number of users, and users’ demographics and
purposes remain as one of the most popular research areas. An example is a
study by Princeton Survey Research Associates International in 2013, which
showed that 42% of online adults in the US use multiple social networking
sites, and Facebook is the dominant social networking platform among them </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">(</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Duggan & Smith, 2013</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 27.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Among
different types of social media, some of us chose to focus on YouTube because
it is the most popular online video website </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">(</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Trier, 2007</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">. YouTube is a video sharing site
founded by Chad Hurley, Steve Chen and Jawed Karim. It was first introduced in
2005 and purchased by Google in 2006 for $1.65 billion </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">(</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Christensen, 2007</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">. Users of YouTube are able to
upload, view, and share video clips for free. Video feeds of YouTube videos can
also be embedded on other websites. These capabilities have made it a very
interesting media especially for youth. They use it for a variety of purposes
including pure entertainment, sharing family videos, posting work
demonstrations, advertising a company or product, and providing access to
educational resources </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">(</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Terantino, 2011</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">. </span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Literature
Review</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 22.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">People’s
age, gender, job, computer literacy, and educational and social levels are
among the factors that may affect their main purpose of using social media
including YouTube. For example, Duggan & Smith (2013) found that Twitter
and Instagram have particular appeal to younger adults and urban dwellers,
while Pinterest is mostly used by female users (women are four times as likely
as men to be Pinterest users), and LinkedIn is especially popular among college
graduates and internet users in higher income households. As for video content,
online men are more likely to watch a video on YouTube on a typical day than
online women (23% vs. 15%). Hashtags staff has also reported that men use
YouTube more than women </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">(</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Hashtags Staff, 2013</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; tab-stops: 27.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Since YouTube is now the second
most-popular search engine on the internet </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">(</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Rivas, Siltala, & Virji, 2013</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">, it is not easy to discover its
users’ main purposes. They may use it for a variety of reasons. For instance,
in the US, one-fifth of YouTube users use it to get the news </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">(</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Holcomb, Gottfried, & Mitchell,
2013</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">. Considering the fact that 51% of
US adults use YouTube; we can say that 10% of the adult population use YouTube
as an alternative news source </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">(</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Holcomb et al., 2013</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">. YouTube is also the most
frequently used social media tool in the classroom </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">(</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Moran, Seaman, & Tinti-Kane, 2011</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">. Teachers and faculty apply it as
an educational resource using different pedagogical methods </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">(</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Trier, 2007</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">. In some classes, YouTube videos
are used as references in each lecture to show examples of what is being taught
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">(</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Sward, 2012</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">. Prensky (2001) believes that
integrating YouTube videos, as educational tools, into foreign language
classrooms has very positive results. Students also use YouTube as a learning
tool outside the classroom, especially when they are not satisfied with their
professor’s lectures or when classroom materials are not enough </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">(</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Sward, 2012</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">. As for graduate students, since
they are mostly involved in research activities, YouTube might be adopted for
research purposes as well. However, there is no evidence to show their specific
purposes. What we know is that in general, undergraduate students are more
likely than graduate students to be heavy users of social media </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">(</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">McGough & Salomon, 2013</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 31.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Either
graduate or undergraduate, students do not use YouTube just for educational
purposes. Entertainment is the major function of a video-sharing website like
YouTube. They may just want to check out the latest music videos or share a
funny experience with their friends. Some believe that “if students would spend
less time on Facebook and other social networking sites, they would get better
grades” </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">(</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Bart, 2009, para. 1</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">. Some studies also confirm the
negative impact of social media on academic performance of university students </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">(</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Asemah, Okpanachi, & Edegoh, 2013</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">. However, a research study at the
University of New Hampshire found that the academic performance of college
students, who heavily engage in Facebook, YouTube, blogs, Twitter, MySpace, and
LinkedIn, is as good as that of students who are less interested in using those
types of social media </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">(</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Bart, 2009</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">. More specifically, O'Brien (2011)
found no significant relationship between Facebook usage and academic
performance among undergraduate students</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">. Therefore, in addition to the
contradictory evidence, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the specific
influence of other types of social media, including YouTube, on students’
academic performance. The result will be important because each type of social
media has particular features that might attract students. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 27.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Using
YouTube is not limited to passively searching for interesting videos and
watching them. A huge number of YouTube users use it more actively. In contrast
with passive users, they upload videos, make comments, subscribe to channels,
create playlists, and like and dislike clips. In fact, user-generated content
is one of the main features that differentiates social media technology from
the traditional types of media (such as news, radio, and television). According
to YouTube Statistics, every minute, 100 hours of video are uploaded to YouTube
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">(</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">YouTube, 2014</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; tab-stops: 31.5pt; text-indent: 31.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> Users’
intentions for sharing videos on YouTube may be influenced by different factors
including gender.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">The
results of a survey among 341 video sharers revealed that in contrast with male
users, whose intention is strongly influenced by interpersonal norms, female
users’ intention is strongly influenced by usefulness and social norms </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">(</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Yang, Hsu, & Tan, 2010</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">. Gender differences are also
reported among university students. Vedantham (2011) conducted a study to
explore gender differences in online video creation among first-year
undergraduate students attending a highly selective research university. She
found that male users claim more participation in creating video and editing, as
well as more participation in making videos for required school projects </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">(</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Vedantham, 2011</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">. Another study on 1,060 urban
undergraduate students determined that “with creating film or video, fewer than
one in five women (16.9 percent) have done so compared with over a quarter
(26.6 percent) of men in the sample” </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">(</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Hargittai & Walejko, 2007, p. 247</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">. Although these studies show that
male undergraduate students use YouTube more actively compared to females, it
might be different among graduate students and therefore remains a gap in
knowledge.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; tab-stops: 31.5pt; text-indent: 31.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> Finally,
nationality might affect the preference for a certain type of social media. A
study by Bond University revealed that the four most popular social networking
websites are the same among domestic and international students in Australia
(in order, Facebook, YouTube, Twitter and LinkedIn) </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">(</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Saw, Abbott, Donaghey, &
McDonald, 2012</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">. It was also
found that international students in the US prefer to be communicated to
through social media more than domestic students </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">(</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Genius Recruiter, 2014</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">. They follow or like their
university on social media more than their American peers. Few studies have
been conducted on this area and there is still plenty of room for research to
provide an understanding of the possible differences.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; tab-stops: 31.5pt; text-indent: 31.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">In
order to address the discussed issues, this study aimed to answer the following
questions:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 31.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 31.5pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">What is graduate
students’ main purpose of using YouTube?</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 31.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 31.5pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">How graduate
students feel about the impact of using YouTube on their academic performance?</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 31.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 31.5pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Is there a
significant difference between male and female graduate students in terms of
using YouTube and active engagement?</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 31.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 31.5pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Is there a significant
difference between international and domestic graduate students in using
YouTube?</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Methods</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 27.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">In
order to investigate the research questions, we used a survey method targeting
university students. A questionnaire, including twenty five questions, was developed
and distributed, in printed and online versions, among students at Texas Tech
University (TTU). The survey started with demographic questions about
participants’ age, level of study, and nationality, followed by questions
asking about the way students use, think of, and feel about social media (see
Appendix 1). We asked about both social media in general and specific types of
social media (e.g. Facebook or YouTube). </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 27.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Students
of TTU were selected because of their convenient accessibility and proximity to
us. They were also considered fairly representative of university students in
the US in general. TTU is a public research university with current enrollment
of 35,158. Approximately 64% of the students are Caucasian, and 36% are from
ethnically diverse populations. While 84% of these students are Texas
residents, around 7% are of foreign residency </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">(</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Texas Tech
University, 2014</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">. Table 1 shows
the proportion of males and females in graduate and undergraduate levels. </span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMJ2KPsE892bgThR81pdP80g1z7TrZkvRyY-I7qYOxs0f6eEmlwsHuwu-Z_rzqnK7Xepfmux4AOpqdPiCfRQ5oBu651FncNhg25OSo2vWGBrcBw0OnHNLKt2dp3yX_A721jHKocyaWvNxW/s1600/Table1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMJ2KPsE892bgThR81pdP80g1z7TrZkvRyY-I7qYOxs0f6eEmlwsHuwu-Z_rzqnK7Xepfmux4AOpqdPiCfRQ5oBu651FncNhg25OSo2vWGBrcBw0OnHNLKt2dp3yX_A721jHKocyaWvNxW/s1600/Table1.jpg" height="300" width="400" /></a></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 27.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">For
the purpose of this study, we tried to collect data from almost the same number
of males and females who were willing to participate. We agreed not to put them
under pressure to check all items or give <span class="gmw">advice on how to fill
out the survey. Once someone began to fill out the survey, he/she was free to
withdraw at any time. Their feedback was welcomed as we were interested to hear
their opinion and apply it in our data analysis. Respondents were also provided
with detailed information about our class and research project if they asked
for it.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 27.0pt;">
<span class="gmw"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">An
online survey was created in Google Forms due to its simplicity, easy data
organization, and access to unlimited respondents. Interested participants
could click on a link on our course blog to fill out the survey. Some of them
were also invited through university email. The questionnaire was made
available on October 17, 2014 and closed a week later on October 24. </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">We
could monitor the progress on the online forms and easily export the data to an
Excel sheet. We also transformed the collected data from paper surveys to an
excel sheet and combined it with the first file to make it ready for data
analysis. </span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Results</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; tab-stops: .5in; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> Over
the period of one week of data collection, a total of 167 individuals responded
to the survey. We removed data from 15 respondents because they had not
completed all items. Hence, the total sample with sufficient data was 152. This
number consisted of 80 females and 72 males. As it is shown in figure 1, these
two groups exhibited considerable similarities in the level of study. However,
as we intended, nationality distribution did not show similarity in pattern
(Figure 2). Since the main purpose was to look into the use of YouTube by
American students, eighty percent of the participants were US citizens. This
difference was taken into consideration when comparing responses of this group
with that of international students (discussed in the next chapter). In total, almost
half of the whole sample (49%) was made up of undergraduate Americans, followed
by graduate Americans (26%).</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqxb5XrBXVjtI810t8ByXOZfshbC3sghBntQz8WznKuQPPZnLH-Zd-dVSaiwKOr3ThNRntbazPJvMy3HRdQRiCswAF38DM4hGLW9fhpSeHs8d5nvrbIKXYCljpBVBoj9_lYE1ySANhe7o1/s1600/fig1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqxb5XrBXVjtI810t8ByXOZfshbC3sghBntQz8WznKuQPPZnLH-Zd-dVSaiwKOr3ThNRntbazPJvMy3HRdQRiCswAF38DM4hGLW9fhpSeHs8d5nvrbIKXYCljpBVBoj9_lYE1ySANhe7o1/s1600/fig1.jpg" height="300" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; tab-stops: .5in; text-indent: .5in;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjik2kWDTwe0gd3V_c5AAM_XSGXrFiU_SJ10Ii4w-VW6tDtu2W2k8_7zNzcIjmuPdeHeiQqft0FHe99H3IiOsXLpMbV3QUWNBZPHcPQRjnqptecHC7iiUMkHzipojkB2a8qWDQCH-m0LGmV/s1600/fig2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjik2kWDTwe0gd3V_c5AAM_XSGXrFiU_SJ10Ii4w-VW6tDtu2W2k8_7zNzcIjmuPdeHeiQqft0FHe99H3IiOsXLpMbV3QUWNBZPHcPQRjnqptecHC7iiUMkHzipojkB2a8qWDQCH-m0LGmV/s1600/fig2.jpg" height="300" width="400" /></a></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; tab-stops: .5in; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> After
identifying the distribution of data within different groups of participants,
we performed a series of analyses to find the answers to our research
questions. In order to determine the way that students use and feel about
YouTube, first we looked into their differences in using YouTube and other
types of social media. Data revealed that YouTube was the second most popular
social medium, along with Instagram, which was claimed to be used occasionally.
Facebook had the highest number of occasional users and Ello had the smallest
(Figure 3). </span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfQdWTl6l9p4zYAu1xIMKwfznTZPx4bnNNSWypj9kO7T7N7EyUGoh-PERQXpZEzqa_o0jr4NPZ-chqbZl9Fpsq8-s3AihcOGlWsJfdVbBzWsIpEvto-DwuEvwtnHAXlIRCK-bLmIZDg9Qo/s1600/fig3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfQdWTl6l9p4zYAu1xIMKwfznTZPx4bnNNSWypj9kO7T7N7EyUGoh-PERQXpZEzqa_o0jr4NPZ-chqbZl9Fpsq8-s3AihcOGlWsJfdVbBzWsIpEvto-DwuEvwtnHAXlIRCK-bLmIZDg9Qo/s1600/fig3.jpg" height="300" width="400" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> The
main purpose of using YouTube among all participants was entertainment (36.2%),
followed by learning about a topic (26%) and fixing a problem (20.6%) (Figure
4). These percentages were extracted from the number of participants who
claimed to use this media usually or often for each purpose. The pattern was similar
among the subsample of graduate students (Figure 5), meaning that the majority
of this group stated that they used YouTube usually or often for entertainment
(37%), followed by learning about a topic (32%) and fixing a problem (22%). </span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkCL2FQFu_oxW6ty3e4oxiog9wXkDe4-47cccLBBkVP-cBO-EX7AxznDLKb-uPDOauqkTXYGvAR3Hw-SuxtK6X2ENErr1mHKKdQkWUe9mlZEL7E0fy8vLPQnwtcAldMbhkVP1Uidu4brEA/s1600/fig4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkCL2FQFu_oxW6ty3e4oxiog9wXkDe4-47cccLBBkVP-cBO-EX7AxznDLKb-uPDOauqkTXYGvAR3Hw-SuxtK6X2ENErr1mHKKdQkWUe9mlZEL7E0fy8vLPQnwtcAldMbhkVP1Uidu4brEA/s1600/fig4.jpg" height="300" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgo-tXkmghV9nWNl4OA_m7yM5WNulDNZcSgNcWr3wQcWf5yQ7ebSy0K82cv5ob-Sm6sRILEd3L7vzMFiUXKwYlkE5mHxQIvxtQRXiANDS15di_g3nqLqdZg190D-7CcvFApU_5tgg8DfVZh/s1600/fig5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgo-tXkmghV9nWNl4OA_m7yM5WNulDNZcSgNcWr3wQcWf5yQ7ebSy0K82cv5ob-Sm6sRILEd3L7vzMFiUXKwYlkE5mHxQIvxtQRXiANDS15di_g3nqLqdZg190D-7CcvFApU_5tgg8DfVZh/s1600/fig5.jpg" height="300" width="400" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> In
terms of the impact of social media on grades, 74% of respondents believed in
no effect, while 24% assumed that it could have a bad effect, and only three of
them (2%) believed in a good effect (Figure 6). None of those three were
graduate students, though. Figure 7 shows that a greater majority of graduate
students believed in no effect of social media on grades.</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrzJcd5RE3UwdNmwJyibG_Hm81O6hiJwiyQuUxqyTkiDFhCg4goHlFLeon9nYqzqAB6K2ItsvETiZylFyPhrdNZJzbjhtxnNaIUGAoFKljUvJmah2B0cI2Esu69tOJoQQh1k20yUHEQjZC/s1600/fig6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrzJcd5RE3UwdNmwJyibG_Hm81O6hiJwiyQuUxqyTkiDFhCg4goHlFLeon9nYqzqAB6K2ItsvETiZylFyPhrdNZJzbjhtxnNaIUGAoFKljUvJmah2B0cI2Esu69tOJoQQh1k20yUHEQjZC/s1600/fig6.jpg" height="300" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZEYBSD4wB0f9NFJTSP1DpY-dxLNT79pOkS916M2weu_BdDF8D-RgIo8TicgOG2gjbjE0pFtEbo1onOB3amkX7olwjSIgtP_IjHoqRNqm3ldmHbafeNrvWnu03JfUpFACih1_ZzY34Q_jY/s1600/fig7.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZEYBSD4wB0f9NFJTSP1DpY-dxLNT79pOkS916M2weu_BdDF8D-RgIo8TicgOG2gjbjE0pFtEbo1onOB3amkX7olwjSIgtP_IjHoqRNqm3ldmHbafeNrvWnu03JfUpFACih1_ZzY34Q_jY/s1600/fig7.jpg" height="300" width="400" /></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; tab-stops: .5in; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> Regarding
the gender differences in actively using YouTube, male and female respondents,
who had claimed to use YouTube occasionally or post on it regularly, were
compared as representative active users. No big difference was found between
these two groups. Figure 8 shows that 30% of all female and 33.3% of all male
participants reported using or posting on YouTube regularly or occasionally.
The rest had checked either ‘have an account’ or ‘don’t know/use’. Furthermore,
the number of men who stated that they did not use or know YouTube (9.7% of all
men) was smaller than half of that number for women (20% of all women) (Figure
9). A similar comparison was made between male and female graduate students to
discover whether a higher level of study affects active use of YouTube or not.
The result, shown in Figure 10, indicated the same pattern. Totally, 26% of
female graduate students (8 out of 31 individuals) and 32.5% of male graduate
students (9 out of 28 individuals) reported using or posting on YouTube
regularly or occasionally. The rest had checked either ‘have an account’ or
‘don’t know/use’.</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMUglMPTNAIg5Idy11BXalbLcWoe47j6MGCo4fTFc3CbLtZZRT4xSyVoCAnmwdOLuVjVEW944h9bSg0WEJEfYylmzBf0IlcdqpgacHdAcHEjC_2pZVgiXG-ac0NgjHSn1ngfrkkIUvqQLi/s1600/fig8.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMUglMPTNAIg5Idy11BXalbLcWoe47j6MGCo4fTFc3CbLtZZRT4xSyVoCAnmwdOLuVjVEW944h9bSg0WEJEfYylmzBf0IlcdqpgacHdAcHEjC_2pZVgiXG-ac0NgjHSn1ngfrkkIUvqQLi/s1600/fig8.jpg" height="300" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLh6zor5GOQliQgMPZ1ualg-iv1kKsHKOEU4J7jBn9PZUJ2fqYaCn4X-u8hsmJrQrhMl1pZ-bv8zvHCOpYjunqUGX9gx9MAMci1U696xa_BNFghyU3TTyaPMyGrNBEz-9SH2j6c6r-Y6cG/s1600/fig9.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLh6zor5GOQliQgMPZ1ualg-iv1kKsHKOEU4J7jBn9PZUJ2fqYaCn4X-u8hsmJrQrhMl1pZ-bv8zvHCOpYjunqUGX9gx9MAMci1U696xa_BNFghyU3TTyaPMyGrNBEz-9SH2j6c6r-Y6cG/s1600/fig9.jpg" height="300" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRDtmhGglcnbEBeeVwFZq5XFIwSHLpFYMPlpF3FUtZsGKIhxb87G2-Gofh8TAiFhc4sR7Fdl6pkE2k5MmumnqoIbVcirwUmt8iEUNA7YhgHa7JPC_04m3VJcOy7a3Y5cHsxrbP9s4JKTYd/s1600/fig10.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRDtmhGglcnbEBeeVwFZq5XFIwSHLpFYMPlpF3FUtZsGKIhxb87G2-Gofh8TAiFhc4sR7Fdl6pkE2k5MmumnqoIbVcirwUmt8iEUNA7YhgHa7JPC_04m3VJcOy7a3Y5cHsxrbP9s4JKTYd/s1600/fig10.jpg" height="300" width="400" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> As
for the difference between American and international graduate students, they
were compared in terms of the amount of time they claim to spend on YouTube.
Figure 11 shows how each group reported using YouTube. From all American
graduate students (39 individuals), only 5% reported posting regularly on
YouTube, but 20.5% claimed to use it occasionally and 56.5% confirmed having a
YouTube account. On the other hand, from all international graduate students
(20 individuals), 20% reported posting regularly; 15% claimed to use it
occasionally, and 60% confirmed having a YouTube account. Lastly, while only 5%
in the international group claimed not to know or use YouTube, this number for
Americans was 18%.</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5quHRpMPDMxjpQZtkoIoHcZ_s9Q-4oSKjIhQtXo2GBwF56jUO6Usf0eunuamkrI3qTqwpidgZt2VB_GkgtBMbJtcN_UjR60q1v2ZIvXlpBmscpHOSzLMdEgqqSaCus-YawCw8LOe9nHGc/s1600/fig11.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5quHRpMPDMxjpQZtkoIoHcZ_s9Q-4oSKjIhQtXo2GBwF56jUO6Usf0eunuamkrI3qTqwpidgZt2VB_GkgtBMbJtcN_UjR60q1v2ZIvXlpBmscpHOSzLMdEgqqSaCus-YawCw8LOe9nHGc/s1600/fig11.jpg" height="300" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Discussion</span></b></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 27.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">The
ultimate purpose of this study was to explore the way university students use
social media. We addressed four focused questions to find out what is special
about graduate students in terms of using YouTube, as one of the popular types
of social media. The first finding indicates that YouTube is the second most popular
social medium, along with Instagram, which makes it worthwhile to study. That
is, discovering the way young people use YouTube would help us to understand capabilities
of social media in general. Future studies may focus on the reasons behind
students’ preference for some sorts of social media. In the case of YouTube,
some of the reasons might be: ease of access; containing a huge collection of
videos; being one of the first video sharing platforms and one of a few free
video sharing platforms in the world.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 27.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">The
results of the developed survey suggest that the major reasons for using YouTube
are entertainment and learning about a topic. What makes graduate students
different from other respondents, in terms of their purposes, is that they use
this website for entertainment and learning about a topic almost equally. In
contrast with other participants, there was not a big difference between the
number of graduate students who reported using YouTube usually or often for fun
and learning. A considerable number also use it when they need to figure out
how to fix a problem. Using YouTube as an entertainment platform is not
surprising, but the big number of students who use it for learning purposes
(either about a topic or to fix a problem) demonstrates the capability of this
medium to be used as a strong educational tool. Nevertheless, our results
indicate that only a small number of students are assigned to use it by their
instructors, which is inconsistent with what was shown by previous studies </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">(</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Sward, 2012</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 27.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Regarding
the impact of using YouTube on academic performance, it was found that a large
majority of graduate students believe that social media do not have any effect
on school grades. Although we did not ask specifically about YouTube, this
finding indicates how they generally feel about the potential association
between using a website like YouTube and academic performance. This result is
consistent with what was found in another study by examining school grades </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">(</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Bart, 2009</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">. However, there is a need for a
study to examine the association between using social media and graduate
students’ actual academic performance, and compare it with findings of the
present study. The reason behind graduate students’ stronger belief in no
effect might be their almost equal use of YouTube (as one of the popular media)
for entertainment and learning. It means that although they consider it a
source of entertainment, they find it beneficial to improve their knowledge.
Therefore, they do not think of any damaging effect of spending time on
YouTube. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> We
were also curious about gender differences because previous studies, mostly on
undergraduate students, found that men use YouTube more actively than women </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">(</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Hargittai & Walejko, 2007</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">. Our findings, however, did not
show a big difference between these two groups. It is worth reminding that
undergraduates formed the majority of our sample group too. As for graduate
students, men claimed to be slightly more active than women in using or posting
on YouTube. In addition, a significantly smaller number of men in this group
reported not knowing or using YouTube compared to women. Therefore, male
graduate students may be more active than their female peers. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> Finally,
nationality was the last investigated variable. Comparing American and
international graduate students revealed that those in the latter group use YouTube
more actively. This difference, however, may not be significant, especially
with the unbalanced sampling from the two groups. It was also found that the
number of American graduate students who do not know or use this medium is
higher than those in the international group. This finding highlights
international students’ greater interest in using YouTube. Considering the fact
that learning about a topic was one of the major purposes of using YouTube, the
reason behind international students’ greater interest might be the more
convenient way of learning through watching videos comparing to text-reading, particularly
when it is not in one’s first language.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 27.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Although
this study provides new insights into the way young people use social media, some
drawbacks might threaten the generalizability of our results. First, our sample
was not sufficiently representative of the target population due to the small
number of survey respondents. Second, descriptive statistics showed that the
subsets of our sample did not have similar nationality and study level distributions.
In addition, this study was conducted at one university in one state. More
replications, in similar and other settings, are warranted to afford greater
confidence in study findings or shed light on other aspects of using social
media.</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Conclusion</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 27.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">A
variety of capabilities make YouTube interesting to university students. Our
results showed that in addition to entertainment purposes, it is used as a
learning tool, especially among graduate students who spend more time on their
studies and doing research. This means that YouTube has a considerable
potential to be used for educational purposes. According to our findings, this
potential is not realized by university instructors. Furthermore, since YouTube
is the second most popular social media platform and the second largest search engine,
applying it in a class or incorporating it into course content does not take
any effort to encourage students to use it. They are already using it, regardless
of their demographic background. There is only a need for learning how to
leverage extensive capabilities of YouTube in the process of teaching and
learning.</span></div>
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:RelyOnVML/>
<o:AllowPNG/>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml><![endif]--><br />
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>AR-SA</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/>
<w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/>
<w:OverrideTableStyleHps/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-right:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0in;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center; text-indent: 27.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">References</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center; text-indent: 27.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_ENREF_1"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;"><span class="gmw_">Asemah, E. S., Okpanachi, R. A., & Edegoh, L. O. (2013). Influence of social media on the academic performance of the undergraduate students of Kogi State University, <span class="gm_ gm_8837bc28-e7f6-5da1-a693-ef5e47a80581 gm-spell">Anyigba</span>, Nigeria. </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Research on Humanities and Social Sciences, 3</i>(12), 90-96. </span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_ENREF_2"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Bart, M. (2009). Do
college students spend too much time on Facebook, YouTube and other social
networking sites? <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Faculty Focus Articles.</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Retrieved Oct. 2, 2014, from </span></a><a href="http://www.facultyfocus.com/articles/edtech-news-and-trends/do-college-students-spend-too-much-time-on-facebook-youtube-and-other-social-networking-sites/"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ENREF_2;"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">http://www.facultyfocus.com/articles/edtech-news-and-trends/do-college-students-spend-too-much-time-on-facebook-youtube-and-other-social-networking-sites/</span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_ENREF_3"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Christensen, C. (2007).
New literacies: YouTube: The evolution of media? <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Screen Education</i>(45), 36-40. </span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_ENREF_4"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Duggan, M., &
Smith, A. (2013). Social media update 2013. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Internet
& Tech.</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Retrieved Sept. 25,
2014, from </span></a><a href="http://www.pewinternet.org/2013/12/30/social-media-update-2013/#fn-6228-1"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ENREF_4;"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">http://www.pewinternet.org/2013/12/30/social-media-update-2013/#fn-6228-1</span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_ENREF_5"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Genius Recruiter.
(2014). New data on social media habits of students.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Retrieved Oct. 2, 2014, from </span></a><a href="http://geniusrecruiter.com/2014/03/31/new-data-social-media-habits-students/"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ENREF_5;"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">http://geniusrecruiter.com/2014/03/31/new-data-social-media-habits-students/</span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_ENREF_6"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Hargittai, E., &
Walejko, G. (2007). The participation divide: Content creation and sharing in
the digital age. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Information,
Communication & Society, 11</i>(2), 239-256. </span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_ENREF_7"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Hashtags Staff. (2013).
Gender and social media: How men and women differ.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Retrieved Sept. 28, 2014, from https://</span></a><a href="http://www.hashtags.org/business/management/gender-and-social-media-how-men-and-women-differ/"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ENREF_7;"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">www.hashtags.org/business/management/gender-and-social-media-how-men-and-women-differ/</span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_ENREF_8"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Holcomb, J., Gottfried,
J., & Mitchell, A. (2013). News use across social media platforms. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Media & News.</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Retrieved Sept. 28, 2014, from </span></a><a href="http://www.journalism.org/2013/11/14/news-use-across-social-media-platforms/"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ENREF_8;"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">http://www.journalism.org/2013/11/14/news-use-across-social-media-platforms/</span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_ENREF_9"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;"><span class="gmw_">Ito, M., Horst, H., Bittanti, M., <span class="gm_ gm_fb40da15-f338-0bdb-05b9-452838b725d8 gm-spell">boyd</span>, D., Herr-Stephenson, B., Lange, P. G., . . . Tripp, L. (2008). Living and learning with new media: Summary of findings from the digital youth project. </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Building the field
of digital media and learning</i>. Chicago, IL: Mac Arthur Foundation.</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_ENREF_10"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Mazman, S. G., &
Usluel, Y. K. (2011). Gender differences in using social networks. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Turkish Online Journal of Educational
Technology, 10</i>(2), 133-139. </span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_ENREF_11"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">McGough, B. L., &
Salomon, D. (2013). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Engaging students
through social media.</i> Paper presented at the Charleston Library,
Charleston, SC.</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_ENREF_12"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Moran, M., Seaman, J.,
& Tinti-Kane, H. (2011). How today’s higher education faculty use social
media. Babson Park, MA: Babson Survey Research Group.</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_ENREF_13"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">O'Brien, S. (2011). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Facebook and other internet use and the
academic performance of college students.</i> Doctoral dissertation, Temple
University.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_ENREF_14"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Price-Mitchell, M.
(2014). Disadvantages of social networking: Surprising insights from
teens.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Retrieved Sept. 28, 2014, from </span></a><a href="http://www.rootsofaction.com/disadvantages-of-social-networking/"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ENREF_14;"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">http://www.rootsofaction.com/disadvantages-of-social-networking/</span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_ENREF_15"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Rivas, M., Siltala, M.,
& Virji, P. (2013). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">YouTube:
Optimization tips for the second most-popular search engine</i>. Paper
presented at the Search Marketing Expo, New York, NY. </span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_ENREF_16"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Saw, G., Abbott, W.,
Donaghey, J., & McDonald, C. (2012). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Social
Media for International Students: It's not all about Facebook.</i> Paper
presented at the 33rd Annual IATUL Conference, Singapore.</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_ENREF_17"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Sward, J. (2012).
‘UI-Tube’: YouTube hits Illinois’ classes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Retrieved Oct. 1, 2014, from </span></a><a href="http://www.dailyillini.com/article_bdc1ebd0-c7a2-551c-8a39-f701be3a81bc.html?mode=jqm"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ENREF_17;"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">http://www.dailyillini.com/article_bdc1ebd0-c7a2-551c-8a39-f701be3a81bc.html?mode=jqm</span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_ENREF_18"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Terantino, J. M.
(2011). Emerging technologies: Youtube for foreign languages. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Language Learning & Technology, 15</i>(1),
10-16. </span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_ENREF_19"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Texas Tech University.
(2014). The TTU Student Population.<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">
Student Counseling Center.</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Retrieved
Oct. 10, 2014, from </span></a><a href="http://www.depts.ttu.edu/scc/APA_Internship/Student.php"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ENREF_19;"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">http://www.depts.ttu.edu/scc/APA_Internship/Student.php</span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_ENREF_20"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Texas Tech University
Fact Book. (2014). Total Enrollment by Gender - Fall 2014. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Enrollment.</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Retrieved Oct.
30, 2014, from </span></a><a href="http://www.irim.ttu.edu/FactBook/Enrollment/ENRSEX.aspx"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ENREF_20;"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">http://www.irim.ttu.edu/FactBook/Enrollment/ENRSEX.aspx</span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_ENREF_21"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Trier, J. (2007).
"Cool" engagements with YouTube: Part 1. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 50</i>(5), 408-412. </span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_ENREF_22"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Vedantham, A. (2011). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Making Youtube and Facebook videos: Gender
differences in online video creation among first-year undergraduate students
attending a highly selective research university.</i> Doctoral Dissertation,
University of Pennsylvania.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_ENREF_23"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Yang, C., Hsu, Y.,
& Tan, S. (2010). Predicting the determinants of users’ intentions for
using YouTube to share video: Moderating gender effects. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Cyberpsychology,Behavior, and Social Networking, 13</i>(2), 141-152. </span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_ENREF_24"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">YouTube. (2014).
Statistics. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Press.</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Retrieved Sept. 25, 2014, from https://</span></a><a href="http://www.youtube.com/yt/press/statistics.html"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ENREF_24;"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">www.youtube.com/yt/press/statistics.html</span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<br />weblog museumhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07113851247903847410noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7546854401587592256.post-44982227572435575232014-11-09T10:52:00.000-08:002014-11-09T11:15:14.382-08:00Survey Accounts<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"> </span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>Process of
Finishing Surveys</b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: small;">When I started to collect my surveys I thought I
should go to one of the coffee shops near campus so that I could find many
Texas Tech students. Finding students was the easiest part. I am so glad that
everybody filled out the survey willingly. This is because our survey was about
something that everybody had some idea about. All of them seemed interested in
our study. So, I could say that I was lucky, because I did not have any problem
getting people to fill out my survey.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"> If I talk about the time, they all give it back
in 3-5 minutes. So, I could say that they were focused on the questions. The
only problem I realized after I got back the surveys, was that most of them did
not fill out the ‘from international, from USA’ part. I believe that they
missed out because of the font. I did have to ask them to fill that part.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"> Overall, I found 5 American males, 5 American females, 1 international
female, and 1 international male. I believe I have done very well to complete
this process. (KNA)</span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="line-height: 200%;">My Story of Collecting Data</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;">Although I did not have direct access
to my friends and colleagues in Texas Tech, I had no problem with data
collection. In order to make an online survey to be sent to respondents, I
started with checking out Survey Monkey, as I had used it before, and it was a
familiar tool. However, it could not be used for this study because of its
limitation on the number of questions in the free plan. After a short search, I
found that Google has a similar service, called Google Forms, <span class="st">for creating
forms of all kinds, including quizzes, surveys, and questionnaires. I
transferred the final questions, which were discussed in class, to an online
form and sent the link to my friends. The following note was written in the
email that I sent them:</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.2in;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Hello
friends,</span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.2in;">
<span style="font-size: small;">I hope you
are all having a wonderful weekend.<br /><span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_"> <span class="gm_ gm_388a382b-18c2-d58a-6530-46e4bd24f6d6 gm-spell">Sometime in the middle of your free time (which is probably too much!), once you’re in the mood to help me with a study, please fill out a survey by clicking on the following link.</span> It’s for my ESL 5301, where I practice advanced writing with other international students.</span></span><br />
Questions are about using social media by TTU students. So, it’s all about fun
stuff! Let me know if you have any problem or question while filling it out.</span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.2in;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Thank you so
much,</span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.2in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span class="gm_ gm_5a5477db-47ee-4494-ec3d-8a38b9db30c6 gm-spell">Shabboo</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"> </span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;">After one hour, a friend of mine, who
was the first respondent, texted me and mentioned a problem in one of the
questions. I had forgotten to provide the second choice for question number 8,
which was NO. Fortunately, his reply to this question was YES and it did not
affect his response. Other than that, I did not receive any feedback. I could
check out the responses to see how many where completed. When the desired
number was reached, I exported the responses directly to Excel sheets. (SV)</span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<h2 align="center" style="line-height: normal; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">The story
about collecting the survey</span></span></h2>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;">I
asked one of my colleagues in my lab to fill out a survey for social media.
When he looked at the survey at first sight, he thought the topic of the survey
was very interesting. He immediately asked me why I did this survey and I
answered him that this was for my English writing class. He commended that the
class was very interesting and closely followed the trend of the modern
society. After he looked through two-page questions of the survey, he said that
there were too many questions. I explained that this survey included all kinds
of questions proposed by different classmates in my class. In addition, he
mentioned that he met his wife on a social media site. About three years ago,
he was in Beijing and his wife was in Shanghai. Beijing and Shanghai are very
far away. He had never been to Shanghai and his wife had never been to Beijing.
However, one day, he found a girl from Shanghai that followed him on a social
media. He looked at the pictures of this girl and immediately felt that his
heartbeat sped up. He found that this girl was the one that he was looking for
for a long time. Later he and the girl became friends and they discussed
everything. They were surprised that they had so many common interests and they
could understand each other very easily. After that the girl became his
girlfriend and he moved to Shanghai. Two years ago, they married in Shanghai
and had a boy. He told this story with a great smile on his face. I could feel
that he was very happy. I was so impressed about his story. At the same time, I
was astonished about the power of social media. Later, he spent about 3 minutes
to fill this survey out. When he gave me the survey, I said thanks to him, not
only for his answers, but also his story. When I reviewed his answers, I found
he missed some questions. I thought it might be because the characters on the
survey were small and then asked him to supplement it. (FL)</span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>Survey collection</b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"> <span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_">I conducted the surveys mostly in my department and people mostly filled them out willingly. I had a total of 14 surveys filled out; 11 of them filled it out on paper; 3 of them filled it out online. I, my wife <span class="gm_ gm_64c47488-1258-a225-7966-3da3fb590f0e gm-spell">Tugce</span><span class="gmw_"> and an American male friend from my department filled out the survey online. Overall, people thought our survey was interesting and fun to fill out. The first two people who filled out the survey were my female friends. While we were in our graduate studio, I asked them to fill out our survey if they had 5 minutes and they agreed to fill them out willingly. While they were filling out the survey, one of them told me that she just realized how much she uses Facebook. The other lady asked to get a copy, because she thought our survey is quite interesting ,and she wanted to use our survey as an example for one of her class. After they were done with filling out their surveys, I asked another graduate student to fill out our survey if she had 5 minutes. Since she is a new student and doesn’t know me a lot, she was not sure about filling out the survey and I was completely ok with that. But at that time, the other two ladies told her that they also filled the survey and it was fun; in the end, she was convinced to fill out the survey. One of the male students from my department told me about how much he hates the ice bucket challenge while he was filling out the survey. <span class="gm_ gm_dbe257ec-b002-42cc-be33-43c60aa7dc18 gm-spell">Another male student, while he was filling out question number, 1 told me that he has both Facebook and Twitter accounts and he is actively using them; on the other hand, although he doesn’t have an account, he visits Vine and YouTube web pages regularly to watch videos.</span> He explained to me that he checked both have an account and post regularly for Facebook and Twitter; he checked "only use occasionally" for Vine and YouTube. Finally, I realized that some of the male students were laughing while they were filling out some of the questions, but I couldn’t figure out why. (SK)</span></span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: small;">Survey</span></b></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;">I started
on the survey on Thursday Oct. 16<sup>th.
</sup>I worked in Holden Hall building, particularly on the first and
second levels. I asked many students around this building. Some students accepted
that survey and others rejected cooperation in this survey. I noted females were
more cooperative than males, because many males refused to fill out the survey.
My strategy in this survey was that I intended to ask students who were free or
worked with their phones, because I did want to upset some students who read
books or worked with their laptops. My survey included 15 survey papers, 8
American females, 6 American males and me; 7 of them were graduate students and
the others were undergraduate students. I did the survey during two days,
around one hour for each day. I
noted all of them use social media except one girl; she does not use social
media. Each one had different answers from others depending on their method of
using them. Finally, this was a nice experience; I benefited from it. (FA) </span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="line-height: 200%;">Survey summary </span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"> <span class="gmw_">This survey was taken in the <span class="gm_ gm_f64ef390-b052-5692-4e4d-a88c1fe72e05 gm-spell">geocience</span> department, Texas Tech University on October 21</span><sup>st</sup>, 2014. Five graduate students in remote sensing lab, 10
undergraduate students in spatial analysis lab, three teaching assistants, two
faculty members participated in this survey. Everyone was glad to help me do
this survey. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span class="gmw_"> There was something interesting during this survey. One student said he had "killed a few" when taking the ice bucket challenge (question 10) and also described the whole process when he dumped a bucket of ice water onto <span class="gmw_">his head. It was funny and everyone in<span class="gm_ gm_aff9b363-9d49-aa69-ab7c-2e205a789774 gm-spell gm_tiny"> </span>class laughed loudly. Another boy described his feeling of the ice bucket challenge, that he would rather have had all diseases and autoimmune disorder. One boy said he sometimes checked his Facebook account when he was waiting at a stop sign (question 2). For question 19, one boy said whether to publish his relationship status depended on the site. A few students didn’t care about the “real name” policy of Facebook, so they had such comments as “neutral” for question 7. </span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"> The
biggest problem for this survey is that some students just checked their gender
but did not select their education level or whether they were American or
international. (YL)</span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>Surveys</b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span class="gmw_"> <span class="gm_ gm_b9933d3a-2ca1-18a6-b492-1dcb00699aa1 gm-spell">I was guilty of putting all the demographic information in one line; I thought I was clever to get all the survey into a single piece of paper, but the price was that some people didn't see to check off all the necessary places.</span> I got plenty of surveys, but several were incompletely filled out. One didn't fill out male or female. You never know if they just object to those questions!</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span class="gmw_"> I got most of the surveys in the Writing Lab where I work when I'm not teaching. A couple of them were student workers; one of those was an international undergraduate. One woman said "Facebook is the devil!" and told about being forced to tweet in a Literary Criticism class. She hated that assignment and told the teacher so. She also objected to the column "don't know/don't use" because there were several that she knew well, but didn't use. She was one who just crossed out "don't know" because then the answer would be true. To us it didn't matter, if you don't know or don't use <span class="gm_ gm_95f4f7c4-80d4-2e20-acfe-7fb1145b068c gm-spell">it's</span><span class="gmw_"> the same, but to her it was important. In fact<span class="gm_ gm_17f137a3-0ec4-3a00-9e71-3dd031ae14ce gm-spell gm_tiny"> </span>I'm interested in documenting the considerable backlash or hostility against social media in certain areas. The survey wasn't really designed to catch it, but I think we caught a little anyway.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"> One person admitted to texting while driving,
but "only at stop signs". I thought that was interesting. There's
much more here than this survey could possibly catch. But I think it turned up
interesting things. People were all glad to fill it out and were interested in
the results, though I generally didn't give them the website. I could do it
later, since I work with most of them. (TL)</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Data Collection
Procedure</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">To have my
surveys filled out, I asked TTU students who were sitting at Starbucks on
Glenna Goodacre and University.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I
targeted youngsters who looked like they were studying, approached them, and
asked them if they were TTU students.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>When they confirmed my suspicions, I asked them if they would be okay
with taking a survey about social media habits for a class at TTU.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some accepted readily, some accepted
reluctantly, and one seemed very suspicious and demanded more information
before she agreed to fill out the survey.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I observed that most people seemed to enjoy the survey because it was
interesting to them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Several of
them discussed the questions with other people at their tables.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Most of the
participants completed their surveys within 10 minutes, while a couple made a
show of nonchalance by setting the survey aside for about 20 minutes, finishing
some homework, then filling it out.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In general, they seemed friendlier after filling it out than before,
possibly because they realized that I meant them no harm, but actually did just
want them to fill out a harmless and anonymous survey.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Collecting
surveys</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span class="gmw_">The collecting of surveys was done following the agreement. I collected around 18 surveys, most of them for undergraduate students. The people surveyed were students for biology classes. No people denied <span class="gm_ gm_ae462028-541e-320f-f211-495b6b61c012 gm-spell">to fill</span> out the survey, and most of them were really interested in the study. The first group of surveys had incomplete data, because they didn’t see as separate questions the first line of the survey. In the later groups, I told them to be careful about this issue with the survey.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">In general their answers were similar. They thought texting while driving was dangerous, and they rarely or never texted while driving. Also all of the people know about ice bucket challenge, but they have diverse opinions about that. In terms of social media use, people usually have more than one account, but they post more in one or two than the others. In<span class="gm_ gm_18eb8812-9948-c3e5-9255-55f3e0adcbb4 gm-spell gm_tiny"> </span>opinions about difference by gender in language use in social media, they also have diverse opinions. (CRB)<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_GoBack"></a></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
</div>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>weblog museumhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07113851247903847410noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7546854401587592256.post-65663412496686562052014-10-29T12:27:00.003-07:002014-11-09T10:57:55.560-08:00Folk Tales from around the world - for Ray Kemal<style>
<!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:Arial;
panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:auto;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:"MS 明朝";
mso-font-charset:78;
mso-generic-font-family:auto;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:1 0 16778247 0 131072 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:Calibri;
panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:auto;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:Cambria;
panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:auto;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:SimSun;
mso-font-alt:宋体;
mso-font-charset:134;
mso-generic-font-family:auto;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:3 680460288 22 0 262145 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:"Segoe UI";
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:swiss;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:-469750017 -1073683329 9 0 511 0;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{mso-style-parent:"";
margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"MS 明朝";
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
h3
{mso-style-link:"Heading 3 Char";
mso-style-next:Normal;
margin-top:13.0pt;
margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:13.0pt;
margin-left:0in;
text-align:justify;
text-justify:inter-ideograph;
line-height:173%;
mso-pagination:lines-together;
page-break-after:avoid;
mso-outline-level:3;
font-size:16.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;}
p.MsoTitle, li.MsoTitle, div.MsoTitle
{mso-style-link:"Title Char";
mso-style-next:Normal;
margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-add-space:auto;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:28.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"MS ゴシック";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
letter-spacing:-.5pt;
mso-font-kerning:14.0pt;
mso-ansi-language:ES-CO;}
p.MsoTitleCxSpFirst, li.MsoTitleCxSpFirst, div.MsoTitleCxSpFirst
{mso-style-link:"Title Char";
mso-style-next:Normal;
mso-style-type:export-only;
margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-add-space:auto;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:28.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"MS ゴシック";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
letter-spacing:-.5pt;
mso-font-kerning:14.0pt;
mso-ansi-language:ES-CO;}
p.MsoTitleCxSpMiddle, li.MsoTitleCxSpMiddle, div.MsoTitleCxSpMiddle
{mso-style-link:"Title Char";
mso-style-next:Normal;
mso-style-type:export-only;
margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-add-space:auto;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:28.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"MS ゴシック";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
letter-spacing:-.5pt;
mso-font-kerning:14.0pt;
mso-ansi-language:ES-CO;}
p.MsoTitleCxSpLast, li.MsoTitleCxSpLast, div.MsoTitleCxSpLast
{mso-style-link:"Title Char";
mso-style-next:Normal;
mso-style-type:export-only;
margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-add-space:auto;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:28.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"MS ゴシック";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
letter-spacing:-.5pt;
mso-font-kerning:14.0pt;
mso-ansi-language:ES-CO;}
p.MsoAcetate, li.MsoAcetate, div.MsoAcetate
{mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-link:"Balloon Text Char";
margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:"Segoe UI";
mso-fareast-font-family:"MS 明朝";
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;}
span.Heading3Char
{mso-style-name:"Heading 3 Char";
mso-style-locked:yes;
mso-style-link:"Heading 3";
mso-ansi-font-size:16.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:16.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;
font-weight:bold;}
span.TitleChar
{mso-style-name:"Title Char";
mso-style-locked:yes;
mso-style-link:Title;
mso-ansi-font-size:28.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:28.0pt;
font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"MS ゴシック";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
letter-spacing:-.5pt;
mso-font-kerning:14.0pt;
mso-ansi-language:ES-CO;}
span.BalloonTextChar
{mso-style-name:"Balloon Text Char";
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-locked:yes;
mso-style-link:"Balloon Text";
mso-ansi-font-size:9.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:"Segoe UI";
mso-ascii-font-family:"Segoe UI";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Segoe UI";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Segoe UI";}
@page Section1
{size:8.5in 11.0in;
margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in;
mso-header-margin:.5in;
mso-footer-margin:.5in;
mso-paper-source:0;}
div.Section1
{page:Section1;}
-->
</style>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-size: 16.0pt;">Beauty is nothing</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
Once upon a time there was a
beautiful girl who lived with her little sister. Her sister was not as
beautiful as she was. The boys always liked the big sister; she was asked to
marry. She got presents from boys every day. On the other hand, the little
sister always dreamed about the guy who may love her. She knew that she was not
beautiful and every boy was looking for her sister, but she was okay with it.
She was very humble and modest. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_">One day the big sister thought she found true love. He was the richest boy in the town. She tried to meet with him. She did everything to see him. Finally</span><span class="gmw_"><span class="gm_ gm_7f16080b-fe33-c194-721d-b4d6140d6ebb gm-spell gm_tiny"> </span></span><span class="gmw_">he noticed her. He was shocked by her beauty. He wanted to get married with her immediately. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
They got married. The wedding took
40 days and 40 nights. They started to live together. At first everything was like
a dream. They seemed like the most perfect couple ever. They were both good
looking. And the little sister was living with them. She cleaned her sister’s
clothes, she cooked for them, and she did everything to make them happy. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
Therefore, he realized that his
wife was not a nice person. She got used to using people. She forced them do
something for her.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She always
wanted people to obey her because she was beautiful. And he noticed that she was
using her sister too. She treated her like nothing. She used her for
everything; she was a terrible person. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_"><span class="gm_ gm_5cf945b1-6f7c-58fe-899e-be5f72f85135 gm-spell">One day he heard that she was yelling to her sister, "You have to live with us because you do not have anybody, you will always be ugly, nobody will want to marry with you."</span> He got very mad. He never thought that his wife was such a devil. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
Then he realized that beauty is
nothing; the most important thing is personality. (KNA)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoTitle" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="ES-CO" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;">The
walker tadpole </span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #2b2b2b; font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_">There was once the son of a frog </span><span class="gmw_"><span class="gm_ gm_a5458bd9-8ed6-379c-5e20-0263e2675b2e gm-spell">Rinrin</span></span><span class="gmw_"> Tadpole</span></span></span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #2b2b2b; font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">One morning he went out very stiffly
and very pretty</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #2b2b2b; font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">He was in shorts and a fashion tie</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #2b2b2b; font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">With a nice wedding hat and fancy
vest on it</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #2b2b2b; font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">“My son please don’t go,” mom yells,</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #2b2b2b; font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">But he very smugly suddenly leaves.</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #2b2b2b; font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_">By the road </span><span class="gmw_"><span class="gm_ gm_0394f5fb-48f6-7a43-a030-11494200e63d gm-spell">Rinrin</span></span><span class="gmw_"> found a mouse,</span></span></span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #2b2b2b; font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">And he said, “My friend you should
come with me,</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #2b2b2b; font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">We can visit Mrs. Mouse and have a
feast”</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_">The little mouse and </span><span class="gmw_"><span class="gm_ gm_a558ee01-94a7-6d25-9018-d5a38e4be2f2 gm-spell">Rinrin</span></span><span class="gmw_"> arrived at Mrs. Mouse's house</span></span></span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">And very elegantly the little mouse knocked on the
door at once</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">After two or three knocks, Mrs. Mouse asks, “Who is
it?”</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">“Me Mrs. Mouse, kiss your feet!”</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">They say hi to each other while hanging their hands</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">And suddenly the little mouse said,</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">“Mrs. Mouse, my little friend needs something to
drink,</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Please give him a beer and let's start to drink”</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">While the little mouse was drinking the beer</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">And asking Mrs. Mouse to bring something to sing</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_">The pretty </span><span class="gmw_"><span class="gm_ gm_5d7fb747-22a8-df45-1fa7-8819954218e9 gm-spell">Rinrin</span></span><span class="gmw_"> was enjoying this time</span></span></span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">With some good drinks and nice music to hear.</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Although the party was fun for all</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">With dancing, drinking and a beautiful song</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Suddenly Mom Cat and her kitties arrived at Mrs.
Mouse's place</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">And this wonderful party finally ends.</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Mom cat hooked the little mouse's ear</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">And with her terrific voice just said “hi”</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">The little kitten caught Mrs. Mouse</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Once by the tail and once at the foot</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_">The little </span><span class="gmw_"><span class="gm_ gm_6b38e67b-1959-4856-3914-982831013656 gm-spell">Rinrin</span></span><span class="gmw_"> the walker tadpole</span></span></span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Took his hat and suddenly ran,</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">And quickly said good bye to all</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_"><span class="gm_ gm_b177e802-0ec9-aac6-2d93-f6d542050092 gm-spell">Rinrin</span></span><span class="gmw_"> the tadpole was jumping so fast</span></span></span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">That he tore his vest and lost his hat</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">He lost himself and while he was turning around</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">A hungry big duck suddenly ate the little tadpole</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">And that how it ends, one, two and three,</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_">little mouse, Mrs. Mouse and </span><span class="gmw_"><span class="gm_ gm_e6c16661-c1ee-9769-06eb-4c1c816f8a9f gm-spell">Rinrin</span></span><span class="gmw_"> the tadpole;</span></span></span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">The cats ate and the duck too</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">And finally the poor little Mom frog, remained
alone.</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">(MCRB)</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="background: white; color: #252525; font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Sinbad</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #252525; font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Sinbad
is a famous character in Arab countries. He is a young boy from Baghdad in
Iraq. He made adventure stories with his bird named Yasmina and with his
friends <span style="background: white;">Ali Baba</span> and Alaa Adin. He did a series
of Sinbad journeys to different destinations. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; color: #252525; font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span> </span><br />
<span style="background: white; color: #252525; font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_">One day, Sinbad decided to sail with his uncle and his bird Yasmina, which had the ability to speak. In the sea, a whale attacked their boat; at this point Sinbad with his Yasmina separated from his uncle. Here started Sinbad's adventure. He got a new land and knew</span><span class="gmw_"> </span><span class="gmw_">new two friends.</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_">The first was Ali Baba; he works with thieves<span class="gm_ gm_9467f374-6138-eb90-23c8-ea98e6979f97 gm-spell gm_tiny"> </span>but he likes adventures, and decided to involve Sinbad. The second was Alaa Adian; he is an old man who also likes adventures.</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; color: #252525; font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span> </span><br />
<span style="background: white; color: #252525; font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_">They fought several strange creatures, such as a giant bird, gigantic snakes, mermaids, genies, Lilliputians, and hostile magicians. At the end of each adventure they were victorious over malefactors. Finally, Sinbad killed a blue monster and the magic was gone,</span><span class="gmw_"> </span><span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_">and Yasmina returned to her normal life as a beautiful girl. Also</span></span></span><span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_"><span class="gm_ gm_b1d0cd43-e559-e63c-4212-1daacb2327fd gm-spell gm_tiny"> </span>Sinbad survived people </span></span></span></span><span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_"><span class="gm_ gm_990a9dc8-c770-7fc6-c777-9f6159d43909 gm-spell">who</span> a blue monster had changed to stone, and he went back to his home to live with his family.</span></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>(FA)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Shirin and Farhad</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_">The king of Persia in Sasanian dynasty had a handsome and skillful son, named Khosrow. He fell in love with an Armenian princess – Shirin – when his close friend and companion, <span class="gm_ gm_c73908b7-03ac-3da1-8534-e5e494c1fbf4 gm-spell">Shapour</span></span><span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_">, showed him a picture of Shirin and described her beauty and goodness. Khosrow ordered <span class="gm_ gm_4c546eb7-d66c-5464-d411-36754b19d654 gm-spell">Shapour</span></span><span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_"> to go to Armenian territory and try to seduce Shirin by talking about the prince and showing her a picture of him. <span class="gm_ gm_ca392603-b7c7-5201-169d-ae14f05057a9 gm-spell">Shapour</span></span><span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_"> managed to reveal a picture of Khosrow to Shirin in Armenia and tell her that the prince was in love with her. Shirin found the picture very attractive and decided to go to Persia to meet Khosrow. On her way, she stopped at a tranquil spring to bathe. At the same time, Khosrow was passing by the spring to go away from his father who was angry with him. He saw Shirin bathing in the pond and found her as beautiful as a legendary fairy, but he did not know who she was. Once Shirin saw him, he turned his face but could not forget that picture. When Shirin arrived in <span class="gm_ gm_507b8502-8ed3-ec9b-cd34-3490c3310721 gm-spell">Madaen</span></span><span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_">, the capital of Sasanian kingdom, she found that Khosrow was not there, and Khosrow found the same thing in Armenia. She returned to Armenia but could not meet Khosrow again because he had to go back home due to his father’s death. The two lovers could not meet for a while because of a chain of strange coincidences. When they finally met, Shirin did not agree to marry the prince because he was defeated by Bahram-e-<span class="gm_ gm_d523ca23-35f8-3253-7c0c-81c765c29c76 gm-spell">Choobin</span>, who had succeeded to his throne. Hence, Khosrow went back to claim his country to be able to marry the princess. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_">Meanwhile, a stone carver, named Farhad, was introduced to Shirin when she was looking for a person who could make a canal between the mountains and her castle to bring milk for her. Farhad fell in love with the princess at first sight and did his best to make her happy by cutting a canal through the hard stone and making a pond of milk by her castle. When Shirin saw his work, she was greatly impressed and gave him her earrings as a reward, which made her even more endearing in Farhad’s eyes. He started writing love letters for her and beautiful poems about her beauty. He became famous for his mad love for Shirin. Khosrow, however, could not resist the fact that another man was trying to steal Shirin’s heart. He decided to use his power by calling him and bribing him to be away from the princess. But soon he found that it was impossible. Farhad was vary determined to win Shirin’s heart. Therefore, Khosrow decided to deceive him into thinking that the princess could be won. Khosrow promised Farhad that if he could cut a passage through the <span class="gm_ gm_f1131e95-d764-c82a-39a3-d4205e9fb06e gm-spell">Bistoon</span> Mountains, outside of his castle, Khosrow would let him marry Shirin. Khosrow knew that it was an impossible task and he could never carve a way out of the cliff rocks. But Farhad agreed and it was this point in history when Farhad’s labor of love started. He never gave up and became the symbol of love. People still hear him hitting hard on his blade to cut the rocks. If they do not hear him one night, it means that Farhad is in Shirin’s dream. (SV)</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Story
#1</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Nasrettin
Hoca goes to his neighbor’s house and asks him to borrow his big cauldron for a
few days. His neighbor gives him the cauldron. After a week, Nasrettin Hoca
gives the cauldron back to his neighbor. While his neighbor is checking the
cauldron, he sees a little pot inside of the cauldron and asks what it is.
Nasrettin Hoca says:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">-Congratulations!
Your cauldron gave birth!</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">The
neighbor thinks that this is a good profit and takes them. After a while,
Nasrettin Hoca goes to his neighbor’s house again and asks to borrow his
cauldron again. His neighbor borrows the cauldron enthusiastically. Two months
pass by and Nasrettin Hoca doesn’t bring his cauldron back. The neighbor
decides to go and take his cauldron back. When he goes to Nasrettin Hoca’s
house and asks for his cauldron, Nasrettin Hoca gets very sad, shakes his
neighbor’s hand and says:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">-"Please
accept my condolences, your cauldron passed away last month."</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">The
neighbor gets mad and yells at him,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">-"Dear
Hoca what are you saying? How can a cauldron die? A cauldron is not an alive
thing.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Then
Nasrettin Hoca says:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">-You
were so happy and believed me when it gave birth. Why don’t you believe it is
dead now?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Story
#2</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">One
day, Nasreddin Hoca buys two kilograms of meat from butcher’s shop and goes to
his house. After telling his wife to cook meat for dinner, he goes back to
work. After he goes, his wife cooks the food and invites her neighbors and
gives them a feast. Nasrettin Hoca comes back to his house at night and his
wife gets the table ready and gives Nasrettin Hoca a plate of cracked wheat
pilaf. When Nasrettin Hoca sees the plate, he gets surprised and asks his wife,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">-"You
were supposed to cook meat for dinner! I went to the butcher’s shop in the
early morning and brought you meat. What happened to that?"</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">She
gets sad and tells him:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">-"Oh
my dear husband… Our cat ate all of the meat." </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Nasrettin
Hoca gets very mad and jumps from the chair, grabs a stick and decides to beat
the cat. Then he sees the skinny cat sitting next to the wall. He asks his wife
to bring the scale. Then he checks the cat’s weight and then he gets confused. The
cat weights two kilograms. He calls his wife and says,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">-"The
cat weights two kilograms; where is the meat I bought from the butcher? If we
assume this is the meat I bought, then where is the cat?" <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(SK)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpLast">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<h3 align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 173%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_">The Story of </span><span class="gmw_"><span class="gm_ gm_74399455-7d71-7ac7-f405-3ece3cfbdceb gm-spell">Hanzhou</span></span><span class="gmw_"> West Lake Dragon Well Tea</span></span></span></span></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><span class="gmw_"><span class="gm_ gm_23d678cb-8941-c661-3e92-1c39b7619767 gm-spell">Hanzhou</span></span><span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_"> West Lake Dragon Well Tea is the best green tea in China and is well-known around the world. It has over a thousand years of history. The tea’s name originates from a local folk story. Dragon Well is a well in the West Lake district of </span><span class="gm_ gm_c739c941-fd9d-3277-4164-9f69e8843d79 gm-spell">Hanzhou</span><span class="gmw_">, China. A long time ago, a single old woman lived near the Dragon Well. The woman was very kind and was happy to help others. She did not have daughters and sons and her husband had died. She had eighteen common old wild tea trees surrounding the well. Her house was very close to an important path for farmers living in South Hill village to the downtown of the West Lake district. In order to facilitate passers for rest, she put a desk and several chairs in her yard. In addition, she cooked a pot of tea for passers every day using tea-leaves taken from the old tea trees. As time went by, she became famous for passers. In the winter of a year when the Chinese Spring Festival was coming soon, there was a heavy snow. It was very cold and the wild tea trees could be freezing to death. The woman worried about it. At this time, there were a lot of pedestrians on the path because people needed to go to the downtown to buy</span></span><span class="gmw_"> </span><span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_">goods for the coming Spring Festival. They had a rest in the woman’s yard as usual. One of<span class="gm_ gm_36fe5919-0b00-d35f-776a-f922746ce17f gm-spell gm_tiny"> </span><span class="gmw_">pedestrians, an old wise man, found the woman was not happy. So he spoke to the woman and asked her whether her goods for the Spring Festival were ready. The woman took a deep breath and answered that she did not have money to buy goods. And she complained that she was worrying that she could not provide the tea for passers in the next year because her wild tea trees could die of frost in this winter. Suddenly the man looked at an old stone mortar in the woman’s yard and his eyes sparkled with excitement. He pointed to the mortar and told the woman that she had a treasure. The woman could not believe it. She replied that the man could get it for free if he wanted. However, the man would not like to have it for free and he wanted to pay 500 grams of silver to the woman for it. The woman, however, insisted that she could not accept the money. Later, the man said that he firstly went home and then would ask some young people to help him to move this mortar to his home tomorrow. Then he was gone. The woman looked at the mortar and found a lot of rubbish in it. The woman would feel ashamed if she gave such a dirty and old mortar to others. Therefore<span class="gm_ gm_b911e576-6fe8-394f-ebc5-7c14425484a0 gm-spell gm_tiny"> </span>she decided to clean it up. She took the rubbish out of the mortar and buried it at the foot of the old wild tea trees. She also cleaned the mortar using the water from the Dragon Well. In the next day, the man came with several companions. When he saw the mortar at first sight, he started to yell to the woman. He asked the woman where his treasure was. The woman was surprised and confused since she thought he might be happy because she cleaned the mortar. She pointed at the mortar and said that it was still there. The man shook his head and said no. He continued to ask the woman where she put the rubbish in the mortar. The woman pointed to the old wild tea trees and said that she buried the rubbish at the foot of these trees. The man walked to the trees. Then, he told the woman that it was a great pity because the rubbish in the mortar was unique and was the real treasure that he wanted. He also said the rubbish would help the tea trees a lot. After that, he left with his companions. Later, the spring of the next year came. The tea trees not only survived in the last cold winter, but also put out a lot of new shoots. Moreover, the tea-leaves taken from the trees looked fine and tasted tender and smelt sweet. Later, the neighbors of this old woman grew more of this kind of tea trees across several hills in proximity. This kind of tea grown in this area was becoming famous in the following years owing to its high quality. And people called it – </span></span></span></span><span class="gmw_"><span class="gm_ gm_ad8194d1-307a-e832-1092-818a27fa83fa gm-spell">Hanzhou</span> West Lake Dragon Well Tea. (FL)</span></span></span><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Wolves
are coming</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">A long time ago there was a shepherd boy living in a
beautiful mountain village in China. He owned fifteen baby sheep who were his
best friends. During the daytime, he talked and played with these cute sheep
and took them back home in the evening. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_">One day in summer a really bad idea came into the shepherd boy’ mind when he was in a grove with his sheep. He wanted to play a joke on his kind, nice, and friendly neighbors who lived with him in the same village. He shouted loudly and <span class="gm_ gm_1ffaef26-e454-37fa-f7d6-b81698187f61 gm-spell">frightenedly</span><span class="gmw_">, “Wolves are coming, wolves are coming to eat my sheep!" All villagers immediately ran into the grove as quickly as possible after they heard the boy crying for help. When they saw the shepherd boy they carefully asked him where the wolves were. To be infuriating the boy laughed and said, “You are so stupid!” and “I am joking on you”. With<span class="gm_ gm_85365f8d-be59-7a38-bea3-6b8660d99c98 gm-spell gm_tiny"> </span>disappointment all the nice neighbors left. The shepherd boy enjoyed this joke very much and pretended to see wolves again a few days later. Kind-hearted villagers came to help again. However, this time villagers realized that this was a kid loving to lie. </span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_">Fall had come. As usual the boy was playing with his sheep when wolves actually appeared. This poor boy shouted for help as loudly as he could. Unfortunately<span class="gm_ gm_c81530c0-b8b0-4e8b-2db0-f9a05bae7cd2 gm-spell gm_tiny"> </span>all the villagers thought he</span></span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_GoBack"></a> was playing the joke and no one cared about
him. The boy and his sheep became the wolves’ delicious dinner. </span><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">This story tells us a truth that people don’t believe
children who always tell lies, even when they tell the truth.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(YL)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; text-indent: .5in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">The Three Little Pigs</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; color: #252525; font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>When the three little pigs grew up, they went
out of their parents' house to build their own houses. The first pig built his
house of stone, with a nice fireplace. The second built his house of wood, and
the third built his house of straw. It could be said that the third built his
house of straw because he was busy having a good time, and spent his money on
carousing and having fun.</span><br />
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; color: #252525; font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Nevertheless when the hungry wolf came looking
for dinner, he came to the third little pig's house first. "I'll huff and
I'll puff and I'll blow your house down!" the wolf yelled at the pig. And,
unfortunately, he did; he blew the house down, and the pig went running to his
big brother's house. "I'll huff and I'll puff and I'll blow your house
down!" the wolf yelled at the two pigs hiding in the wood house. And he
did; he blew the house down, and the pigs went running to their older brother's
stone house.</span><br />
<span style="background: white; color: #252525; font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; color: #252525; font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Now, the wolf threatened to blow down the stone
house as well, but no matter how hard he blew, he was unable to blow it down.
He was determined to get the pigs, so he came down the chimney, but they were
prepared and, in the end, the pigs were safe. It's a violent tale, but it shows
the value of having a strong house when trouble comes. (TL)</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="background: white; color: #252525; font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> </span>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="gmw_">Morin <span class="gm_ gm_8b0604b6-5bde-13d9-e6a4-e88c11d03a17 gm-spell">Xuur</span></span></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="gmw_">There was once a man named Xuxuu <span class="gm_ gm_fb967270-5b62-be97-8ccb-7bae8207121a gm-spell">Namjil</span> who was in love with a girl, but he was called to go away to war.</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He had a horse
that could fly, so he would fly on his horse from the battlefields to see his
girl.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But there was another girl
who lived near the battlefields and envied the couple.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So, she cut the wings off of Xuxuu’s
horse so that he could no longer visit his girl.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After having his wings cut off, the horse died.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span class="gmw_">Xuxuu <span class="gm_ gm_c40e2e1a-7f6a-5e57-2050-8667d86c0cf2 gm-spell">Namjil</span><span class="gmw_"> was very sad, and he cut off the horse’s head and tail and from them, he made the first Morin <span class="gm_ gm_052989d4-9540-587d-3712-5fec739e1e28 gm-spell">Xuur</span> (Horse Fiddle).</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span class="gmw_">When he played his Morin <span class="gm_ gm_1899408b-d972-03dc-567f-b69e9744107d gm-spell">Xuur</span>, it sounded like his horse, and this eased his pain. (RB)</span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_GoBack"></a></span></div>
</div>
weblog museumhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07113851247903847410noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7546854401587592256.post-38027541752129787012014-10-20T10:59:00.000-07:002014-12-01T19:22:16.135-08:00speeches<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><b>Speech</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Dear Lubbock Lion’s Club Members,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">My name is Serdar Kaleli I am a student at Texas Tech University,
ESL5301 class.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> Today, I would like to
introduce you the research that we are going to conduct in our class. As Texas
Tech ESL 5301 students, we are going to conduct a research about why and how
the Texas Tech students are using social media. As you may already know, the
numbers of social media users are increasing every day. Social media are the
most popular and easiest way to connect different societies. People are using
social media for many different reasons. In our research we will perform
surveys among the Texas Tech students and some of the answers we will look for
are:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">-Why Texas Tech students are using the social media, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">-Which social media type is the most popular, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">-When they use social media, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">-How often they check their social media account, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">-What are the differences of usage in between gender, age, and other
facts.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">
</b><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> In order to get more
accurate results, we need to reach as many students as we can. To do that, we
need to print more surveys. Also our students who will perform the surveys
require to get paid for some amount of money. As ESL 5301 class, we are looking
to share our survey results in exchange of donations. Your donations will
create a mutual profit both for your organization and us. As we were looking
into your organization’s web page, we realized that your organization has both
Facebook and Twitter accounts. However, the number of people are fallowing you
are not that many. By using our survey results, your organization can be
informed about how people use social media and you can increase the number of
followers and reach many people. The ice bucket challenge could be considered
as the most successful example of how social media can reach millions of
people. Through the usage of social media, the ALS foundation has collected
large amounts of donations. We can create an awareness of your organization and
you can reach many people by this way. Finally, we would like to thank you for
your donations and looking forward to work with your organization. </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">(S.K.)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Speech </span></b><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span class="gmw_">Technological advances in communication allow people to communicate with people thousands of miles away in seconds. Nowadays it is almost impossible think about communication in any field without thinking about internet resources such as email, blogs, news and social media sites. In this technological growth, social media has become one of the most important tools to interact between people.</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span class="gmw_">Social media has also completely changed the way we communicate with each other. Taking this into account our lives move around those new ways of communications and a lot of our decisions were, are and will be affected by social media.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Language
change is probably the most interesting aspect if you want to study social
behavior around social media. It doesn’t matter what your interest is, knowing
how people communicate and what can be the differences between sexes can be
very useful if the objective is to transmit an idea in the most effective way.
Knowing these language characteristics around social media will be really
useful in many fields such as merchandising, publicity, politics and social
movements.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span class="gmw_">We want to do this research to look into social media language differences among Texas Tech University students. Also we want to go further in understanding how social media as one of the most important communication strategies today is perceived by the students of different sexes and ages in order to understand better how these people perceive social media. (MCRB)</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Speech</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Ladies and Gentlemen,<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 0in;">
<span lang="ES-CO"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>I
am here to introduce you to our study, which is about Social Media. Since
Social Media takes a big part of our lives, my colleagues and I decided to do
research on the effect of Social Media on Texas Tech University students. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="ES-CO"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>At
the beginning, we were curious about the question, ‘Why are they using the
Social Media?’ So, we came with many questions. Therefore, we started to
analyze the hypotheses on the following by asking students, ‘How many hours do
you spend using Social Media?’, ‘Which Social Media sites are you using the most?’,
and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘What is the reason you use
Social Media?’</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="ES-CO"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>You
might be interested in the answers that we ended up with. Our study shows that
Social Media takes a big role in their lives. Students use Social Media for
different reasons, which actually means the companies, the new brands or the
public figures<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>are able to reach
the young people easily. The companies would like to know which Social Media
sites they should use for their new advertisement. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="ES-CO"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>If
you would like to support our study, you will find out every shocking fact
about Social Media that you will use wisely. With the information we have
gotten for you, you will be able to know how to reach the young population. You
can achieve your company’s goals through our study.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="ES-CO"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Thank
you so much for listening to me.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Now, you know what we have investigated, what we know about Social
Media. You will not regret standing with us. Have a nice day. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
(KNA)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="ES-CO" style="line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Dear Fundraising
Organization Officers: </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span lang="ES-CO" style="line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Thank you for the opportunity to be considered for support
by the Fundraising Organization. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="ES-CO" style="line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Facebook
is considered as one of the most popular social media among college students in
the United States (U.S.). Approximately 94% of undergraduate students were
reported to have Facebook accounts with a 150-200 friends list. It was stated
that 96% out of 364 college students spend 10 to 60 minutes every day on
Facebook. Facebook provides a huge amount of information for social media
research. Previous studies have shown that social media can be used as an
effective tool to explore the personality differences between male and female
students. It is very important for teachers to design efficient teaching
methods based on better understanding the personality differences between male
and female students. For example, when I taught in a high school in China I
found boys were relatively more introverted than girls when studying English.
In this case, English teachers tried to design activities in class to encourage
boys to speak more, which was helpful for boys making progress in English
study. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="ES-CO" style="line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In
the past few months a survey was taken among 120 students who had Facebook
accounts in Texas Tech University. This survey is designed to collect data for
our study, which is to investigate personality differences between male and
female college students from their Facebook activities. Based on the survey
results, Five-Factor Model (FFM) that was invented by McCrae in 1992 is used to
analyze personality difference in five aspects: neuroticism, extraversion, openness
to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. However, our existing data
is limited to neuroticism and extraversion analysis. To have a comprehensive
study of personality difference from these five aspects we need more data
collection. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="ES-CO" style="line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Thus, we request $5,000 from the
Fundraising Organization for traveling and interviewing fees. We believe that
this study is meaningful for improving the teaching quality of colleges in the
U.S. If I can provide additional information to encourage consideration of our
request, please feel free to contact me. I would also be happy to personally
meet with your committee to present this proposal. (YL)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="ES-CO" style="line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Speech</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Dear Gentlemen and Ladies:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="ES-CO"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Good
morning, everyone. Today I am very happy being here to introduce my proposal.
My proposal is about people’s attitudes toward the real name policy of social
media. With the development of internet and mobile technology, social media has
become an important part of our lives. We use social media to know what’s
happening around the world every day. We use social media to make friends and
share our feelings with them. We learn a lot of knowledge from social media via
text, picture, and video. On the other hand, plenty of false information such
as rumors and hoaxes is spread over social media sites. This information
confuses and misleads people. What’s more, it could cause some damages for
people and our society. For social media companies, they would not like to see
that. So, they implement the real name policy. This policy mandates that social
media users use their real names on social media sites because it assumes when
using their real names, the possibility of posting rumors and hoaxes by users
would decline. But, a few social media users do not agree with this policy
because they think social media companies don’t think about their rights of
privacy. Therefore, a war named “Nymwar” between these social media users and
social media companies has happened. To mitigate this conflict and receive a
balance between rights of privacy and information security, it is very urgent
and important to conduct a survey to investigate the attitudes of overall
social media users towards the real name policy. In our proposal, we will
randomly select about 120 Tech students as respondents and ask their opinions
about the real name policy. I hope I could get your financial support. Thanks
for your attentions. (FL)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="ES-CO" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The
Significance of the Study</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="ES-CO" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">It
is well recognized that social media have changed the lives of people, especially
the younger generation who are high users of technology to share and connect.
Education, marketing, communication, collaboration and entertainment are among
the reasons people use social media. This study considers how university
students, as a prevalent demographic in using social media, utilize YouTube, as
a specific form of social media. Results of this class of studies can benefit
the companies that design these media. Expanding our understanding of students’
current use of and attitudes toward YouTube will primarily help YouTube staff
to create new features and add-ons that can contribute to the evolution of
social media. Another advantage is for companies that use social media to
promote their services and products. A deeper understanding of their users
enables them to optimize the level of social media functionality built into
their websites.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="ES-CO" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">It
is also demonstrated that as more and more of the learning process occurs
informally, university students tend to use social media sites, such as
YouTube, for educational purposes. With this huge change in learning and widely
accessible educational resources, universities need to tailor their strategies to
ensure that resources are effectively allocated. How much of learning budget
expenditures should support formal learning efforts and how much should go for
informal efforts? How should the institutional infrastructure be expanded to
embed social networking software? These are questions that the current study
may help to answer. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="ES-CO" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Finally,
our study can suggest particular directions for future research in this area to
ensure that our understanding of the role of technology in society remains
up-to-date. The most recent generation will grow up never knowing a time
without internet social media. Studies like this can give us hints of how to
meet the needs of next generations to improve the positive use of social media.
(SV)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
weblog museumhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07113851247903847410noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7546854401587592256.post-46414926946626631642014-10-19T21:48:00.002-07:002014-10-19T21:48:46.284-07:00<span style="display: inline;">I've invited you to fill out the form <span dir="ltr"><b>How TTU Students Use Social Media?</b></span>. To fill it out, visit: <br />
<a href="https://mail.ttu.edu/owa/redir.aspx?C=9vLEaD1ESkm7vcEKNwpkWjpmFLuxv9EII4wCAgs2pCIaCaT4d2MTG7Nc7PBQz8C3m80B4iz4FzY.&URL=https%3a%2f%2fdocs.google.com%2fforms%2fd%2f1dGtHeq1bMcpJsITX4bVgqjQZrwdkOLoS6RVJfpH1Inw%2fviewform%3fc%3d0%26w%3d1%26usp%3dmail_form_link" target="_blank">https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1dGtHeq1bMcpJsITX4bVgqjQZrwdkOLoS6RVJfpH1Inw/viewform?c=0&w=1&usp=mail_form_link</a></span>weblog museumhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07113851247903847410noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7546854401587592256.post-57362852503679945202014-10-15T22:12:00.002-07:002014-10-16T08:20:59.322-07:00Proposal<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri Light","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Proposal<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri Light","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Introduction<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri Light","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Nowadays,
keeping in touch with friends and relatives is more important than ever in our
history. Technological advances in communication let people write, talk and
even have video conferences with people thousands of miles away. In this technological
growth, social media have become one of the most important tools to interact between
people. Social media have also changed completely the way we communicate with
each other. Language change for example is probably the most interesting aspect
of those changes. Differences between sex and age show the beginning of a new
era in communication, when people 25 years and older learn and adapt to the
social media, while people between 16 to 18 years old have used these resources
since they were really young (Schwartz et al. 2013). In this paper we want to look into social
media language differences among Texas Tech University students. Also we want to
go further in understanding how social media as one of the most important
communication strategy today is perceived by the students.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri Light","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Literature review<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri Light","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Social
media captures more interest every day. More than 1/7 of the world population
uses Facebook or Twitter (Schwartz et al. 2013). This growing pattern of use of
social media allows people to communicate with others and express themselves in
a more personal way. Also, according to Alter (2014) in social media seems to
be more important to people the way they want to be perceived by others than their
real thoughts. The combination of high interaction between people in real time
and expression of feelings, mood and status updates, allows researchers to
obtain a high volume of information when personal and common language is used
(opposite to books that are written in an impersonal language) (Argamon et al.
2007).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri Light","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Language differentiation
between gender and age has been an interest of many researchers for a long
time. Usually the hypothesis in this topic states that is possible to identify
with some grade of certainty the age and gender of a writer based on the word
use (Mulac et al. 2013). More recently it has been reported that other good
predictors of gender and age will be style and topics (Pennebaker & Stone
2003; Argamon et al. 2007). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri Light","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">When it’s
related with sex, articles, prepositions and informational words are used
mainly by males, while females use personal pronouns, auxiliary verbs and
emotion words (Argamon et al. 2007; Schwartz et al. 2013). It’s also been
reported that males use more possessive words (like “my”) and object
references, and women use adjectives to describe their partner and talk more
about relationships (Argamon et al. 2003). When the comparison is based on the
social interaction, females post more photos and are more interested in other
people´s relationships; males tend to look for the number of friends and
professional achievements (McAndrew et al. 2012). In terms of age, younger
people use emoticons, abbreviations and words related to real time status (like
<i>home, fun, beer</i>); in older people
topics related with professional development, politics and family increase
their importance (Argamon et al 2013; McAndrew et al. 2012; Schwartz et al.
2013).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri Light","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Despite
language studies are common and the behavior according to age and sex were well
describe, there is no evidence of how people think about this statements and whether
people are conscious about differences between ages and sex in language use in
social media. Thus study aims to related to age and gender relationships with
language in social media is far from over and new data is available every day. This
study wants to look into Texas Tech students´ perception of the social media as
well as the language used by females and males in two different age groups (undergraduate
and graduate students). Finally we want to know whether people agree to the
general statements that were made in terms of language use in social media.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri Light","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">References<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0cm; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri Light","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Alter, C. 2014. The Facebook Effect: Everybody
Is So Cliché. <i>Time</i>. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri Light","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Retrieved
date: 03-10-2014. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri Light","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Retrieved from: </span><span style="font-family: "Calibri Light","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><a href="http://ideas.time.com/2013/10/02/the-facebook-effect-everybody-is-so-cliche/"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4472c4; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-themecolor: accent5;">http://ideas.time.com/2013/10/02/the-facebook-effect-everybody-is-so-cliche/</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4472c4; font-family: "Calibri Light","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: accent5;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #222222; font-family: 'Calibri Light', sans-serif;">Argamon, S., Koppel, M., Fine, J.,
& Shimoni, A. R. (2003). Gender, genre, and writing style in formal written
texts.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>To appear in Text</i>,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>23</i>, 3. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri Light","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Retrieved date: 03-10-2014.
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #222222; font-family: 'Calibri Light', sans-serif;">Retrieved from: </span><span style="font-family: "Calibri Light","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><a href="http://u.cs.biu.ac.il/~koppel/papers/male-female-text-final.pdf"><span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #4472c4;">http://u.cs.biu.ac.il/~koppel/papers/male-female-text-final.pdf</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #4472c4; font-family: 'Calibri Light', sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0cm; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #222222; font-family: "Calibri Light","sans-serif"; line-height: 200%;">Argamon, S., Koppel, M., Pennebaker, J. W., &
Schler, J. (2007). Mining the Blogosphere: Age, gender and the varieties of
self-expression.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>First Monday</i>,
<i>12</i>(9). </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri Light","sans-serif"; line-height: 200%;">Retrieved date: 03-10-2014.
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #222222; font-family: "Calibri Light","sans-serif"; line-height: 200%;">Retrieved from: </span><span style="font-family: "Calibri Light","sans-serif"; line-height: 200%;"><a href="http://uncommonculture.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/2003/1878"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: #4472c4; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent5;">http://uncommonculture.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/2003/1878</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #4472c4; font-family: "Calibri Light","sans-serif"; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0cm; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: "Calibri Light","sans-serif"; line-height: 200%;">Joiner, R., C. Stewart,
et al. (2014). Publically different, privately the same: Gender differences and
similarities in response to Facebook status updates. <i>Computers in Human Behavior</i>, 39(0): 165-169. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri Light","sans-serif"; line-height: 200%;">Retrieved date: 03-10-2014.<span style="background: white;"> Retriever
from: </span></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri Light","sans-serif"; line-height: 200%;"><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563214003707"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: #4472c4; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent5;">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563214003707</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri Light","sans-serif"; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0cm; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri Light","sans-serif"; line-height: 200%;">Masin, R. &
Foubert, J.D. (2013)<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Effect of
gender and Facebook use on the development of mature interpersonal
relationships.<span class="apple-converted-space"><i> </i></span><i>Journal
of Student Affairs,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Vol. XXIII<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></i>51-59. Retrieved date: 03-10-2014.
Retrieved from: </span><span style="font-family: "Calibri Light","sans-serif"; line-height: 200%;"><a href="http://www.sahe.colostate.edu/Data/Sites/1/journal-of-student-affairs/2014-journal-of-student-affairs.pdf#page=51"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4472c4; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent5;">http://www.sahe.colostate.edu/Data/Sites/1/journal-of-student-affairs/2014-journal-of-student-affairs.pdf#page=51</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri Light","sans-serif"; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0cm; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: "Calibri Light","sans-serif"; line-height: 200%;">McAndrew, F. T., &
Jeong, H. S. (2012). Who does what on Facebook? Age, sex, and relationship
status as predictors of Facebook use. <i>Computers
in Human Behavior</i>, 28(6), 2359-2365. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri Light","sans-serif"; line-height: 200%;">Retrieved date: 03-10-2014. <span style="background: white;">Retrieved
from: <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri Light","sans-serif"; line-height: 200%;"><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563212002075"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: #4472c4; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent5;">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563212002075</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #4472c4; font-family: "Calibri Light","sans-serif"; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0cm; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #222222; font-family: "Calibri Light","sans-serif"; line-height: 200%;">Mulac, A., Wiemann, J. M., Widenmann, S. J., &
Gibson, T. W. (1988). Male/female language differences and effects in same‐sex
and mixed‐sex dyads: The gender‐linked language effect. <i>Communications Monographs</i>, 55(4), 315-335. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri Light","sans-serif"; line-height: 200%;">Retrieved date: 03-10-2014. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #222222; font-family: "Calibri Light","sans-serif"; line-height: 200%;">Retrieved from: </span><span style="font-family: "Calibri Light","sans-serif"; line-height: 200%;"><a href="http://www.siu-voss.net/Mulac__male-female_language_differences.pdf"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">http://www.siu-voss.net/Mulac__male-female_language_differences.pdf</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #222222; font-family: "Calibri Light","sans-serif"; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0cm; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #222222; font-family: "Calibri Light","sans-serif"; line-height: 200%;">Pennebaker, J. W.
& Stone, L.D. (2003). Words
of wisdom: Language use over the lifespan. <i>Journal
of Personality and Social Psychology</i>, 85, 291–301. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri Light","sans-serif"; line-height: 200%;">Retrieved date: 03-10-2014.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #222222; font-family: "Calibri Light","sans-serif"; line-height: 200%;"> Retrieved from: </span><span style="font-family: "Calibri Light","sans-serif"; line-height: 200%;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.291"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.291</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #222222; font-family: "Calibri Light","sans-serif"; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.0cm; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri Light","sans-serif"; line-height: 200%;">Schwartz, H. A., Eichstaedt, J.C, Kern, M.
L., Dziurzynski, L., Ramones, S. M., et al. (2013) Personality, Gender, and Age
in the Language of Social Media: The Open-Vocabulary Approach. <i>PLoS ONE</i>, 8(9): e73791. Retrieved date: 03-10-2014.
Retrieved from: </span><span style="font-family: "Calibri Light","sans-serif"; line-height: 200%;"><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0073791#references"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4472c4; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent5;">http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0073791#references</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri Light","sans-serif"; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri Light","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Maria
Cristina Rios Blanco<o:p></o:p></span></div>
weblog museumhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07113851247903847410noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7546854401587592256.post-10264021534530858622014-10-14T21:51:00.000-07:002014-10-16T16:23:13.421-07:00The Effects of Social Media on Texas Tech University Students -KNA<div class="MsoNormal">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">“We think therefore we
are, we share what we are.”<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: center 3.25in left 313.5pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Charles
Leadbeater<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: center 3.25in left 313.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">I.Introduction<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In today’s world, technology is a
big part of our lives. Most people spend many hours using internet. We could
call using social media more than once per day ‘social habit’.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>There are many explanations which
define what Social Media is. “Social media is the social interaction among
people in which they create, share or exchange information and ideas in virtual
communities and networks” (<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Ahlqvist,
T. & Bäck, A. & Halonen, M. & Heinonen, S. 2008). <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The first social media
networking site, ‘Usenet’, was created by Tom Truscott and Jim Ellis in 1979 (Bonnett,
C. 2010). The second one ‘MySpace’ was created in 2003 and then Facebook was
developed in 2004. Hereafter, the development of social media started.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Statistical
information about social media is totally shocking. According to Jeff Bullas
(2013), Facebook has 665 million active users on a daily basis. If it is
compared with Twitter, Twitter has fewer users than Facebook has. But, Twitter
has more development. It has 44% growth between June 2012 and March 2013. On
the other hand, YouTube has more visitors (1 billion monthly) than the other
social media networking sites.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>It is well
known that young people are more interested in social media than old people.
The study shows that 89% of people who are 18-29 years old use social media
(Bullas, J. 2014). However, the aged people are not far from using social
media. “60% of people between 50-60 years old are active on social media”
(Romeri, 2014).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Social media
is something that everybody has some idea about even though they may not have an
account on the sites. Obviously the way of using social media depends on age,
region, gender, etc. This research includes the difference between females and
males while they are using social media.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">II. Literature Review<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Social media is an
important part of our lives. According to Joy Baer, 22% of Americans check
their profiles on social media several times in a day (Baer, J. 2012).<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"> In the research of Social Media, we
decided to investigate the effects of Social Media on Texas Tech students.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">One study shows that 96% of <span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">UNH Whittemore School of Business
students use Facebook more than the other Social Media websites. The second
website that UNH Whittemore School of Business students check more is YouTube
(Bart, 2009). We would like to know which Social Media sites Texas Tech
University students are using the most.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>According to a study, keeping in touch with family and
old friends is more important for women (Smith, 2011). They like to find the
old friends and have an interaction with them. It is hypothesized that women
use social media emotionally (Joiner, 2014). Texas Tech University students will
be questioned about the way of using Social Media.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Studies show that every social media website has
different ways of being used. A research which was done with the undergraduate
students at a private university claims that students spend one hour checking their
Facebook per day. The reason they check Facebook is update their ‘Newsfeed’ and
read what their friends posted </span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">(</span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Pempek &, Yermolayeva
& Calvert, 2009).</span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> On the other hand Americans use Twitter to connect with a
public figure, for example, athletes, singer, actor, politician etc. (Smith,
2011). This research will show the reasons for Texas Tech University students
using social media sites.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>It is hypothesized that using Social
Media ruins friendship. (Burbach, C.) <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Young people want to share everything they do.
When they meet they have nothing to talk about, because they have already
gotten updated from social media what they are up to (Moore, 2011). Also if
they get game request from friends, they start to think about ‘unfriending’
them. This research will show how Texas Tech University students feel about
their friendship with using Social Media.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The above mentioned hypotheses will
be examined by asking Texas Tech University students.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">References;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Ahlqvist, T., Bäck, A., Halonen, M., Heinonen, S (2008). Social
media road maps exploring the futures triggered by social media. VTT
Tiedotteita – Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="gmw"><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="gmw"><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Bart, M. (2009, Dec.
30).</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span class="gm"><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Do</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span class="gmw"><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">college
student spend too much time on Facebook, YouTube and other social networking
sites?</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span class="gmw"><i><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Faculty Focus.</span></i></span><span class="gmw"><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> Retrieved
(October 2, 2014)</span></span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7546854401587592256" name="OLE_LINK3"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7546854401587592256" name="OLE_LINK4"></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><a href="http://www.facultyfocus.com/articles/edtech-news-and-trends/do-college-students-spend-too-much-time-on-facebook-youtube-and-other-social-networking-sites/"><span style="background: white; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">http://www.facultyfocus.com/articles/edtech-news-and-trends/do-college-students-spend-too-much-time-on-facebook-youtube-and-other-social-networking-sites/</span></a><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i><o:p></o:p></i></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 347.25pt;">
<span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; padding: 0in;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 347.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; padding: 0in;">Baer, J. (2012). 11 Shocking New Social Media Statistics in
America <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Convince and Convert </i></span><a href="http://www.convinceandconvert.com/social-media-research/11-shocking-new-social-media-statistics-in-america/"><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">http://www.convinceandconvert.com/social-media-research/11-shocking-new-social-media-statistics-in-america/</span></a><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; padding: 0in;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Baer, J.
& Falls, J. & Shaefer, M. & Webster, T. (N.D.) The Social Habit:
Social Media Research Retrieved (N.D.) </span><a href="http://socialhabit.com/about/"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">http://socialhabit.com/about/</span></a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Bonnett, C.
(2010, May 17). A Piece of Internet History<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">
Duke Today </i></span><a href="http://today.duke.edu/2010/05/usenet.html"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">http://today.duke.edu/2010/05/usenet.html</span></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Bullas, J. (2013). </span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">21 Awesome Social Media Facts,
Figures and Statistics for 2013 </span><a href="http://www.jeffbullas.com/2013/05/06/21-awesome-social-media-facts-figures-and-statistics-for-2013/"><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">http://www.jeffbullas.com/2013/05/06/21-awesome-social-media-facts-figures-and-statistics-for-2013/</span></a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; padding: 0in;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; padding: 0in;">Bullas,
J. (2014, January). 22 Social Media Facts and Statistics You Should Know in
2014 </span><a href="http://www.jeffbullas.com/2014/01/17/20-social-media-facts-and-statistics-you-should-know-in-2014/"><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">http://www.jeffbullas.com/2014/01/17/20-social-media-facts-and-statistics-you-should-know-in-2014/</span></a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; padding: 0in; text-decoration: none;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 347.25pt;">
<span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; padding: 0in;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 347.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; padding: 0in;">Burbach, C. Ways Social Networking Ruins Friendship <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">About Relationships </i></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Retrieved (September 25, 2014).</span><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; padding: 0in;"> </span><a href="http://friendship.about.com/od/Social_Networking/tp/Ways-Social-Networking-Ruins-Friendship.htm"><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">http://friendship.about.com/od/Social_Networking/tp/Ways-Social-Networking-Ruins-Friendship.htm</span></a><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; padding: 0in;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Joiner, R. & Stewart, C. (2014).
Publically different, privately the same: Gender differences and similarities
in response to Facebook status updates. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Computers
in Human Behavior,</i> 39(0): 165-169. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563214003707"><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-decoration: none;">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563214003707</span></a><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Kaplan A. M. & Haenlein, M. (2010). Users of the world,
unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><i><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Business Horizons </span></i><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Retrieved
from </span><a href="http://www.slideshare.net/escpexchange/kaplan-haenlein-users-of-the-world-unite-the-challenges-and-opportunities-of-social-media"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">http://www.slideshare.net/escpexchange/kaplan-haenlein-users-of-the-world-unite-the-challenges-and-opportunities-of-social-media</span></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Moore, E. (2011, August 19). Texting,
social media affecting teen sleeping patterns. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Daily Iowan</i> . Retrieved (September 18, 2014) from </span><a href="http://friendship.about.com/od/Social_Networking/tp/Ways-Social-Networking-Ruins-Friendship.htm"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">http://friendship.about.com/od/Social_Networking/tp/Ways-Social-Networking-Ruins-Friendship.htm</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="ES-CO" style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="ES-CO" style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Pempek, T. A., Yermolayeva, Y.
A., & Calvert, S. L. (2009). College students' social networking
experiences on Facebook. <i>Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology</i>, 30(3),
227-238.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; padding: 0in;">Romeri,
M. J. (February 2014) New Social Media Statistics You Need to Know. Retrieved
from </span><a href="http://www.socialmediatoday.com/content/new-social-media-statistics-you-need-know"><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">http://www.socialmediatoday.com/content/new-social-media-statistics-you-need-know</span></a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; padding: 0in;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; padding: 0in;">Smith,
A. (2011, November 15) Why Americans use social media. Retrieved from </span><a href="http://aosresourcecenter.com/file_depot/0-10000000/390000-400000/398422/folder/1145143/WhyAmericansUseSocialMedia.pdf"><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">http://aosresourcecenter.com/file_depot/0-10000000/390000-400000/398422/folder/1145143/WhyAmericansUseSocialMedia.pdf</span></a><u><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; padding: 0in;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 347.25pt;">
<span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; padding: 0in;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 347.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; padding: 0in;">Hypotheses;<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">-We would like to know which
social media sites Texas Tech students are using the most.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">-We would like to know the
reasons Texas Tech students use social media sites.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">-We thought that women
expressed their emotions more on social media.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">-We were curios of how many
Texas Tech students connected to public figures on social media.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:RelyOnVML/>
<o:AllowPNG/>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml><![endif]-->
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>JA</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/>
<w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/>
<w:OverrideTableStyleHps/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="276">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]-->
<!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-right:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0in;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
<!--StartFragment-->
<!--EndFragment--><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">-We want to know how Texas Tech
students feel about the influence of social media on friendships.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
weblog museumhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07113851247903847410noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7546854401587592256.post-5357088822623998792014-10-14T20:01:00.000-07:002014-10-14T20:30:26.283-07:00Proposal<div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%;">
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Serdar 10.14.2014</span></div>
</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Introduction<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> As
time passes by, the usage of social media is getting more common among people.
Although some people might think that they are harmful for everyday
communication, they are indispensable communication tools for the recent
generation. Cherie Burbach states that the social media have changed the way
people communicate with each other in a negative way; on the contrary, social
media helps us to keep in touch with family members or old friends more easily
compared to the past (Burbach, n.d.). Facebook,
Twitter, Instagram, Pinterest, Google+, YouTube, Snapchat, Vine, and Tumblr are
only some of the popular ones among the college students’ huge variety of
social media tools. Some of them are getting more popular; some of them might
lose their popularity over time. According to John McDermott, some of the
usages of the social media among college students, as of November 2013, are
Facebook 88.6%, Instagram 51.5%, Twitter 43.7%, Tumblr 35.5%, Snapchat 25.9%
and Vine 25%; in addition, while the usage of Facebook is decreasing, other
social media sites are getting more popular among college students <w:sdt citation="t" id="8341312"><!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
field-begin'></span><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>CITATION McD14 \l
1055<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span><span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span><![endif]-->(McDermott, 2014)<!--[if supportFields]><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span><![endif]--></w:sdt>. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Also, college students use different social media web pages
for different reasons. As McDermott stated, for example, while Facebook users
are tending more to keep in touch with their old friends or family members,
Twitter users are using Twitter more for expressing themselves easily; on the
other hand, college students prefer Snapchat due to the feeling of keeping safe
what they shared (McDermott, 2014). Molly McHugh explains the usage of Facebook
and Twitter as: <span style="background: white;">“Facebook is a
repository of someone’s life, where Twitter is like a thought-stream, at least
in terms of usage”</span> (McHugh, 2013, p. 6).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">In the Fall 2014 semester, the class of ESL 5301 will
conduct research about Texas Tech student’s are use of social media. Since
social media are enormously popular, it would be useful and interesting to
study how Texas Tech students are using social media. In this research, each
student will conduct different research about some topics, for example, the
reasons students use the social media, how frequently they use them, which
social media they prefer for different purposes, whether social media affect
their success and other topics, by making surveys with the contribution of
Texas Tech students. Each individual in the class will state hypotheses and try
to find out whether it is true or not. I will provide information in the
methods section about how this research will be conducted.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Literature Review<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">There are many different statements and questions
about social media. The most general questions about social media are about how
many people are using them, and what are the different usages between different
age groups, genders and races. Mislove et al. conducted research to find out
how many Twitter users there are in United States and how gender, race and
geography affects the usage of Twitter (Mislove et al., 2011). They found out
that Twitter users are mostly represented by male users; however, their
research represents a non-random sample (Mislove et al., 2011). It is very
difficult to find out the number of users of social media; we can, however, get
an approximate percentage of Texas Tech social media users. In addition to
that, Fink et al. found out in their research that male and female users have
different reasons to use social media (Fink et al., 2012). According to the
Thiago Guimaraes, the numbers of social media users are increasing and Facebook
is the most popular one. He indicates that more than 84% of the web users in
North America have Facebook accounts and females are using Facebook a lot more
than males (Guimaraes, 2014). In our
survey, we can simply ask both male and female Texas Tech students which social
media they prefer and how they use social media.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Another claim about social media is that social media
might be harmful for its users in many ways. Eric Moore, for example,
introduces research conducted by Marc Eric Dyken in his article; according to
that research, teenagers spend time on social media at bedtime and it causes
many problems like sleep disorders and fatigue during the day (Moore, 2011). We
want to know if this is true for Texas Tech students. In our survey, we can ask
Texas Tech students whether they check social media at bedtime or not and
whether they believe checking social media at bedtime causes them sleeping disorders
or not. I believe that Texas Tech students check their social media at bedtime,
but they will not believe that checking social media at bedtime is causing
sleeping disorders. We can also try to find out whether Texas Tech students
believe the social media affect their college success or not. Mary Bart
introduced a study in her article and the study found out that there is no
relationship between grades and social media usage (Bart, 2010). In our study,
we may verify that Texas Tech students believe that there is no relationship
between grades and social media usage; however, I believe that the students
will admit social media disrupts them while they are studying. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> A different
claim is Kylie Burchart’s statement that the usage of social media has negative
effects on communication; social media are making people more introverted and
people have stopped communicating with their friends face to face because of
the instant messaging ability (Burchart, 2013). Ryan Masin and John D. Faubert
also support this claim by stating “Those who use Facebook more intensely
report a lower quality of interpersonal relationships than those who do not use
Facebook as intensely” (Masin & Faubert , 2013, p. 55). We can ask Texas
Tech students if they use the instant message feature of social media web pages
and we can ask them whether they prefer communicating with their friends on
messenger or face to face. In my opinion, Texas Tech students will state that
they more likely to prefer sending messages than doing face to face
communication.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">According to the Ryan Lytle, social media encourages
people to make donations, and it has become easier to create fundraising than
before (Lytle, 2014). According to his research, 64% of the social media users
donated more than $100 last year (Lytle, 2014). In summer, there was a very
popular fundraiser among social media users called “ice bucket challenge” for
ALS research. Briefly, social media users poured a bucket of ice on their heads,
and donated $10 to the ALS Foundation, and challenged their friends to do the
same through social media. If they did not pour the ice and challenge other
friends in 24 hours, they would have to donate $100 to the ALS Foundation. It
became very popular in a very short time and many people, including celebrities,
got involved in the challenge. It would
be very interesting to check how many Texas Tech students participated in the
ice bucket challenge, and how much they have donated. I believe a large number
of Texas Tech students were challenged by their social media friends and
participated in ice bucket challenge. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormalCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Some Hypothesis Ideas<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Most Texas Tech students will admit that they are
checking their social media account at bedtime.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Texas Tech students believe that checking the social
media in bedtime will not cause sleeping disorder. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Female students check their social media at bedtime
more than male students.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Texas Tech students will state that they do not
believe social media affect their success in a negative way.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Texas Tech students will admit that social media
interrupts them while they are studying.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Most of the Texas Tech students have participated in
the ice bucket challenge and donated to the ALS Foundation.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">References</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p><w:sdtpr></w:sdtpr></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%;">
<!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
mso-ansi-language:EN-US'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>BIBLIOGRAPHY <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Bart, M. (2009,
December 30). Do college student spend too much time on Facebook, YouTube and
other social networking sites? <i>Faculty Focus</i>. Retrieved (October 2,
2014) </span><a href="http://www.facultyfocus.com/articles/edtech-news-and-trends/do-college-students-spend-too-much-time-on-facebook-youtube-and-other-social-networking-sites/"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">http://www.facultyfocus.com/articles/edtech-news-and-trends/do-college-students-spend-too-much-time-on-facebook-youtube-and-other-social-networking-sites/</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Burbach, C. (n.d.). Ways Social
Networking Ruins Friendship. <i>About Relationships</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Retrieved (September 25, 2014) </span><a href="http://friendship.about.com/od/Social_Networking/tp/Ways-Social-Networking-Ruins-Friendship.htm"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">http://friendship.about.com/od/Social_Networking/tp/Ways-Social-Networking-Ruins-Friendship.htm</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Burchart, K. (2013, March 13).
Social media: changing communication forever. <i>The Argus</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Retrieved (September 11, 2014)</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Serdar/Documents/Texas%20Tech/Fall%202014/ESL%205301/%20http:/www.theargus.ca/articles/opinion/op-ed/2013/03/social-media-changing-communication-forever"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">
http://www.theargus.ca/articles/opinion/op-ed/2013/03/social-media-changing-communication-forever</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Fink, C. E. (2012, June 4-7).
Inferring Gender from the Content of Tweets: A Region Specific Example. <i>Proceedings
of the Sixth International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media</i>. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Retrieved (October 2, 2014) </span><a href="http://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/ICWSM/ICWSM12/paper/viewFile/4644%26lt%3B/5031"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">http://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/ICWSM/ICWSM12/paper/viewFile/4644%26lt%3B/5031</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Guimaraes, T. (2014, September 12)
7 New Statistics About Facebook Users That Reveal Why It's Such a Powerful
Marketing Platform. <i>Business Insider. </i>Retrieved
(October 9,2014)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/a-primer-on-facebook-user-statistics-2014-9"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">http://www.businessinsider.com/a-primer-on-facebook-user-statistics-2014-9</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Lytle, R. (2014, September 18).
Social Media Users Are More Charitable Than You Might Think. <i>Mashable</i>.
Retrieved (October 2, 2014) </span><a href="http://mashable.com/2014/09/18/social-media-charity/"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">http://mashable.com/2014/09/18/social-media-charity/</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Masin, R. & Faubert, J. D.
(2013). Effect of gender and Facebook use on the development of mature
interpersonal relationships. <i>Journal of
Student Affairs, Vol. XXIII. </i>Retrieved
(October 2, 2014) </span><a href="http://works.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1101&context=john_foubert"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">http://works.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1101&context=john_foubert</span></a><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">McDermott, J. (2014, January 21).
Facebook losing its edge among college-aged adults. <i>Digiday</i>. Retrieved
(September 25, 2014) </span><a href="http://digiday.com/platforms/social-platforms-college-kids-now-prefer/"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">http://digiday.com/platforms/social-platforms-college-kids-now-prefer/</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">McHugh, M. (2013, September 5). Why
do we hate Facebook hashtags? <i>Digital Trends</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Retrieved (September 25, 2014) </span><a href="http://www.digitaltrends.com/social-media/why-do-we-hate-facebook-hashtags/%23!bNSzV7."><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">http://www.digitaltrends.com/social-media/why-do-we-hate-facebook-hashtags/#!bNSzV7.</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Mislove, A. E. (2011, July 17-21).
Understanding the Democraphics of Twitter Users. <i>Proceedings of the Fifth
International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Retrieved (October 2, 2014) </span><a href="http://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/ICWSM/ICWSM11/paper/viewFile/2816/3234"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">http://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/ICWSM/ICWSM11/paper/viewFile/2816/3234</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Moore, E. (2011, August 19).
Texting, social media affecting teen sleeping patterns. <i>The Daily Iowan</i>.
Retrieved (October 2, 2014) </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;"><a href="http://www.dailyiowan.com/2011/08/19/Metro/24431.html">http://www.dailyiowan.com/2011/08/19/Metro/24431.html</a></span></span></div>
weblog museumhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07113851247903847410noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7546854401587592256.post-60182172665383080892014-10-14T19:56:00.004-07:002014-10-16T08:25:46.562-07:00Proposal<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:AllowPNG/>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml><![endif]--><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>AR-SA</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/>
<w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/>
<w:OverrideTableStyleHps/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-right:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0in;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 200%;">FA.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 200%;">Topic:
Proposal </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%;">Introduction</span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 200%;">Social
media have become important nowadays. According to Moore (2011, para.1), “social
media has changed the way people keep in touch in a negative way.” In contrast, some views say that social media
help people in communication “Facebook will let the people use the applications
without any personal information” (Valinsky, 2013, para.1). Regardless, we
cannot deny the social media have more advantages for people. However, there
are many of social media applications on phone devices such as Facebook, twitter,
Instagram and Snapchat; every person prefers one over the other. Moreover, many people use social media to tell
other people about their life “Facebook is a repository of someone’s life where
Twitter is like a thought-stream, at least in terms of usage“</span><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.digitaltrends.com/users/mmchugh/"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none;">(McHugh</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%;">, 2013, para.3). On the
other hand, there is another view says that social media has the negative effects
on the society. According to Burbach, (n.d.), social media has changed the way
people keep in touch in a negative way. Also, McAndrew & Jeong (2012, para.1)
say “males are more interested in number of friends and educational and
career accomplishments”. The argument about social media will continue between
people and that is a natural phenomenon.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%;">Literature
Review:</span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 200%;">There
are many studies that have addressed the issue of social media, but we will
choose some studies which have a relationship to our topic.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 200%;">Here
are studies focused on the importance of social media in our lives. According
to Asur<i> </i>el al.<i> </i>(2011, para.2). ”development of social media and
the previous research about the popular topics in social media.” Also, the
author Hajli (2014, P.18), said, “Social media has presented new opportunities
to consumers to use it on the internet.” In addition, the </span><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.usnews.com/topics/author/ryan_lytle"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none;">author Lytle</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%;"> (2011, para.1), says, “Facebook provides an online job hunting
platform for students. We agree with saying that says the social media are very
important in these days. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 200%;">On
the other hand, studies have studied the negative effects of social media on
the society. The author Moore (2011, para.2), introduced the topic of "Texting,
social media affecting teen sleeping patterns." He believes that the
teenagers keep their phones with them; therefore, they tend to wake up and
check their phones frequently during the night.</span><span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; color: #666666; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 200%;"> Facebook users’ personal information is stolen
when filling names, addresses, cellphone numbers, and other kinds of
information for such an online survey. </span><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Search for Al-Deen, Hana S. Noor"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none;">Al-Deen </span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%;">& </span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Search for Hendricks, John Allen"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none;">Hendricks </span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%;"> (2012, P. 12), said “For
researchers to investigate the theoretical implications introduced by social
media and lay the groundwork for a robust social media agenda potentially
spanning multiple disciplines.” We cannot deny that there are negative effects
in social media; in contrast there are more advantages come from social media. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 200%;">The third
studies try to show numbers and statistics about social media. There is a study
address “</span><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none;"> predicting the
determinants of users’ intentions for using YouTube to share video: Moderating
gender effects. Cyberpsychology,Behavior, and Social Networking,</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%;">” (Yang, 2010, para.1). It tries to analyze gender differences
in choosing YouTube to share videos. The results of a survey “among 206 male
and 135 female video sharers on YouTube show that perceived ease of use and a
positive attitude are significant determinants of the intent to use YouTube to
share videos” (Yang, 2010, para.1). Moreover, there is study that was written
by McAndrew and Jeong (2012, para.2) that measured the relationship between age
and sex on Facebook. Also it included</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; color: #666666; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; line-height: 200%;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%;">284
males and 735 females;</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; color: #666666; font-family: "Trebuchet MS","sans-serif"; line-height: 200%;"> i</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%;">t
found females use Facebook more frequently than males. In addition, there is a study that was presented by Joiner et
al. (2014, para.1) called “Publically different, privately the same: Gender
differences and similarities in response to Facebook status updates.” They made a hypothesis that says “women
use affiliative language more than men on Facebook statuses; this study
consisted of 388 females and 207 males. The result was the females post and
publishes more than males. There are several measurements on these studies;
also we will make survey in this study to verify from these measurements. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%;">Hypotheses:</span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 200%;">1.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 200%;">People
admit that social media have become very important in their lives.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 200%;">2.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 200%;">Students
will state that they do not believe social media affects their success in a
negative way.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 200%;">3.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 200%;"> The
uses of social media differ between graduate and undergraduate students.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 200%;">4.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 200%;">There
will be no difference between men and women about using social media
applications</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%;"> Reference:</span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Search for Al-Deen, Hana S. Noor"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none;">Al-Deen, H. S. </span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%;">& </span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Search for Hendricks, John Allen"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none;">Hendricks, J. A.</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%;"> (2012). <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="citation">social media: usage and impact</a>. <i>Lanham,
Md.: Lexington Books</i>, c2012.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 200%;">Asur, S., B. A. Huberman, G. Szabo, and C. Wang. (2011). Trends in
social media: persistence and decay.<i> In 5th International AAAI Conference on
Weblogs and Social Media</i>, 2011.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 200%;">Burbach, C. (n.d.). ways social networking ruins friendship. About
Relationships .</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 200%;">http://friendship.about.com/od/Social_Networking/tp/Ways-Social-Networking-Ruins-Friendship.htm</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 200%;">Hajli, M. N. (2014). A study of the impact
of social media on consumers. <i> </i></span><span style="font-size: small;"><i><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Search for International Journal of Market Research"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none;">International
Journal of Market Research</span></a></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%;">.
Birkbeck, University of London. 2014, Vol. 56 Issue 3, p387-404. 18p.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 200%;">Joiner, R., &. Stewart C., et al. (2014). Publically different,
privately the same: Gender differences and similarities in response to Facebook
status updates. <i>Computers in Human Behavior</i>, 39(0): 165-169. </span><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563214003707"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none;">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563214003707</span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://mashable.com/people/ryan-lytle/"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none;"> Lytle</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%;">, R.
(2014). Social media users are more charitable than you might think. <i>Mashable
</i>website.
http://mashable.com/2014/09/18/social-media-charity/</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 200%;">McAndrew, F. T., & Jeong, H. S. (2012). Who does what on
Facebook? Age, sex, and relationship status as predictors of Facebook use. <i>Computers
in Human Behavior,</i> 28(6), 2359-2365. </span><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563212002075"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none;">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563212002075</span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.digitaltrends.com/users/mmchugh/"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none;"> McHugh</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%;"> ,
M. (2013, Sep. 3). Why do we hate Facebook Hashtags. <i>Digital Trends </i></span><a href="http://www.digitaltrends.com/social-media/why-do-we-hate-facebook-hashtags/#!bNSzV7"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none;">http://www.digitaltrends.com/social-media/why-do-we-hate-facebook-hashtags/#!bNSzV7</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%;">.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 200%;">Moore, E. (2011, August 19). Texting, social media affecting teen
sleeping patterns. <i>The Daily Iowan</i>. Retrieved (September 18, 2014).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://friendship.about.com/od/Social_Networking/tp/Ways-Social-Networking-Ruins-Friendship.htm"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none;">http://friendship.about.com/od/Social_Networking/tp/Ways-Social-Networking-Ruins-Friendship.htm</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 200%;">Valinsky, J. (2013, April 30). You can soon access apps on Facebook
without handing over any personal information. <i>The Week Retrieved </i></span><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://theweek.com/speedreads/index/260800/speedreads-you-can-soon-access-apps-on-facebook-without-handing-over-any-personal-information"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none;">http://theweek.com/speedreads/index/26080/speedreads-you-can-soon-access-apps-on-facebook-without-handing-over-any-personal-informatio</span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none;">Yang, C., Hsu, Y., & Tan, S.
(2010). Predicting the determinants of users’ intentions for using YouTube to
share video: Moderating gender effects. Cyberpsychology, <i>Behavior, and
Social Networking</i>, 13(2), 141-152. </span></a></span></div>
weblog museumhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07113851247903847410noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7546854401587592256.post-65594266965289071172014-10-14T14:29:00.000-07:002014-10-14T14:34:49.844-07:00<h2 align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US">An analysis of the real
name issue on social media sites (FL)</span></h2>
<h2 style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US">Introduction</span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US"> It is reported that 58% people around the
world use social media and the number of people using social media is still
increasing (Social Networking Statistics, 2014). For example, Facebook says
that it has over 1 billion people using Facebook every month, 23% percent growth
from last year (Associated Press, 2013). Social media is becoming an important
part of our society and redefine the way modern people interact with each other
(Guha, 2014). Social media is changing the world in terms of news (Bennett,
2013), human interactions (Jones, 2013), political landscape (Tchong, 2012) and
learning (Cushard, 2013) and marketing (Whaling, 2011). However, it is warned
that the risks of false information are growing with the increment of the use
of social media (Goodwin, 2013). Fake user names are considered as one type of
false information on social media sites and result in confusion for some social
media users. Therefore many social media companies have presented a real name
policy. However, a few social media users have fight against it. In fact, it
has raised a war between users of social media and social media companies (Tao,
2011). Thus it is urgent and important to know how many people support the real
name policy in order to better understand this conflict. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 21.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">In this proposal, people’s attitudes toward the real name policy of
social media companies are investigated. To be specific, the percentage of
people that agree with the real name policy will be computed. The percentage of
people who use real names to register on social media sites will also be
determined. Therefore, a survey about these two questions will be conducted for
Tech students considering their ages and genders etc. At last, the survey
result will be analyzed. </span></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 200%; mso-char-indent-count: .49; text-indent: 7.85pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Literature review</span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 21.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">The real name policy states that everyone registered on social media
sites is mandated to use the real name by social media companies (Levy, 2014). However,
a few social media users disagree with this policy and have a conflict with
social media companies. This conflict is called Nymwars (Galperin, 2011). This
word is very popular because of the hashtag “#nymwars” on Twitter (Twitter,
2014). Google+ first released the real names policy to help flight spam and stop
fake user profiles in June, 2011. After that, Facebook implemented the same
policy to identify users’ real names and asked users to change their names from
fake ones to real ones in November, 2011 (Coldewey, 2014). </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 21.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">However, many social media users fought against this policy (Kayyali
and York, 2014). Owing to the great pressure of these social media users, social
media companies successively determined to stop the real name policy. Google+ dropped
the real-name policy and apologized to Google+ users in July 2014 (Doctorow,
2014). Facebook also canceled the real name policy and apologized to Facebook
users (Coldewey, 2014).</span></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US">Research Questions</span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">What percent of Tech students
support or go against the real name policy on social media sites?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">What percent of male Tech
students support or go against the real name policy on social media sites?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">3)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">What percent of female Tech
students support or go against the real name policy on social media sites?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">4)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">What percent of Tech students
report using real name or pseudonyms on social media sites?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">5)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">What percent of male Tech
students report using real name or pseudonyms on social media sites?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">6)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">What percent of female Tech
students report using real name or pseudonyms on social media sites?</span></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US">Hypothesis</span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Most of Tech students will go
against the real name policy on social media sites.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">More female Tech students will
go against the real name policy on social media sites than male Tech students.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">3)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Most of Tech students would
like to use their real names on social media sites.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US">4)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">More male Tech students would
like to use their real names on social media sites than female Tech students.</span></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US">Reference</span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US">Associated Press.
(2013, May 1). How Facebook has grown: Number of active users at </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 21.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Facebook over the years. Available from: <a href="http://news.yahoo.com/number-active-users-facebook-over-230449748.html">http://news.yahoo.com/number-active-users-facebook-over-230449748.html</a>
(Accessed date: Oct. 08, 2014).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US">Bennett S. (2013,
July 25). How social media is changing the world. Available from: </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 21.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.mediabistro.com/alltwitter/social-media-change-world_b46821">http://www.mediabistro.com/alltwitter/social-media-change-world_b46821</a>
(Accessed date: Oct. 08, 2014). </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US">Coldewey D. (2014,
October 1). Facebook Apologizes to Drag Queens Over ‘Real Name’ Issue. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 21.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Available from: <a href="http://www.nbcnews.com/tech/social-media/facebook-apologizes-drag-queens-over-real-name-issue-n216211">http://www.nbcnews.com/tech/social-media/facebook-apologizes-drag-queens-over-real-name-issue-n216211</a>
(Accessed date: Oct. 02, 2014).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US">Cushard B. (2011,
July). How social media has changed learning: a few answers via tweet chat. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 21.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Available from: <a href="http://www.mindflash.com/blog/2011/07/how-social-media-has-changed-learning-a-few-answers-via-tweet-chat/">http://www.mindflash.com/blog/2011/07/how-social-media-has-changed-learning-a-few-answers-via-tweet-chat/</a>
(Accessed date: Oct. 08, 2014).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US">Doctorow C. (2014,
July 16). Google Plus drops "Real Names" policy. Available from: </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 21.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://boingboing.net/2014/07/16/google-plus-drops-real-names.html">http://boingboing.net/<st1:chsdate day="16" islunardate="False" isrocdate="False" month="7" w:st="on" year="2014">2014/07/16</st1:chsdate>/google-plus-drops-real-names.html</a>
(Accessed date: Oct. 02, 2014).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US">Galperin E. (2011,
December 26). <st1:chmetcnv hasspace="True" negative="False" numbertype="1" sourcevalue="2011" tcsc="0" unitname="in" w:st="on">2011 in</st1:chmetcnv> Review:
Nywars. Available from: </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 21.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><a href="https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2011/12/2011-review-nymwars">https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2011/12/2011-review-nymwars</a> (Accessed
date: Oct. 02, 2014).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US">Goodwin B. (2013,
January 8). Misuse of social media could wreak havoc, warns World </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 21.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Economic Forum. Available from: <a href="http://www.computerweekly.com/news/2240175704/Misuse-of-social-media-could-wreak-havoc-warns-WEF">http://www.computerweekly.com/news/2240175704/Misuse-of-social-media-could-wreak-havoc-warns-WEF</a>
(Accessed date: Oct. 08, 2014).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 5.25pt; mso-char-indent-count: -.5; text-indent: -5.25pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Guha S. (2014, March 7). How Social
Media Has Changed the World? 5 Impacts of Social Media </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 21.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">On Our Lives. Available from: <a href="http://webseo22.hubpages.com/hub/How-Social-Media-Has-Changed-the-World-Impact-of-Social-Media-on-Our-Lives">http://webseo22.hubpages.com/hub/How-Social-Media-Has-Changed-the-World-Impact-of-Social-Media-on-Our-Lives</a>
(Accessed date: Oct. 08, 2014).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US">Jones H. (2013,
June 7). Social media’s affect on human interaction. Available from: </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 21.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.hastac.org/blogs/haley117/2013/06/07/social-medias-affect-human-interaction">http://www.hastac.org/blogs/haley117/2013/06/07/social-medias-affect-human-interaction</a>
(Accessed date: Oct. 08, 2014).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US">Kayyali N. and
York J. (2014, September 16). Facebook’s ‘real name’ policy can cause
real-world </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 21.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">harm for the LGBTQ community. Available from: <a href="https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2014/09/facebooks-real-name-policy-can-cause-real-world-harm-lgbtq-community">https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2014/09/facebooks-real-name-policy-can-cause-real-world-harm-lgbtq-community</a>
(Accessed date: Oct. 08, 2014).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US">Levy K. (2014,
October 1). Facebook meets with the LGBT community regarding ‘real name’ </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 21.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">policy. Available from: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/facebook-might-change-its-real-name-policy-2014-10">http://www.businessinsider.com/facebook-might-change-its-real-name-policy-2014-10</a>
(Accessed date: Oct. 08, 2014).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US">Social Networking
Statistics. (2014, July 9). Available from: </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 21.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.statisticbrain.com/social-networking-statistics/">http://www.statisticbrain.com/social-networking-statistics/</a>
(Accessed date: Oct. 08, 2014).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US">Tao L. J. (2011). The
Nymwar: social media networks and the laws. Available from: </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 21.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.academia.edu/5660313/The_Nymwar_Social_Media_Networks_and_the_Law">http://www.academia.edu/5660313/The_Nymwar_Social_Media_Networks_and_the_Law</a> (Accessed date: Oct. 08, 2014).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US">Tchong M. (2012,
September 13). Three ways social media is reshaping the political landscape. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 21.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Available from: <a href="http://readwrite.com/2012/09/13/3-ways-social-media-is-reshaping-the-political-landscape">http://readwrite.com/2012/09/13/3-ways-social-media-is-reshaping-the-political-landscape</a>
(Accessed date: Oct. 08, 2014).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US">Twitter. (2014). Tweets
about #nymwars hastag on Twitter. Available from: </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 21.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/nymwars">https://twitter.com/hashtag/nymwars</a>
(Accessed date: Oct. 08, 2014).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span lang="EN-US">Whaling H. (2011,
May 12). Five ways social media has changed marketing campaigns. Available </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 21.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">from: <a href="http://mashable.com/2011/05/12/social-media-change-marketing/">http://mashable.com/2011/05/12/social-media-change-marketing/</a>
(Accessed date: Oct. 08, 2014).</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<br /></div>
weblog museumhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07113851247903847410noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7546854401587592256.post-8509083796238305332014-10-14T09:57:00.002-07:002014-10-14T09:57:33.778-07:00<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Investigating personality
differences between female and male college students through Facebook <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ying Liu<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Introduction<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Social media, as
internet-based applications, were created for social interactions. Through
social network people can establish or keep connections, share information, and
express feelings with friends. Emergence of tablet computers and smart phones
has led to more wide and frequent usage of social media in modern society.
Social media have become an indispensable part of our modern life, especially
for young people. Facebook is considered as one of the most popular social
media among college students in the United States (U.S.). Approximately 94%
undergraduate students were reported to have Facebook accounts with a 150-200
friends list (Ellison et al., 2007). Stern and Taylor (2007) stated 96% out of
364 college students spend 10 to 60 minutes every day on Facebook. Consequently,
Facebook provides huge amount of information for social media researches. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Literature
review<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Previous studies have
shown that many differences exist between female and male Facebook users among
college students, such as number of Facebook friends, Facebook profile design, time
spent on Facebook, frequency of posting pictures and sharing links, and manners
of expressing feelings. Facebook is considered as a good tool to explore the
personality differences between males and females by analyzing their different
activities on Facebook. McCrae (1992) invented a Five-Factor Model (FFM) to
describe personality in five aspects: neuroticism, extraversion, openness to
experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. Neuroticism is a reflection
of people’s distress and sensitivity extents. Butt and Phillips (2008) and
Wolfradt and Doll (2001) indicated people at high level of neuroticism spent
more time on internet communication to alleviate loneliness. In this case,
neuroticism difference between males and females can be detected by the
frequency of checking Facebook and the time spent on Facebook. Extraversion is
a reflection of people’s sociable ability (Ross et al., 2009). Consequently,
the number of friends on Facebook accounts and the amount of sharing personal
information, such as posting personal, family, or friends’ photos, are indexes
to measure the extraversion level. In this study, a survey of 120 students in
Texas Tech University will be taken to explore their basic Facebook account
information and activities on Facebook. Based on these data, I will focus on
analyzing two aspects of personality differences (neuroticism and extraversion)
between male and female college students. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Research
question<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">What personality
difference can be detected by comparing males and females’ activities on
Facebook. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Hypothesis<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Females are at a higher
level of neuroticism and extraversion than males through their activities on
Facebook. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Reference<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Amichai-Hamburger, Y., Wainapel,
G., &Fox, S. (2002). On the Internet no one knows I’m an Introver:
Extroversion, neuroticism, and Internet interaction. <i>Cyber Psychology & Behavior</i>, 5(2), 125-128. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Butt, S., &
Phillips, J.G. (2008). Personality and self reported mobile phone use. <i>Computers in Human Behavior,</i> 24(2),
346-360. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ellison, N. B.,
Steinfield, C., & Lampe, C. (2007). The benefits of Facebook “friends:” Social
capital and college students’ use of online social network sites. <i>Journal of Computer</i></span><i><span style="font-family: "Cambria Math","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cambria Math";">‐</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Mediated Communication</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">,
12(4), 1143-1168.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">McCrae, R.R., &
John, O.P. (1992). An introduction to the five-factor model and its
applications. <i>Journal of Personality</i>,
60(2), 175-215. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ross, C., Orr, E.S.,
Sisic, M., Arseneault, J.M., Simmering, M.G., & Orr. R.R. (2009).
Personality and motivations associated with Facebook use. <i>Computers in Human Behavior</i>, 25(2), 578-586. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Stern, L. A., &
Taylor, K. (2007). Social networking on Facebook. <i>Journal of the Communication, Speech & Theatre Association of North
Dakota</i>, 20(2007), 9-20.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Wolfradt, U., & Doll,
J. (2001). Motives of adolescents to use the Internet as a function of
personality traits, personal and social factor. <i>Journal of Educational Computing Research</i>, 24(1), 13-28. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
weblog museumhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07113851247903847410noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7546854401587592256.post-72705917471369565952014-10-14T07:37:00.000-07:002014-10-14T20:07:00.515-07:00Congratulations Serdar & Tugce!<h2 style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-large; font-weight: normal;"><span class="gmw_">Welcome Ray Kemal!</span></span></h2>
<h2>
<span style="font-size: x-large; font-weight: normal;"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKB0uYvx5FQ0x4vBAOSoWJMwdUI8J6YqhpFS-Z2SyWF-d3fshLwdnvtFbb0VgaKMgJi2-7UseFo_gzf3ns0xQTHHQjnzXtq-KIcx9BznqIvIffJyce9XWGYf1Y27t4f_h3jahN9Ig8qZtq/s1600/ray2-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKB0uYvx5FQ0x4vBAOSoWJMwdUI8J6YqhpFS-Z2SyWF-d3fshLwdnvtFbb0VgaKMgJi2-7UseFo_gzf3ns0xQTHHQjnzXtq-KIcx9BznqIvIffJyce9XWGYf1Y27t4f_h3jahN9Ig8qZtq/s1600/ray2-1.jpg" height="320" width="180" /></a></div>
</span></h2>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhywpA8D0E4t46_CDodfzTCgpCAmW6kmAn5vwc9UiVMZ7iVpUmsmOyuvUAUDcqE9Uy-icH65S7FLwO76w5ILd492T1E6xep6U3KG_qsn3V8GEeJrNHsvZuikz5reIaGloQdDFrJV8divDfR/s1600/7de1262b1999f948866da4460967d6077dc69ca9ae5df0e26c5e1c9f6c0bc75d.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhywpA8D0E4t46_CDodfzTCgpCAmW6kmAn5vwc9UiVMZ7iVpUmsmOyuvUAUDcqE9Uy-icH65S7FLwO76w5ILd492T1E6xep6U3KG_qsn3V8GEeJrNHsvZuikz5reIaGloQdDFrJV8divDfR/s1600/7de1262b1999f948866da4460967d6077dc69ca9ae5df0e26c5e1c9f6c0bc75d.jpg" height="180" width="320" /></a></div>
weblog museumhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07113851247903847410noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7546854401587592256.post-17856204770191750502014-10-09T07:02:00.003-07:002014-10-21T07:08:26.454-07:00survey<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
ESL 5301</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Survey</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Thank you
for filling out our survey!</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
___ M<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>___
F<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"></span>___
Undergrad.<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>___
Grad. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>___
Other</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
___ from USA<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>___
International </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Tell us
about your use of the following social media</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Kind Don't know/use Have account Post/use
occasionally Post
regularly</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Facebook<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"></span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"></span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"></span>____ ____</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Twitter<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"></span>____ ____</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
YouTube<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"></span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> ____ </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"></span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Instagram<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"></span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> ____ </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"></span>____</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Pinterest<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"></span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">____ </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"></span>____</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Snapchat<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">____ </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"></span>____</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Ello<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"></span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">____ </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<br />
Vine ____ ____ ____ ____</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Google +<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"></span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> ____</span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"></span>____</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
1. Do you believe it's wrong & unsafe to text or check social media while driving?<br />
___ always ___ usually ___ no<br />
<br />
2. Do you ever
check your social media while you are driving?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
___ often<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"></span>____
sometimes<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____
rarely<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____
never</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
3. Do you check
your social media in bed before you sleep?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
___ often<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"></span>____
sometimes<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____
rarely<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"></span>____
never</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
4. Do
you believe checking social media at bedtime is bad for your sleep?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
___ yes,
it's bad<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____
mild effect on sleep, not bad<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____
no effect on sleep</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span class="gmw_">5. Do you think social media is good or bad for friendships?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
___ overall
good<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>___
overall bad<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>___
neutral</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
6. What effect
does social media have on your grades?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
___ no
effect<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>___
bad for grades<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____
good for grades</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span class="gmw_">7. If Facebook insists on a "real name" policy, is that ok with you?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
___ yes, no
problem<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>___
disagree with "real name" policy</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
8. Do you use
real name on all social media accounts?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
___ yes, no
problem<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"></span>___
no, I use some pseudonyms/nicknames</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
9. What do you
know about the ice bucket challenge?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
___
participated in it<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"></span>____
know about it<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>___
don't know about it</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
10. How do you
feel about the ice bucket challenge?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
___ good for
ALS, good for people<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>___
pointless, ridiculous<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>___
no opinion<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
11. Do you know
what hashtags (#) are and why people use them?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
___ yes<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>___
a little, not sure<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>___
no<br />
<br />
12. How much time do you spend on Facebook every day?<br />
<span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_">___ 0-30 <span class="gm_ gm_de5e23b9-e5bf-4212-6796-a6d5ba2cf05e gm-spell">mins</span></span><span class="gmw_">. ___ 30 mins</span><span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_">.-1 hr. ___ 1 hr. - 90 mins. ___ </span></span></span><span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_">>90 <span class="gm_ gm_229f6dd0-fc2b-04d3-0ff8-203e96d34edc gm-spell">mins</span>.</span></span></span><br />
<br />
13. How many times do you check your Facebook in a day?<br />
___ 0-3 ___ 4-7 ___ 8-12 ___ >12<br />
<br />
14. Has your Facebook use gone up or down in the last year, compared to previous years?<br />
___ up, use it more ___ down, use it less ___ about the same ___ don't use it<br />
<br />
15. Has your Twitter use gone up or down in the last year, compared to previous years?<br />
___ up, use it more ___ down, use it less ____ about the same ___ don't use it<br />
<br />
16. How often do you use emoticons?<br />
___ always ___ usually ___ sometimes ___ never<br />
<br />
17. How often do you use word abbreviations?<br />
___ always ___ usually ___ sometimes ___ never<br />
<br />
18. What kind of information do you look for or want to see on social media? <span style="font-size: x-small;">(check any)</span><br />
___ friends' photos<br />
___ friends' status updates<br />
___ family interaction<br />
___ professional development<br />
___ politics<br />
<br />
19. Do you publish your relationship status and updates?<br />
___ yes ___ no ___ only under pressure<br />
<br />
20. Do you think females use more emotional words than males in social media?<br />
___ yes ___ no<br />
<br />
21. Do you think males use more possessive (like <i>my </i>girlfriend) words than females?<br />
___ yes ___ no</div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
If you use
<b>Facebook</b>, please answer the following questions about your use of it:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Which do you
do the most on Facebook?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>never<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>rarely<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>sometimes<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>often
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>usually</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
post pictures<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
share feelings<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
connect with old friends<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
use apps (Farmville, etc.)<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
connect to public figures<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<br />
message people</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
use hashtags<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
If you use <b>Twitter</b>, please do the same for your use of Twitter:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
post news, like football scores<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
post pictures<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
connect to public figures<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
use hashtags<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
If you use <b>YouTube</b>, please tell us about your use of it:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
use it for entertainment<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
use it for up-to-date news<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
teacher assigns it<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
use it to learn more about topic<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<br />
fix problems, software, etc. ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
put clips up myself<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>____</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
weblog museumhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07113851247903847410noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7546854401587592256.post-10961194028360400862014-09-30T06:11:00.004-07:002014-10-07T06:22:39.385-07:00still more summaries<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="00000001"></a></span>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><br /></b>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 11.0pt;">38. Summary #1: Inferring
Gender from the Content of Tweets: A Region Specific Example</span></b></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 11.0pt;">More and more people are
interested in employing social media sites like Twitter to collect real-time
data about the attitudes and viewpoints of population in a region.
Nevertheless, people’s important points of view and reactions greatly vary based on
their gender and ethnicity. On the other hand, the information about people’s
gender and ethnicity is not always available on these social media sites.
Therefore, automatic methods are needed to deduce these implicit attributes.
Fink et al. (2012) presented an automatic method to estimate Twitter users’
gender from their tweet content. A Supervised machine learning technique, in
which features of training a classifier were extracted from tweet content, was
applied on Twitter users in Nigeria, Africa. As a result, tweet content could
be a good indicator to predict people’s gender because 80% of estimations are
correct. Moreover, it was found that gentlemen and women have some differences
in topic and emotion. Finally, the proposed method was argued to provide us an opportunity
to know who is using social media. (FL)</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Fink, C. et al. (2012).
Inferring Gender from the Content of Tweets: A Region Specific Example. In </span><i><span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPS; font-size: 11.0pt;">Proceedings of the Sixth
International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 11.0pt;">(Dublin, Ireland, June
4-7, 2012). Available from:
<a href="http://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/ICWSM/ICWSM12/paper/viewFile/4644%26lt%3B/5031">http://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/ICWSM/ICWSM12/paper/viewFile/4644%26lt%3B/5031</a>
(Accessed date: Sept. 22, 2014) </span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 11.0pt;">37. Summary #2:
Understanding the Demographics of Twitter Users </span></b></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 11.0pt;">In every instance, Twitter
records millions of people’s ideas and feelings around the world in the form of
tweets that are less than 140 characters. However, who is using Twitter? Does
the Twitter population represent the entire population? These questions still can
not be answered, because we do not understand the Twitter population well,
although Twitter was considered to have a huge potential. In this paper,
Misolve et al. (2011) for the first time tried to analyze Twitter user data that
represents greater than 1% of the U.S.A population to answer these questions.
Techniques were developed to tell the differences between the Twitter population
and the U.S.A population in gender, geography and ethnicity/race. Moreover, it
was found that the Twitter population is a highly uneven sample of the U.S.A
population. (FL)</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Mislove, A. et al. (2011).
Understanding the Demographics of Twitter Users. In </span><i><span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPS; font-size: 11.0pt;">Proceedings of the Fifth
International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 11.0pt;">(Barcelona, Spain, July
17-21, 2011). Available from:
<a href="http://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/ICWSM/ICWSM11/paper/viewFile/2816/3234">http://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/ICWSM/ICWSM11/paper/viewFile/2816/3234</a>
(Accessed date: Sept. 22, 2014) </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://mail.ttu.edu/owa/ev.owa?ns=WebReady&ev=GetFile&canary=LRGfwoT1pUesYXtqTpcpPJQXr59GsNEIzqLvnhzY7Ex_YrGre71Ix82_sa7H8j02Xs9iqRLfXM0.&d=07-40-11-40-34-DE-5C-58-6A-8F-C1-1B-F2-E2-8E-4E&fileName=1_0001.jpg" width="224" /></span>
</div>
</div>
weblog museumhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07113851247903847410noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7546854401587592256.post-85632483454456953562014-09-28T20:26:00.002-07:002014-10-07T06:22:54.378-07:00Summaries, 3rd assignment<b>36. Summary: Two new Facebook scams could steal your personal information</b><br />
<br />
According to this article, two scams are newly emerging to steal personal information through Facebook. The first scam is a shared post, which is designed to reward a free iPhone 6 after taking a quick survey. Facebook users’ personal information is stolen when filling names, addresses, cellphone numbers, and other kinds of information for such an online survey. Simultaneously, Facebook users’ friends might be cheated due to their sharing such website links with friends. The other scam is designed to place adware and malicious code after sharing a fake video named "Girl killed by husband just because she kissed another man." A plugin is required to be installed if Facebook users want to share this video. Unfortunately, an executable file will also be installed in personal computers, which can steal personal information. Thus, in order to avoid being cheated Facebook users should not take any surveys offering free stuff or share websites for watching videos. (YL)<br />
<br />
Two new Facebook scams could steal your personal information. (2014, Sept. 17).<br />
<a href="http://abc7chicago.com/technology/dont-fall-for-these-2-new-facebook-scams/312373/">http://abc7chicago.com/technology/dont-fall-for-these-2-new-facebook-scams/312373/</a>. (last accessed: Sep 19, 2014)<br />
<b><br /> 35. Summary: Five tips for college students using Facebook for the job search</b><br />
<br />
<span class="gmw_">According to this article, recently, Facebook provides an online job hunting platform for students. In this article, five tips are well explained about how to efficiently <span class="gm_ gm_cac02b6a-831c-8f1b-c2f6-c7ed6263cc00 gm-spell">usw</span> this new function. Appropriate privacy settings are the first step for attracting the eyes of your ideal workplaces. Profile pictures on Facebook accounts determine the first impressions for recruitment companies, so it is better to upload the pictures in profiles catering to the employers’ styles. The third thing is to how to interact with recruitment companies. Enthusiasm for the jobs is the most important to express to employers. Becoming members of groups related with your interest helps you provide strong evidence that you are competent in such kind of work. Additionally, joining network is an easy way to get more useful job searching information. (YL)</span><br />
<br />
Lytle, R. (2011, Nov. 10). Five tips for college students using Facebook for the job search. US News.<br />
<a href="http://www.usnews.com/education/best-colleges/articles/2011/11/10/5-tips-for-college-students-using-facebook-for-the-job-search">http://www.usnews.com/education/best-colleges/articles/2011/11/10/5-tips-for-college-students-using-facebook-for-the-job-search</a> (Last accessed: Sep 19, 2014)<br />
<br />
<b>34. Summary 1: Trends in Social Media: Persistence and Decay</b><br />
<br />
In this article, the author did the research about the formation, persistence and decay of trends on Twitter. Firstly, the author introduced development of social media and the previous research about the popular topics in social media. Then, the author introduced the prior work on analyzing connections on Twitter. Thirdly, the author used the Twitter Search API to gain the data of trends of the study. Furthermore, the author used a stochastic model to explain the growth of trending topics on Twitter. Finally, they found that retweets play an important role in determining trends of topics on Twitter and most of topic contents are derived from the traditional media. (XZ)<br />
<br />
Asur, S., B. A. Huberman, G. Szabo, and C. Wang. (2011). Trends in social media: persistence and decay. In 5th International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media, 2011.<br />
<br />
<b>33. Summary 2: Marked differences in male/female responses on Facebook marketing </b><br />
<br />
The author cited that though information on Facebook has influenced about one in five people to buy a product, a quarter of people have also been put off buying something after seeing a conversation or information on Facebook. The article quoted the Usurv’s founding that women are more likely to be impacted by friends’ comments about the products, but the number of men is less than that of women. Men’s purchase decisions are more likely dependent on the official channel or experts. Therefore, the author quoted some research’s opinion to indicate that a merchant should plan different strategies on Facebook in terms of gender difference about the responses to Facebook marketing. (XZ) <br />
<br />
O’Reilly, L. (2012, Aug 7) Marked differences in male/female responses to Facebook marketing. Retrieved from <a href="http://www.marketingweek.co.uk/news/differentiate-facebook-ads-for-men-and-women/4003153.article">http://www.marketingweek.co.uk/news/differentiate-facebook-ads-for-men-and-women/4003153.article</a><br />
<br />
<b>32. Summary: What are the pros and cons with using social media? In general as well as in the school area? </b><br />
<br />
The author presented stages of developments in social media from the past to the present and how it helps our society for communication. The phenomenon of social media has both negative and positive results. He started with benefits of social media; he pointed out that social media creates opportunities help people to make relationships with each other. It also helps people interact with the Internet, particular persons who have a difficulty communicating with others. In contrast, he mentioned some disadvantages about social media. He said that social media does indeed have a positive effect on the world, but there will always be cons to break it down. Firstly, as mentioned before, social media distracts people, and sometimes a distraction is just what one might need. But it might sometimes create a distraction from what we are supposed to do in our workplace or in school (Saruman, 2013). In summary, he wants to give this idea that no one can argue with the fact that social media has a positive impact on the society. (FA) <br />
<br />
Reference:<br />
<br />
Saruman. (2013, Feb.) What are the pros and cons with using social media? In general as well as in the school area?. Study mode web site. http://www.studymode.com/essays/Social-Media-Essay-1399465.html<b><br /> <br />31. Summary: Social Media Users Are More Charitable Than You Might Think</b><br />
<br />
<span class="gmw_"> The article shows the role social media has had in making fundraising easier than before, and that helps charitable organizations to publish their messages on social networks. But the author asks this question, “How powerful can these social networks be<span class="gmw_"> for social good campaigns, and are the users of these networks receptive?” He based the article on SurveyMonkey Audience which was conducted on more than 1,000 U.S. adults. He found 51% of users say there are “new social good initiatives on social media” and 46% of users say they hear about social good initiatives most often through social media — topping TV and word-of-mouth campaigns by more than three times (Lytle, 2014). Also, he found during that survey, nearly 64% Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Pinterest and Google users donated $100 or more to charitable causes in the last year. Finally, he concluded his article by saying, “But LinkedIn is in no way looked at as a driver for social good causes. </span></span>According to the SurveyMonkey results, less than 1% of all respondents believe LinkedIn is the most effective network for social good initiatives, and more than 92% have never found out about a charitable cause or been incentivized to donate to a cause through LinkedIn” (Lytle, 2014). (FA)<br />
<br />
Reference:<br />
<br />
<a href="http://mashable.com/people/ryan-lytle/">Lytle</a>, R. (2014). Social Media Users Are More Charitable Than You Might Think. Mashable website. http://mashable.com/2014/09/18/social-media-charity/<br />
<br />
<b>30. Summary 4</b><br />
<br />
The article written by McAndrew and Jeong (2012) called “Who does what on Facebook? Age, sex, and relationship status as predictors of Facebook use” focused on a study of the use of Facebook by people. This study measured the relationship between age, sex and relationship status with different activities on Facebook as looking and reading other people's walls, posting photos and editing photos. The research team surveyed 284 males and 735 females (a total of 1026 people) of 54 nationalities and a range of age between 18 and 79. <br />
<br />
<span class="gmw_"> The results of this work showed that females use Facebook more frequently than males. This use by females was resumed in reviewing other people's relationships status, using and posting profile photographs and looking at other people's photographs. According to this study, males are more interested in <span class="gmw_">number of friends and educational and career accomplishments. Also males spent less time on Facebook when alone than when they are in a relationship, but this pattern doesn’t occur in female behavior on Facebook. Finally, the relationship between age and activity showed a negative correlation, when older people spent less time on Facebook than younger ones. (MCRB)</span></span><br />
<br />
McAndrew, F. T., & Jeong, H. S. (2012). Who does what on Facebook? Age, sex, and relationship status as predictors of Facebook use. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(6), 2359-2365. URL <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563212002075">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563212002075</a><br />
<br />
<b>29. Summary 5</b><br />
<br />
<span class="gmw_">In the paper published by Richard Joiner et al. (2014), they looked at the differences between females and males in the terms of the language used on Facebook. This hypothesis was based on the premise that women use <span class="gmw_">affiliative language more than men on Facebook statuses. This hypothesis was tested through a survey that the researchers made on 600 undergraduate students (388 females and 207 males). In this survey people had to choose between two different Facebook statuses; then, they has to answer if they would “like” the status; if they reply to the status update, and if they would send a private message to their friend who posted. The results showed that according to the hypothesis, females tended to post and publish status with a higher emotional levels than males in public. (MCRB)</span></span><br />
<br />
Joiner, R., C. Stewart, et al. (2014). Publically different, privately the same: Gender differences and similarities in response to Facebook status updates. Computers in Human Behavior, 39(0): 165-169. URL <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563214003707">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563214003707</a><br />
<br />
<b>28. Article Summary #3</b><br />
<br />
<span class="gmw_">In the article "Texting, social media affecting teen sleeping patterns," Eric Moore claims that social media and texting at bedtime might be the reason behind getting less sleep for teenagers. According to him, insufficient sleep could cause long-term problems on students such as poor study habits, fatigue during the day and being less attentive in class. Some students state that social media is helping them to fall sleep more easily after a busy day; however, the author believes that the teenagers keep their phones with them; therefore, they tend to wake up and check their phones frequently during the night. In the article, the author introduces research conducted by Marc Eric Dyken, a professor of neurology in University of Iowa. According to that research; teenagers spend an average of 35 to 40 text messages while they are in their bed. In addition, college students have such a busy schedule and their use of social media shortens their sleeping hours. According to the article the easiest way to prevent sleeping disorder caused by the usage of social media is just turning off the phone before bed time. (SK)</span><br />
<br />
Burbach, C. (n.d.). Ways Social Networking Ruins Friendship. About Relationships .<br />
<br />
Moore, E. (2011, August 19). Texting, social media affecting teen sleeping patterns. The Daily Iowan . Retrieved (September 18, 2014) <a href="http://www.dailyiowan.com/2011/08/19/Metro/24431.html">http://www.dailyiowan.com/2011/08/19/Metro/24431.html</a> <br />
<br />
<b>27. Summary</b><br />
<br />
<span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_">Cherie Burbach discusses the effects of social networking on friendship in her article "Ways Social Networking Ruins Friendship." According to her, social media has changed the way people keep in touch in a negative way. </span>She states that some people are giving details of their life (e.g. what they are up to, what they are eating and other updates) so frequently and some people might feel uncomfortable because of the information overload. Hearing the good or bad events that happened all the time can cause a person to stay away from their friend. Another result of getting too many updates is that when two friends meet each other, they might have nothing to talk about because they already know what is going on in each other’s life. </span><br />
<br />
According to the author, sending game requests frequently can also ruin the friendship; it could cause the result of being deleted from your friend’s list. The social networking help us to keep in touch with our friends more frequently; however, keeping the balance between face to face friendship and online friendship is the key to having a successful friendship. (SK)<br />
<br />
Burbach, C. (n.d.). Ways Social Networking Ruins Friendship. About Relationships .<br />
<br />
Moore, E. (2011, August 19). Texting, social media affecting teen sleeping patterns. The Daily Iowan . Retrieved (September 18, 2014) <a href="http://friendship.about.com/od/Social_Networking/tp/Ways-Social-Networking-Ruins-Friendship.htm">http://friendship.about.com/od/Social_Networking/tp/Ways-Social-Networking-Ruins-Friendship.htm</a> <br />
<br />
<b>26. Summary #4</b><br />
<br />
<span class="gmw_">This article discusses the results of a study on users’ intentions for sharing videos on YouTube. The authors use a technology acceptance model (TAM) as a theoretical basis for their discussion on effective variables in users’ acceptance levels. The main objectives of the study were, first to examine how TAM impacts users’ intentions in choosing YouTube to share videos; second, to examine factors affecting users’ intentions to share videos on YouTube from a social influence perspective; and third, to analyze gender differences in choosing YouTube to share videos. The results of a survey among 206 male and 135 female video sharers on YouTube show that perceived ease of use and a positive attitude are significant determinants of the intent to use YouTube to share videos. The results also reveal that all factors from the social influence perspective, including the perceived network externalities, interpersonal norms, and social norms, influence users’ intentions. The authors believe that this might indicate that the network effect, peer pressure, and positive judgments in mass media are all important factors to attract users to share videos. Regarding gender differences, the author points out that in contrast with male users, whose intention is strongly influenced by interpersonal norms, female users’ intention is strongly influenced by usefulness and social norms. (SV)Reference:</span><br />
<br />
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null"><span class="gmw_">Yang, C., Hsu, Y., & Tan, S. (2010). Predicting the determinants of users’ intentions for using YouTube to share video: Moderating gender effects. Cyberpsychology,Behavior, and Social Networking, 13(2), 141-152. </span></a><br />
<br />
<b>25. Summary #5</b><br />
<br />
<span class="gmw_">In this article, the author, a professor of Education at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, discusses how he has used YouTube as an important aspect of his pedagogical practice. Although the article is written in 2007, only two years after the emergence of YouTube, the author shows a number of statistics indicating that YouTube was the most popular </span>vidcast website (the term he thinks fits best) at the time. Afterwards, he describes how he used YouTube in a cultural studies graduate course by making his students engage in a performance as a part of a pedagogical method that he calls mosh-pit. A mosh-pit (meaning a space close to the stage) was formed by a gathering in the classroom and having a number of technological resources around. The author then clarifies that the main purpose was to illuminate the meaning of the general concepts in course readings by a quick search on YouTube during class discussions. Ease of access to videos (as educational resources) as well as time-shifting (viewable at any time) and space-shifting (viewable at different settings) capabilities are the most highlighted features of YouTube in this article that provide an effective tool for university teaching. (SV)<br />
<br />
Reference:<br />
<br />
Trier, J. (2007). "Cool" engagements with YouTube: Part 1. Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 50(5), 408-412. <br />
<br />
<b>24. A Scientific Explanation for Why We ‘Fav’ on Twitter</b><br />
<br />
<span class="gmw_">According to this article, a study, which was done in Germany and the U.K., shows that there are reasons people ‘favorite’ a tweet instead of ‘retreewing’. The ‘favorite’ button is similar to ‘like’ button in Facebook; it shows that you read something but it is not so interesting that you want to share it with your friends. </span><br />
<br />
The study shows that one of the reasons to click the ‘favorite’ button is to show their reaction which means they like what they read. Also, the study claims that some people ‘favorite’ the tweet just because they like the person who writes it. <br />
<br />
According to the study; some people ‘favorite’ the tweet which mentions their name on it. Also some users ‘favorite’ the tweet as a bookmark, so that they can find it easily in the future. However, the study shows that some people click the ‘favorite’ button accidently, because it is so small on a mobile.<br />
<br />
<span class="gmw_">There are other reasons to fav<span class="gmw_"> a tweet which are ‘flirt-faving<span class="gmw_"> and hate-faving’. The author of the study did not find hate-faving. "Our results are purely based on the statements of our respondents. We let them answer what based on their perceptions of goals and behaviors and analysed the data that came in. In none of these statements 'hate-favoriting' or some kind of aggressive gesture played a role," the researcher is quoted as saying. The author thinks they may need a follow-up study to find out about ‘hate-favoriting’. (KNA)</span></span></span><br />
<br />
References<br />
<br />
<span class="gmw_"> Knibbs, K. (2014, May 14). A scientific explanation for why we fav on Twitter. The Daily Dot. Retrieved from </span><a href="http://www.dailydot.com/technology/twitter-fav-science/">http://www.dailydot.com/technology/twitter-fav-science/</a><br />
<br />
<b>23. Summary: You Can Soon Access Apps on Facebook without Handing Over Any Personal Information</b><br />
<br />
Mark Zuckerberg announced that Facebook will let the people use the applications without any personal information. Normally, when a user uses an application which is connected with Facebook, they are required to log in to their Facebook account. However, this system will be changed. In the future, users will be able to control which information they want to share when they use the applications.<br />
<br />
Valinsky quoted Zuckerberg as saying, "We know some people are scared of pressing this blue button [for login]." The author thinks some users do not trust the applications which are connected by Facebook, such as Farmville, so they do not want to give their account information. Soon, Facebook will change the system. Users will not have to log in to the applications. (KNA)<br />
<br />
References<br />
<br />
Valinsky, J. (2013, April 30). You can soon access apps on Facebook without handing over any personal information. The Week. Retrieved from <a href="http://theweek.com/speedreads/index/260800/speedreads-you-can-soon-access-apps-on-facebook-without-handing-over-any-personal-information">http://theweek.com/speedreads/index/26080/speedreads-you-can-soon-access-apps-on-facebook-without-handing-over-any-personal-informatio</a>weblog museumhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07113851247903847410noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7546854401587592256.post-84938945796540802672014-09-21T13:43:00.003-07:002014-10-07T06:23:05.920-07:00Summaries, 2nd assignment<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">22. Summary 2.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>There
is a lot of information about social network users. In his article, Thiago
Guimaraes (2014) shows new data about Facebook as the top of the social network
sites. This article focuses on the importance of this statistics in the
marketing field. He uses the new report from BI Intelligence to show the
importance of demography in this social media.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Despite
the growth of other social media, Facebook still has the highest number of
subscriptions. Also, in North America more than 84% of the web users have an
account on Facebook. In terms of gender, females are still using significantly
more of this social media than males. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>One
of the most remarkable facts is that while other social media as Instagram and
Twitter have more young people, the top users of Facebook are people in their
late 20s early 30s. Finally, around 68% of the people with a college or
university degree are registered on this social network. (MCRB)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;">Guimaraes, T.
(2014, September 12) 7 new statistics about Facebook users that reveal why it’s
such a powerful marketing platform<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">. Business
Insider</i>. Retrieved: September 12, 2014. URL. </span><span lang="ES-CO"><a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/a-primer-on-facebook-user-statistics-2014-9"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">http://www.businessinsider.com/a-primer-on-facebook-user-statistics-2014-9</span></a></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span lang="ES-CO" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">21. Article Summary #2</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span lang="ES-CO" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Adapted from:</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="ES-CO" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Terantino, J. M. (2011). Emerging technologies:
Youtube for foreign languages. <i>Language Learning & Technology, 15</i>(1),
10-16.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="ES-CO" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span class="gmw_">The main objective of this article was to discuss how opportunities, developed by YouTube, can be integrated into foreign language teaching and learning. The author, Joseph M. Terantino, begins with a brief history of this media and various purposes of using it. Before discussing the educational benefits of YouTube, the author depicts the unique characteristics of </span><i>digital natives</i>,
who were first defined by Prensky (2001). He continues by describing how
several features of YouTube can be applied to meet the specific educational
needs of this generation (digital natives) especially for learning foreign
languages. Providing opportunities for creating linguistic and cultural
content, student-created videos, and collaboration among multiple students is
identified as an important capability of YouTube to serve foreign language
learners and teachers. However, ESL students are warned about privacy and
safety in YouTube. Finally, the article concludes that integrating YouTube
videos, as educational tools, into foreign language classrooms has positive
results. (SV)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span lang="ES-CO" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">References</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="ES-CO" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Prensky,
M. (2001). Digital natives, digital immigrants. <i>On the Horizon, 9</i>(5),
1-6.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="ES-CO" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">20. Summary</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="ES-CO" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The
article talks about a new kind of information technologies; these are called a
social media. The author criticized some researchers who often depend on social
network analysis (SNA) when they try to understand this phenomenon. He
illustrated the differences among traditional offline social networks and
online social media networks. According to the article, there are "several
key differences between traditional offline social networks and online social
media networks by juxtaposing an established typology of social network
research with a well-regarded definition of social media platforms that
articulates four key features."<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><span class="gmw_">The outcomes of the article are about four points that have impact on social media. These points determine a series of theoretical research questions for SNA in social media. Finally, he concluded that it was important "for researchers to investigate the theoretical implications introduced by social media and lay the groundwork for a robust social media agenda potentially spanning multiple disciplines."</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>(FA)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span lang="ES-CO" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">Reference:</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="ES-CO"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Search for Al-Deen, Hana S. Noor"><span style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Al-Deen, H. S. </span></a></span><span lang="ES-CO" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">& </span><span lang="ES-CO"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Search for Hendricks, John Allen"><span style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Hendricks, J. A.</span></a></span><span lang="ES-CO" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;"> (2012). <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="citation">Social
media : usage and impact</a>. Lanham, Md. : Lexington Books, c2012.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="ES-CO" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">19. Summary#1:
College students’ social networking experiences on Facebook</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="ES-CO" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Facebook
is playing a leading role in college students’ social network activities
(Tiffany et al., 2009). Few studies have been done to explore the total time
they spend on Facebook, the reason they use Facebook, or how they use Facebook.
In this article, 92 undergraduate students (60 females and 32 males) at a
private university from different departments took a survey about Facebook use
and a diary-like measure to record their activities on Facebook for one week.
It showed that most friends in their Facebook accounts had already had a pre-established
relationship with them. Females have more friends on their accounts than males.
College students spend approximately half an hour on Facebook every day. More
time is spent reading contents posted by their friends than creating their own
contents. Such contents display people’s identities, such as romantic
relationships, religion, and work. Thus, Facebook is used not only for
communicating with friends but also for establishing personal identities. (YL)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="ES-CO" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Pempek, T. A., Yermolayeva, Y. A., & Calvert, S. L.
(2009). College students' social networking experiences on Facebook. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology</i>, 30(3),
227-238.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="ES-CO" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">18. 5
Things Politicians Should not Do on Social Media</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="ES-CO" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span class="gmw_">Social media gives<span class="gmw_"> the politicians a chance to have an interaction with voters. "But with great social media power comes great social media responsibility" (Rollins, 2013). According to the author people should be careful with what they like on Facebook, Twitter etc. She thinks that politicians must change their habits with respect to what they liked before; for example, Charles Minor, Assemblyman of Jersey City, who liked inappropriate pages on Facebook. Also the author warns politicians to not to send pictures of their body part to anybody or they need to take the risk of losing their job, for example, Rep. Anthony Weiner of New York lost his job. </span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="ES-CO" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">The author thinks that politicians
should not use social media for their personal life, like texting with a secret
daughter, as Rep. Steve Cohen of Tennessee did. Samantha Rollins says that politicians
had better not write everything they did. For example, former Massachusetts
Senator Scott Brown wrote ‘Bqhatevwr’ instead of ‘Whatever’ while he was drunk.
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="ES-CO" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">There is a certain thing about social
media; even though it was deleted, people never forget what you posted. (KNA)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="ES-CO" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">References</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="ES-CO" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Rollins, S. (2013, February 19) 5 Things Politicians Should
not Do on Social Media. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">theweek.com. </i>Retrieved
from
<a href="http://theweek.com/article/index/240298/5-things-politicians-shouldnt-do-on-social-media">theweek.com/article/index/240298/5-things-politicians-shouldnt-do-on-social-media</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">17. Summary</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span class="gmw_">Kylie Burchat in her article "Social media: Changing communication forever" claims that the usage of social media might cause negative effects on communications.</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span class="gmw_">According to her, using social media is a good way to keep connected with family and friends who are living abroad; however, its long term effects on the young generation could be damaging. In old times, young generations used to gain experiences about how to build relationships at their neighborhood or school; nowadays people are doing that online. It may cause people to become more and more introverted in real life and young adults can have problems at job interviews. Another effect of social media on communication is that people have started to use short forms of words instead of using complete sentences. People have started to share much more personal information and they have started to communicate frequently and shortly. The applications on smart phones are causing people to use social networks more frequently and it is supporting people's addiction. Burchart states that face to face communications are disappearing thanks to the online features of the social media. (SK)</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="ES-CO" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Burchart, K.
(2013, March 13). Social media: changing communication forever. <i>The Argus</i>
.</span><span lang="ES-CO" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Retrieved (September 11, 2014) </span><span lang="ES-CO"><a href="http://www.theargus.ca/articles/opinion/op-ed/2013/03/social-media-changing-communication-forever"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">http://www.theargus.ca/articles/opinion/op-ed/2013/03/social-media-changing-communication-forever</span></a></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">16. Summary 2#
nonacademic paper title: Twitter, Facebook, YouTube Grapple With Islamic State
Censorship</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="ES-CO">Risen (2014) wrote an article to discuss the fight of
Twitter, Facebook and YouTube against terrorist groups. In this article, it was
reported that the White House had required social media sites to remove texts
and videos about terrorism to prevent terrorist groups from hiring new members
and Twitter, Facebook and YouTube had promised to support it. However, it was a
big challenge for these social network sites to absolutely stop the flows of
information about terrorism. This was because: (1) some news sites like New
York Post did not ban this type of information; (2) it was hard to identify a
reasonable line between what is and what is not regarded as hate speech.
Additionally, because of political reasons, a few governments like the Indian
government deleted posts from social media sites according to 2013 Freedom on
the Net report. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(FL)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Reference:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="ES-CO">Risen, T. (Sept. 5, 2014). Twitter, Facebook, YouTube
Grapple With Islamic State Censorship. Available from: <a href="http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2014/09/05/twitter-facebook-youtube-navigate-islamic-state-censorship">http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2014/09/05/twitter-facebook-youtube-navigate-islamic-state-censorship</a>
[Accessed date Sept. 11, 2014]</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Academic Summaries</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">15. Summary 3</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span class="gmw_">It is well known that the use of social media can affect relationships with both good and bad consequences. In certain ages these effects can be more evident as we can see in teenagers and young adults. In the study made by Masin and Foubert (2013), they surveyed 200 students in the Midwestern United States. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of the use of social media such as Facebook on the maturity of their relationships. Also they evaluated whether there was any effect on the relationship between genders.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In
general, this study found that when the use of Facebook increases, there is a decrease
in the maturity of interpersonal relationships. Also, when you see the peer
relationships, there is a strong influence of the use of Facebook on the health
of a relationship. (MCRB)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CO;">Masin</span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">, R. and Foubert, J.D. (2013) <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Effect of gender and Facebook use on the
development of mature interpersonal relationships.</span><i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </span>Journal of Student
Affairs, </i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Vol. XXIII </i>51-59. URL. </span><span lang="ES-CO"><a href="http://www.sahe.colostate.edu/Data/Sites/1/journal-of-student-affairs/2014-journal-of-student-affairs.pdf#page=51"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">http://www.sahe.colostate.edu/Data/Sites/1/journal-of-student-affairs/2014-journal-of-student-affairs.pdf#page=51</span></a></span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_GoBack"></a></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span lang="ES-CO" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">14. Article Summary #3</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 31.5pt; text-indent: 27.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 31.5pt; text-indent: 27.0pt;">
<span lang="ES-CO" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span class="gmw_">This article discusses the results of a one-year ethnographic study on YouTube participants to examine how they use YouTube’s video sharing and commenting features to identify themselves as a part of a specific social group. The author begins with reviewing the concepts of "social networks" and "public/private<span class="gmw_">" dichotomy in literature. She believes that deep understanding of how and why media like YouTube videos are viewed, enjoyed, and forwarded reveals many aspects of social networking and the way networkers distinguish between public and private. The results of data, collected through semi-structured interviews and observations, show that video-sharing practices help participants to both support their existing social circles and create new connections. The author highlights two degrees of publicness in video sharing, "publicly private" and "privately public," which emerged from the dataset. She found the former to be private contents shared by video-makers who reveal their identities easily, and the latter to be widely-accessible videos created by video-makers who do not want their identity disclosed. Based on the findings, these two categories are the special types of behavior in YouTube participants, which are neither strictly public nor strictly private. (SV)</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 31.5pt; text-indent: 27.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 31.5pt; text-indent: 27.0pt;">
<b><span lang="ES-CO" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">References</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span lang="ES-CO" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;">Lange, P. G. (2007). Publicly private and privately public:
Social networking on YouTube. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Journal of
Computer-Mediated Communication, 13</i>(1), 361–380. </span><span lang="ES-CO" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="ES-CO" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">13. Summary of A study of the impact
of social media on consumers.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="ES-CO" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span class="gmw_">The study shows about social media and their role in the improvement of e-commerce into social commerce. The author said the social media have presented new opportunities to consumers to use them on the internet. The article illustrates some benefits for traders and consumers to shopping on the internet. This study uses a SEM-PLS model to investigate how the social media developed the e-commerce.</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span class="gmw_">The results of study appear to show that consumers trust buying on the internet. At the end of the article, the author discusses the results, along with implications, limitations and recommended future research directions. (FA)</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span lang="ES-CO" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">Reference:</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="ES-CO" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">Hajli, M. N. (2014).
A study of the impact of social media on consumers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="ES-CO"><span style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">International Journal of Market Research</span> 56(3)</span></i><span lang="ES-CO" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">. Birkbeck, University o f London.
pp. 387-404.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="ES-CO" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">12. Summary#2
Findings on Facebook in higher education: a comparison of college faculty and
student uses and perceptions of social networking sites</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="ES-CO" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Facebook, as a kind of modern social
media, is widely used in colleges for educational communications and
collaborations between students and faculty (Roblyer, et al., 2010). In this
article, a survey is taken in a mid-sized university to compare the use of
Facebook between faculty and students. The results show students use Facebook
more than faculty. Faculty use Facebook to interact mostly with their friends
and family members. Traditional communication tools, such as email, are widely
used for faculty to communicate with their students.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(YL)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="ES-CO" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Roblyer, M. D., McDaniel, M., Webb, M., Herman, J., &
Witty, J. V. (2010). Findings on Facebook in higher education: A comparison of
college faculty and student uses and perceptions of social networking
sites. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Internet and Higher
Education</i>, 13(3), 134-140.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="ES-CO">11. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Links Between Politicians and Journalists</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="ES-CO"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span class="gmw_">The article shows the Twitter network between 150 Dutch politicians and journalists. During the 2010 general election in The Netherlands, the journalists used this hashtag ‘rtldebat’ to ask voters about their opinion about political issues. Even though none of politicians answered any ‘tweets’, responses were more than they expected.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="ES-CO"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The
study showed unexpected information. "The high volume of tweets sent by
more traditional parties, like Christian Democrats, Conservatives, and Conservative
Christian Democrats could also be explained by their central role in the
current government coalition" (Verweij, 2012), because post-modern parties
were known for using social media effectively.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="ES-CO"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The
research states that, since the network makes politicians and journalists dependent
on each other, their network is close but not as much as it is supposed to be. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="ES-CO"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The
author said the results from this research are limited, but this is the first
step to do a deeper research. (KNA)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
References:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="ES-CO">Verweij, P. (2012, March 27).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Twitter Links Between Politicians and
Journalists. Retrieved from<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><a href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17512786.2012.667272#tabModule"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17512786.2012.667272#tabModule</span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">10. Summary
#2</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In
the article "Why Americans use social media," Aaron Smith explains
the results of the survey that was conducted of 2,277 adults between April 26-
May 22, 2011. According to their survey, 66% of the adults are using social
media such as Facebook, Twitter, MySpace and LinkedIn.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2/3 of the social media users are using
these social media technologies in order to stay connected with family members
and friends. Other reasons why they use social media are: Connecting with other
people about a shared hobby or interest (14%), making new friends (9%), following
public figures (5%) and finding a romantic partner (3%). </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>According
to the survey, staying connected with family members is a common reason to use
social media in all age groups; however, women social media users tend to use
social media more to stay connected with family members than men users. (72% vs.
55%) In addition, the social media users who are under the age of 50 use social
media to stay connected with their friends. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Another
result that they gained from the survey is that middle aged and older social
media users prefer using social media to connect with other people about a
shared hobby or interest. Following public figures is a more common reason
among Twitter users, African Americans and Latinos. Using social media to find
a romantic partner is not a major reason for people. Generally people who are
single, divorced or separated are using social media for this purpose. (SK)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Smith, A. (2011, November 15). Why Americans use
social media. <i>Pew Research Internet Project.</i> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Retrieved (September 11, 2014) </span><span lang="ES-CO"><a href="http://aosresourcecenter.com/file_depot/0-10000000/390000-400000/398422/folder/1145143/WhyAmericansUseSocialMedia.pdf"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">http://aosresourcecenter.com/file_depot/0-10000000/390000-400000/398422/folder/1145143/WhyAmericansUseSocialMedia.pdf</span></a></span><span lang="ES-CO" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span class="gmw_">9. Summary 1#: Academic paper title: ePluribus: Ethnicity on Social Networks</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="ES-CO"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In
this paper, Chang et al. (2010) presented a Bayesian approach to estimate the
ethnicities of population in terms of people's names and the statistics for
census names. This approach has been demonstrated to be better than natural
alternatives to predict the ethnicities of individuals and an overall population.
After applying this approach to Facebook users, it was found that the diversity
of Facebook users had grown as time went on, resulting in a great similarity to
that of the real world population. Moreover, it was pointed out that population
groups in different ethnicities have various profiles in demographics,
religions, and customs of using site features.</span><span lang="ES-CO" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">(FL)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="FR" style="mso-ansi-language: FR;">Reference:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="FR" style="mso-ansi-language: FR;">Chang, J. et al. </span><span lang="ES-CO"><span class="gmw_">(2010). ePluribus : Ethnicity on social networks. In </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Proceedings of the Fourth International AAAI
Conference on Weblogs and Social Media</i> (Washington, DC, May 23-26, 2010).
Available from: <a href="http://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/ICWSM/ICWSM10/paper/viewFile/1534/1828">http://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/ICWSM/ICWSM10/paper/viewFile/1534/1828</a>
(Accessed date: Sept. 11, 2014).</span></div>
weblog museumhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07113851247903847410noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7546854401587592256.post-22852450702429406262014-09-21T13:42:00.002-07:002014-10-07T06:48:57.157-07:00Possible hypotheses / research questions<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">1. What are graduate students' purposes for using YouTube?</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">2. How do graduate students feel about the impact of using YouTube on their academic performance? (SV)</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">3. Is there a significant difference between male and female graduate students in terms of using YouTube and active engagement? (SV)</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">4. Is there a significant difference between international and domestic graduate students in using YouTube? (SV)</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">5. Most Texas Tech students will admit that they check their social media accounts at bedtime. (SK)</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">6. Texas Tech students believe that checking social media at bedtime will not cause a sleeping disorder. (SK)</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="gmw_">7. Female students will admit to checking their social media at bedtime more than male students. (SK)</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">8. Texas Tech students will state that they do not believe social media affects their success in a negative way. (SK)</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">9. Texas Tech students will admit that social media interrupt them while they are studying. (SK)</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">10. Most of the Texas Tech students have participated in the ice bucket challenge and donated to the ALS Foundation. (SK)</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">11. Texas Tech students will admit that social media have become very important in their lives. (FA)</span></span><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">12. Texas Tech students will identify negative effects of social media. (FA)</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">13. There will be no difference between men and women about using social media applications. (FA)</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">14. We would like to know what percent of Texas Tech students support or go against the "real name" policy on social media sites. (FL)</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">15. We would like to know what percent of Texas Tech students use their real names on all their social media sites. (FL)</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">16. We would like to know which social media sites Texas Tech students are using the most. (KNA)</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">17. We would like to know the reasons Texas Tech students use social media sites. (KNA)</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">18. We thought it would be likely that women expressed their emotions more on social media. (KNA)</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">19. We were curious about how many Texas Tech students connected to public figures on social media. (KNA)</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">20. We want to know how Texas Tech students feel about the influence of social media on friendships. (KNA)</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">------</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">others that we have considered:</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> (1)<b><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> People who identify as w</span></b>hite and Asian tweet more than those who identify as African American and Hispanic.<b><span lang="ES-CO"> </span></b></span></span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">(2)<b><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></b>The
uses of social media differ between graduate and undergraduate students.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">(3)<b><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
People will report that p</span></b>icture
publication is more common in females than in males.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">(4)<b><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> People will report that s</span></b>haring
feelings in social media is more common in females than in males.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="ES-CO">(5)<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="ES-CO">Females will say they
post more photos on Facebook more than males. </span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="ES-CO">(6)<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> Students will report that i</span></span><span lang="ES-CO">nstant and simple mobile communication tools are more widely used than Facebook and email among college students.</span></span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -6.8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_">(7) People will say that they obtain information</span> <span class="gmw_">from social</span> media,</span> even when the accuracy of the information from the social media remains to be proved.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -6.8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">(8) If a merchant puts more
expert’s suggestion in advertisements, this may influence men’s purchase
decision to a large degree.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">(9) People will report many negative effects of social media.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">(10) People will report that social media are very important to them.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">(11) Students will admit checking their social media while driving.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">(12) Females will admit checking their social media while driving more than males </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">(13) Male students use Twitter more than females, especially on game day</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">(14) Females check their social media at bedtime more than males.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">(15) Males will claim to have more Facebook friends than females.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="gmw_" style="font-size: small;">(16) We are curious about differences in profile style (Facebook), time spent on Facebook, and activities (i.e. posting pictures, expressing feelings, sharing links)</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -6.8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="ES-CO">*Note: We will work on these and change them, as time goes by. Keep in mind that we can measure only what people <i>feel </i>or <i>say. </i>You may use these or others that you develop yourself. Our purpose is to derive them from the readings so that it is clear that we have a good reason to believe things will turn out the way they do. If we really have no idea, it's better to frame it as a research question! </span></span></span></div>
weblog museumhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07113851247903847410noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7546854401587592256.post-39330114980800691632014-09-15T18:14:00.003-07:002014-10-07T06:23:18.299-07:00Summaries, 1st Assignment<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>8. Article Summary</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: small;">In
her post 'How YouTube is Impacting Current and Future College Students', Josie
Ahlquist, a student affairs educator at California Lutheran University,
highlights the strong influence of YouTube on viewers, especially college
students. She believes that, as the third most visited website in the world (Cayari, 2011), YouTube is one of the most
important forms of social media that affects teens’ behavior and <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_GoBack"></a>communication skills. The author argues that this new
channel for interacting with the youth places 'YouTubers' or 'YouTube Stars' in
a special role where they can even impact the way that teenagers establish and
explore their own identity. They can also teach educators about many things
including online community building behavior, using YouTube content in
classrooms, and students’ technology trends, interests, and
struggles. Despite these significant effects of YouTube and YouTubers, research
in this area, particularly from an educational perspective, has not been
enough. That is the reason why the author intends to facilitate an educational
session in an upcoming conference to communicate with well-known YouTubers and
hear about their experiences with young people on YouTube. She ends her post by
listing some of the outcomes from studies on YouTube that she is planning to
mention in the educational session. One of the interesting findings is that
'share' is the main feature of this digital platform, which results in
enhancement of social circles and interactions among teens (Haridakis & Hanson, 2009).
(S.V.)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: small;">References</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Ahlquist,
J. (2013, October 29). How YouTube is Impacting Current and Future College
Students [Blog]. Retrieved from <a href="http://josieahlquist.com/2013/10/29/youtubecollege/">http://josieahlquist.com/2013/10/29/youtubecollege/</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Cayari, C.
(2011). The YouTube effect: How youtube has provided new ways to consume,
create, and share music. <i>International
Journal of Education & The Arts, 12</i>(6), 1-28. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Haridakis, P., & Hanson, G. (2009). Social interaction and co-viewing
with YouTube: blending mass communication reception and social connection. <i>Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic
Media, 53</i>(2), 317-335. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>7.
Article Summary</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;"> <span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_">In the article "Facebook losing its edge among college-aged adults," John McDermott states that the number of "young adult" (college student) users of Facebook is decreasing over time. According to the article, even though Facebook is still the most popular social media tool among college students, the percentage usage of Facebook decreased three percent (from 91.5% to 88.6%) between February 2013 and November 2013. On the other hand, some other social platforms increased their usage among the college students in the same time period: Instagram increased the percentage of usage by 7.5% (from 44%to 51.5%) among college students, because college students feel that it is easier to express themselves by using pictures. Twitter usage increased 3.6% (from 40.1% to 43.7%) because people can make short comments about games, shows etc. The usage of Tumblr increased 4.5% (from 31% to 35.5%). Snapchat<span class="gmw_"> and Vine have the greatest amount of usage increase rates. The usage of Snapchat</span></span></span><span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_"> increased 22.7%. (from 3.2% to 25.9%). The reason behind that increase is that college students feel that they have more privacy while using Snapchat. Finally, the usage of Vine increased 25% (from 0% to 25%). College students prefer Vine due to the fact that its 6 second video making time is easy to use and it is easier to be famous by using Vine. (S.K.)</span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;">
<span style="font-size: small;">McDermott, J. (2014, January 21). Facebook losing its edge among college-aged adults. <i><span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_">Digiday.</span></span></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoBibliographyCxSpLast" style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;">
<span style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">Retrieved
from
<a href="http://digiday.com/platforms/social-platforms-college-kids-now-prefer/">http://digiday.com/platforms/social-platforms-college-kids-now-prefer/</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>6. Summary: Do college student
spend too much time on Facebook, YouTube and other social networking sites?</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">The
author raises the question of whether college students who spend less time on
Facebook or other social networking sites will get better grades. The University
of New Hampshire did research about the social networking usage and grades for
college students. They found that there is no apparent relationship between the
time of social media usage and the students’ grades, because most of the heavy
social media using students can get better grades. In addition, the research
found Facebook and YouTube are most popular among the social media among
college students. Furthermore, the research shows that there is an increasing
trend for using social media among the surveyed students. Moreover, they found
most students use social media for social or entertainment reasons, not for the
academic reasons. (X.Z.)</span>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Reference:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_">Bart, M. (2009, Dec. 30). Do college student spend too much time on Facebook, YouTube and other social networking sites? </span><i>Faculty Focus. </i> </span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="OLE_LINK3"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="OLE_LINK4"></a><a href="http://www.facultyfocus.com/articles/edtech-news-and-trend/">www.facultyfocus.com/articles/edtech-news<span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_">-and-trend/</span></span></a> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 12pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>5. Summary
(Why do we hate Facebook Hashtags?)</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 12pt;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; color: black; font-size: small;">First of all, this author is talking about the
relationship between users and Facebook. He said “Facebook is a repository of
someone’s life, where Twitter is like a thought-stream, at least in terms of
usage.” Also, he compares between Facebook and other social media such as Twitter
and Instagram. He assumes that “Posts with hashtags actually have less Viral
Reach, on average, than posts without hashtags.” In addition, the user has a
limit of letters in Twitter and Instagram, but in Facebook he can write a more
letters than in them. Also, he is talking about privacy in social media; many
people use nicknames in social media and they hide their real characters.
Finally, he said that Facebook users are unable to explore a certain topic like
they would on the other, more open social networks. (F.A.)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; color: black;">Reference:</span><b><span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; color: black;"> </span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;">McHugh, <span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; color: black;">M. (2013, Sep. 3). </span>Why
do we hate Facebook Hashtags. <i>Digital
Trends.</i>
<a href="http://www.digitaltrends.com/social-media/why-do-we-hate-facebook-hashtags/#!bNSzV7.">http://www.digitaltrends.com/social-media/why-do-we-hate-facebook-hashtags/#!bNSzV7.</a></span><br />
<br /></div>
<div align="left" style="line-height: normal; text-align: left;">
</div>
<div align="left" style="line-height: normal; text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: small;">4. The
summary of “Facebook losing its edge among college-aged adults”</span><span class="gmw_" style="font-size: small;"><span class="gmw_"> </span></span></b></div>
<div align="left" style="line-height: normal; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div align="left" style="line-height: normal; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="gmw_" style="font-size: small;"><span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_">John McDermott (2014) wrote an article to argue that Facebook was losing its edge among college-aged adults. In this article, he thought Facebook wasn’t cool anymore by quoting the viewpoint from President Obama. He also pointed out that Facebook remained the most widely used social network for college-aged adults while its attractiveness decreased by citing a survey about social media. In this survey, Facebook’s penetration among college-aged adults decreased from Feb. 2013 to Nov. 2013 while its opponents, like Instagram, Twitter, Tumblr, Snapchat and Vine increased their traction with college-aged adults at this time. (FL)</span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Reference</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;">McDermott, J. (2014). Facebook losing its edge among college-aged adults. <i><span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_">Digiday. </span></span></i><a href="http://digiday.com/platforms/social-platforms-college-kids-now-prefer/">http://digiday.com/platforms/social-platforms-college-kids-now-prefer/</a>
[accessed date: Sep 4, 2014]</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>3. Summary</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;">In Mary Bart's article, she
explores the question of whether there is a relationship between spending time
on social networks and the performance of college students. This article is
based in a study made by the University of New Hampshire. The study was made
with a survey of 1,127 UNH students. The information collected in the survey
was the time spent in social networks and the grades of each student. The
research team did not find any correlation between time spent in social media
and grades of the students.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span class="gmw_" style="font-size: small;"><span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_">Despite this, one of the most important findings was that around 96% of the students use Facebook. This means that this is the most successful <span class="gmw_">social network among college students. Also they found a growth in social networking use in students through</span></span></span></span><span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_"> time. Finally</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"> <span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_">the most important uses of social networks are social and entertainment reasons (more than 79% of surveyed students). (M.C.R.B.)</span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; color: #111111;">Reference</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Bart, M. (2010, December 30). Do
College Students Spend Too Much Time on Facebook, YouTube and Other Social
Networking Sites? <i>EdTech News and Trends</i>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>2. Summary: The Evolution of Social Media Use among College Students</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_">This article mainly talks about the evolution of social media use among college students. Since mobile devices are becoming popular for young people, instant and simple mobile communication tools, such as Instagram, Snapchat, Twitter, and WhatsApp, are more widely used than Facebook and email. Statistically, college students spend 3.6 hours per day on average playing with their smartphones (Kalkbrenner and McCampbell, 2011). However, adults in college are still used to reading and sending emails. Thus, administrators in college should have at least one mobile social media in their smartphones in order to connect with students instantly. (Y.L.)</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Reference</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Kalkbrenner,
J., & McCampbell, A. (2011). The advent of smartphones: a study on the
effect of handheld electronics on personal and professional productivity. <i>Journal of Applied Global Research</i>,
4(8).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria;">1.
Summary: </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Cambria;"><span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_">Study Finds 77% of College Students Use Snapchat Daily</span></span></span></b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: Cambria;"><span class="gmw_"> </span></span></b></span>
<span style="color: black; font-family: Cambria; font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span class="gmw_"> </span></span><br />
<span style="color: black; font-family: Cambria; font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_">In this article “Study Finds 77% of College Students Use </span>Snapchat<span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_"> Daily,” author Kurt Wagner explains a study which is about using </span>Snapchat<span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_"> on a daily basis. The study, in which more than 1600 college student participated, states that most pictures are taken as a ‘selfie’. The author thinks that the information that people use </span>Snapchat on Friday and Saturday is not that surprising. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: Cambria; font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Cambria; font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_">The study shows that almost 50% of students would not ignore a snap from a brand that they have never heard about. Also, “Close to 70% of students said they would even add a brand as a friend,” according to Kurt Wagner. Besides, according to ‘Sumpto’ which saves the data from Snapchat, some brands send gifts to college students so that they post about the brand and the brand could reach more people.</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: Cambria; font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"> </span><br />
<div align="left" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Cambria; font-weight: normal;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Cambria; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></div>
<div align="left" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in; text-align: left;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Cambria; font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_">The article provides that there are different ways of using Snapchat</span><span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_">. “The most popular Snapchat use case was ‘creativity’ (37%), </span></span></span>followied<span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_"> by ‘keeping in touch’ (27%) and 'easier than texting’ (23%) (Wagner, 2014). Also</span> <span class="gmw_">the study <span class="gmw_">shows that even though most people do not approve, ‘sexting’ and ‘sending inappropriate messages’ are the some of functions of using </span></span><span class="gmw_">Snapchat. (KNA)</span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span lang="ES-CO" style="color: black; font-family: Cambria; font-size: small;">References</span> <span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="h.5vn2xr85c56u"></a><span style="color: black; font-family: Cambria; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Cambria; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;">Wagner, K. (2014, Feb
24). <span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white;"><span class="gmw_"><span class="gmw_">Study Finds 77% of College Students Use Snapchat Daily. </span></span><i>Mashable. </i>Retrieved
from </span></span><a href="http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fmashable.com%2F2014%2F02%2F24%2Fsnapchat-study-college-students%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNEuNazBUJQvj2vjBCvbO8LmO6jrdw"><span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; font-family: Cambria; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;">http://mashable.com/2014/02/24/snapchat-study-college-students/</span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
weblog museumhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07113851247903847410noreply@blogger.com0